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A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION
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“Mothers were deemed eligible if they had a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria, received a score ≥ 15 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D 25-item version)[33] and were the custodial parent of a 7–18-year-old child receiving psychiatric treatment for an internalizing disorder.”
From ROLE OF MATERNAL CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON PARENTING AMONG DEPRESSED MOTHERS OF PSYCHIATRICALLY ILL CHILDREN: Research Article: Maternal Depression and Childhood Trauma (2013) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is in accordance with Aaron Beck's famous contention that depression is not only manifested in a negative self-appraisal but also involves negative cognitions about the world and the future.”
From The more it is needed, the less it is wanted: Attitudes toward face-to-face intervention among depressed patients undergoing online treatment (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“greater depression severity, as assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; Hamilton, 1960), was an independent predictor of TSST-induced increases in both IL-6 and NFκ B while adjusting for the effects of early life stress on inflammatory activity”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Hamilton, 1960
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The Hamilton Rating Scales for Anxiety (HAM‐A) (Hamilton, 1959) and Depression (HAM‐D, 17‐item version) (Hamilton, 1960) were used to quantify the degree of anxiety and depression, respectively.”
From Differences in response inhibition between medication-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without sensory phenomena (2026) · cites this paper as Hamilton, 1960
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The HAM-D consists of 21 items but is scored on the first 17 items.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The higher the score, the greater the severity of depressive symptoms.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The HAM-D is an observer-administered instrument to assess the severity of depressive symptoms.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies with psychiatric samples show substantial correlation coefficients for BDI and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS; [23] ) ranging from r = .61 to .81; the mean correlation coefficient is r = .73. [22] Internal consistency for both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric populations is above .8. [24]”
From The more it is needed, the less it is wanted: Attitudes toward face-to-face intervention among depressed patients undergoing online treatment (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The interpretation of the total score is such that the score of 0–7 indicates normal, 8–16 denotes mild depression, 17–23 indicates moderate depression, and 24 and above denotes severe depression (42).”
From The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of alcohol use disorder among adult males: a randomized controlled trial comparing with acceptance and commitment therapy and treatment as usual (2023) · cites this paper as [42]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“While each of these instruments is well-validated for assessing overall suicide risk, none were developed to assess short-term changes in SI.”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“While each of these instruments is well-validated for assessing overall suicide risk, none were developed to assess short-term changes in SI.”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“For example, most of the literature exploring the anti-suicidal effects of ketamine used single items from the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS; specifically, Item 10) (23) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D; specifically, Item 3) (24) as well as longer, suicide-specific measures such as the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) (25) and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“The symptomatic severity of BD was evaluated with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) (26) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (27). To make sure the quality and reliability of the assessment, it was performed by the same well-trained researcher (Zhaoyu Gan) on all the cases.”
From Are serum levels of inflammatory markers associated with the severity of symptoms of bipolar disorder? (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Studies suggest that tobacco smokers have higher β2*-nAChR availability compared with non-smokers in non-psychiatric populations (34) which normalizes by 6–12 weeks of abstinence (44).”
From Persistent β 2 *-Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptor Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“In addition, the severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) [26].”
From Plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and related primary fatty acid amides in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“several symptom scales were developed for use within clinical samples only and may vary minimally in undiagnosed participants [12], [13]”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“several symptom scales were developed for use within clinical samples only and may vary minimally in undiagnosed participants [12], [13]”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“We chose daily evening administration to model the normal circadian variation in endogenous leptin, which is characterized by a pulsatile circadian rhythm with marked nocturnal rise (19).”
From Phenotypic effects of leptin replacement on morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and behavior in leptin-deficient adults (2004) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“The HDRS-17 (33), one of the methods most commonly employed to measures change in depressive symptoms severity in treatment for depression clinical trials, was derived from the HDRS-28, and used as dependent variable.”
From Monitoring Changes in Depression Severity Using Wearable and Mobile Sensors (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Baseline depression severity [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAMD (92)] predicted EMA-assessed sad mood and negative thoughts (incl. suicidal ideation) (81).”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [92]
In the citing paper
“the degree of depression was established using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (Table 1) [12].”
