The medial ganglionic eminence gives rise to a population of early neurons in the developing cerebral cortex
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During development of the neocortex, the marginal zone (layer I) and the subplate (layer VII) are the first layers to form from a primordial plexiform neoropil. The cortical plate (layers II-VI) is subsequently established between these superficial and deep components of the primordial plexiform neuropil. Neurons in the early zones are thought to play important roles in the formation of the cortex: the Cajal-Retzius cells of the marginal zone are instrumental in neuronal migration and laminar formation, and cells of the subplate are involved in the formation of cortical connections. Using the fluorescent tracer 1,1'-dioctodecyl-3,3,3', 3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine (DiI), we have shown here that a substantial proportion of neurons of the marginal zone, including cells with features of Cajal-Retzius cells, and of the subplate and lower intermediate zone are not born in the ventricular neuroepithelium but instead originate in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), the pallidal primordium. These neurons follow a tangential migratory route to their positions in the developing cortex. They express the neurotransmitter GABA but seem to lack the calcium binding protein calretinin; some migrating cells found in the marginal zone express reelin. In addition, migrating cells express the LIM-homeobox gene Lhx6, a characteristic marker of the MGE. It is suggested that this gene uniquely or in combination with other transcription factors may be involved in the decision of MGE cells to differentiate in situ or migrate to the neocortex.
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The MGE and adjacent POA generate virtually all SST+ and PV+ cortical interneurons.
“The MGE and adjacent POA generate virtually all interneurons in the SST+ and PV+ classes”
From Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons (2018) · cites this paper as Lavdas et al., 1999
Interneurons spread through the developing cortex by two main streams, a superficial marginal zone route and a deep subventricular zone route, with a smaller subplate route.
“Interneurons disperse throughout the developing cortex via two large migratory streams, a superficial route that courses through the marginal zone (MZ), and a deep route that largely overlaps with the pallial subventricular zone (SVZ) (Lavdas et al., 1999; Wichterle et al., 2001). A smaller fraction of interneurons migrates through the subplate.”
From Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons (2018) · cites this paper as Lavdas et al., 1999
Interneurons from both GEs converge and disperse via two streams running in parallel, separated by the cortical plate or hippocampal primordium: a deep stream in the IZ/SVZ and a superficial one in the MZ.
“interneurons from both GEs converge and then disperse widely via two streams running in parallel, separated by the cortical plate (CPl) or hippocampal primordium: a deep stream in the intermediate/subventricular zones (IZ/SVZ) and a superficial one in the marginal zone (MZ)”
From Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons (2017) · cites this paper as [639]
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“The MGE and adjacent POA generate virtually all interneurons in the SST+ and PV+ classes (Gelman et al., 2011; Lavdas et al., 1999; Wichterle et al., 2001; Xu et al., 2004; Xu et al., 2008), whereas the CGE produces all VIP+ and CCK+ cortical interneurons along with several other less abundant types of interneurons su…”
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- Authors
- Lavdas, A. A., Grigoriou, M., Pachnis, V., & Parnavelas, J. G.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Medical Research (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1999-09-15
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 7881-7888
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6782477
- OpenAlex
- W1715204582
- Cited by
- 765
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 8.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- medial ganglionic eminence, neocortex development, marginal zone, subplate, Cajal-Retzius cells, neuronal migration, tangential migration, GABAergic neurons, Lhx6, reelin, calretinin, cortical lamination, intermediate zone, LIM homeobox genes
- MeSH terms
- Reelin Protein, Animals, Brain, Carbocyanines, Cell Movement, Cerebral Cortex, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Fluorescent Dyes, Morphogenesis, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, Organ Culture Techniques, Zinc Fingers, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Homeodomain Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Rats
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