The Adult Ventricular–Subventricular Zone (V-SVZ) and Olfactory Bulb (OB) Neurogenesis
Open accessAbstract
A large population of neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) persists in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) located in the walls of the lateral brain ventricles.V-SVZ NSCs produce large numbers of neuroblasts that migrate a long distance into the olfactory bulb (OB) where they differentiate into local circuit interneurons.Here, we review a broad range of discoveries that have emerged from studies of postnatal V-SVZ neurogenesis: the identification of NSCs as a subpopulation of astroglial cells, the neurogenic lineage, new mechanisms of neuronal migration, and molecular regulators of precursor cell proliferation and migration.It has also become evident that V-SVZ NSCs are regionally heterogeneous, with NSCs located in different regions of the ventricle wall generating distinct OB interneuron subtypes.Insights into the developmental origins and molecular mechanisms that underlie the regional specification of V-SVZ NSCs have also begun to emerge.Other recent studies have revealed new cellintrinsic molecular mechanisms that enable lifelong neurogenesis in the V-SVZ.Finally, we discuss intriguing differences between the rodent V-SVZ and the corresponding human brain region.The rapidly expanding cellular and molecular knowledge of V-SVZ NSC biology provides key insights into postnatal neural development, the origin of brain tumors, and may inform the development regenerative therapies from cultured and endogenous human neural precursors.N ew neurons continue to be added through- out life to the olfactory bulb (OB) in the brain of many mammals.In rodents, the adult germinal region for OB neurogenesis is located along the walls of the brain lateral ventricles.Recent results regarding the spatial arrangement and cellular morphology of the primary neural precursors-or, neural stem cells (NSCs)-indicate that this region has characteristics similar to both the embryonic ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ).Given this new understanding, we now refer to this region as the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ).Neuroblasts born from NSCs in the mouse V-SVZ migrate rostrally into the OB where they then disperse radially and differentiate into functional interneurons (Fig. 1).Several distinct interneuron subtypes are generated by the V-SVZ, and estimates indicate that thousands of new OB neurons are generated every day in the young adult rodent brain.The adult V-SVZ is also the birthplace of oligodendro-
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Neurogenesis continues during adulthood in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone, where new neurons are generated throughout life from stem cells.
“Neurogenesis continues during adulthood in two specific neurogenic niches, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) adjacent to lateral ventricles, where new neurons are generated throughout life from stem cells (Kempermann et al., 2015;Lim and Alvarez-Buylla, 2016).”
From Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise (2018) · cites this paper as Lim and Alvarez-Buylla, 2016
The Conclusion (page unavailable) describes the adult ventricular–subventricular zone as a stem-cell niche involved in long-term neurogenesis, and Figure 2 identifies cells there that give rise to new neurons in adult mice. The paper does not establish the same lifelong production in the hippocampal dentate gyrus; that location appears in the retrieved passages only in references to other studies. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAstro-TE clusters 5229 and 5230, located in the lateral ventricle bordering rostral dorsal STR, and clusters belonging to the Astro-OLF subclass (5231-5236) match the path of the RMS; the trajectory of these astrocyte clusters on the UMAP matches well with the corresponding spatial gradients.
“Astro-TE clusters 5229 and 5230, located in the lateral ventricle bordering rostral dorsal STR, and clusters belonging to the Astro-OLF subclass (5231–5236) match the path of the RMS70–72 (Extended Data Fig. 12h); the trajectory of these astrocyte clusters on the UMAP matches well with the corresponding spatial gradients”
From A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain (2023) · cites this paper as [72]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe dentate gyrus gives rise to excitatory DG granule cells, whereas the SVZ produces migrating cells that follow the RMS and differentiate into inhibitory OB granule cells in the olfactory bulb.
“The first gives rise to the excitatory DG granule cells, whereas the second produces migrating cells that follow the RMS and in the olfactory bulb differentiate into inhibitory OB granule cells72,84,85.”
From A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain (2023) · cites this paper as [72]
The Figure 1 caption describes V-SVZ neuroblasts migrating through the RMS into the olfactory bulb and differentiating into granule cells. The section on diverse OB interneurons says most OB granule cells are GABAergic, supporting the inhibitory characterization with that qualifier. The cited paper does not establish the sentence’s separate claim that the dentate gyrus produces excitatory granule cells. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAstro-TE clusters 5229 and 5230 and clusters in the Astro-OLF subclass match the path of the rostral migratory stream (RMS).
“Astro-TE clusters 5229 and 5230 and clusters in the Astro-OLF subclass match the path of the rostral migratory stream70–72 (RMS; see below).”
From A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain (2023) · cites this paper as [72]
In mammals there are two canonical neurogenic regions, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) at the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
“In mammals there are two canonical regions, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) at the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus [159,161].”
From P2X7 Receptor Signaling in Stress and Depression (2019) · cites this paper as [161]
Neurogenesis in the adult brain takes place at sites in which the pool of NPCs is active, called neurogenic niches.
“Neurogenesis in the adult brain may therefore takes place at the sites in which the pool of NPCs is active, called neurogenic niches.”
From P2X7 Receptor Signaling in Stress and Depression (2019) · cites this paper as [161]
The SEZ generates neuroblasts that migrate to the OB, where they differentiate and integrate.
“The largest NSC niche, the sub-ependymal zone (SEZ), generates neuroblasts that migrate to the distant olfactory bulb (OB), where they differentiate and integrate”
From Defining the Adult Neural Stem Cell Niche Proteome Identifies Key Regulators of Adult Neurogenesis (2020) · cites this paper as Lim and Alvarez-Buylla, 2016
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- Authors
- Lim, D. A., & Alvarez-Buylla, A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- ORCID
- Lim, Daniel A.
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2016-04-05
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- a018820
- ISSN
- 1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4852803
- OpenAlex
- W2319605272
- Cited by
- 571
- References
- 280
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
- Keywords
- adult neurogenesis, ventricular-subventricular zone, olfactory bulb, neural stem cells, neuroblast migration, olfactory bulb interneurons, neural stem cell proliferation, neural stem cell migration, brain tumors, regenerative therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Interneurons, Models, Biological, Olfactory Bulb, Signal Transduction, Cell Lineage, Epigenesis, Genetic, Mice, Neurogenesis, Neural Stem Cells
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