From Home-based psychiatric outpatient care through videoconferencing for depression: a randomized controlled follow-up trial (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
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Citations
Cites
Hamilton, M., and White, J. (1959). J. ment. Sci., 105, 955.
Hamilton, M. ;. W. (1959) · J. ment. Sci
UnresolvedUnpublished data
Hamilton, M. ;. W. (1960)
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Changes in Plasma Cholesterol in Mood Disorder Patients: Does Treatment Make a Difference?
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Association of amygdala volumes with cortisol secretion in unipolar depressed patients
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“Engage” therapy: Prediction of change of late-life major depression
Alexopoulos, G. S., O’Neil, R., Banerjee, S., Raue, P. J., Victoria, L. W., Bress, J. N., Pollari, C., & Arean, P. A. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.037 · Cited by 25
Resilience predicts remission in antidepressant treatment of geriatric depression
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“The severity of depression was assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) that is a common tool in clinical trials [32].”
MethodNarrative identity in psychopathology: A negative past and a bright but foreshortened future
Jensen, R. A. A., Thomsen, D. K., Bliksted, V. F., & Ladegaard, N. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113103 · Cited by 26
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Ketamine vs midazolam: Mood improvement reduces suicidal ideation in depression
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“COVID-19 N = 252 adults with COVID-19 Mild to moderate depressive or anxiety symptoms (HAMD, score ≥ 7; HAMA score ≥7) Age (range: 18–75 years) cCBT + TAU (n = 126): 56% female TAU (n = 126): 46% female Online Primary outcomes: Symptoms of depression: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAMD [64] Symptoms of Anxiety: Ha…”
MethodInfluentialGalantamine as an Adjunctive Treatment in Major Depression
Elgamal, S., & MacQueen, G. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318172756c · Cited by 25
Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Depression: A Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Comparative Study
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“I),[16] Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17 item),[17] Arizona Sexual Experiences (ASEX) Scale,[18] and Female Sexual”
BackgroundMethodCosta, A., Riça, L., van de Bilt, M., Zandonadi, F., Gattaz, W., Talib, L., & Sussulini, A. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13050600 · Cited by 25
“Legend: SZ = schizophrenia; BD = bipolar disorder; CT = healthy controls; M = male; F = female; SD = standard deviation; PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; HAM-D = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale.”
MethodCladder-Micus, M. B., van Aalderen, J., Donders, A. R. T., Spijker, J., Vrijsen, J. N., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2018) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1285753 · Cited by 26
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Psychotherapy for depression in children and adolescents
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“Some college 25% (5) - College graduate 40% (8) - College + 30% (6) - YBOCS Total 21.4 (4.06) 18-29 HAM-A 6.55 (5.84) 0-16 HAM-D 6.50 (5.80) 0-20 Comorbidities (N): Major depressive episode (5), panic disorder (2), agoraphobia (2), social phobia (2), post-traumatic stress disorder (2), substance dependence/abuse (2),…”
MethodInfluentialMindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Late-Life Depression: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Shih, V. W., Chan, W.-C., Tai, O.-K., Wong, H.-L., Cheng, C. P., & Wong, C. S. (2021) · East Asian Archives of Psychiatry · doi:10.12809/eaap2075 · Cited by 23
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Interpersonal psychotherapy for co-occurring depression and chronic pain.
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Facebook Enhances Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy Effects
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Guided self-help for depression in autistic adults: The ADEPT feasibility RCT
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“6), 29 Ethnicity: white 33/35 (94) 33/34 (97) Accommodation type: owner-occupied 11/31 (35) 14/34 (41) Residential status: primary tenant/leaseholder 17/30 (57) 11/33 (33) Education: GCSE or above 28/31 (90) 33/34 (97) Employment status: paid or voluntary employment or training (full- or part-time) 17/32 (53) 15/33 (4…”
Sun, T., Chen, Q., & Li, Y. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03509-3 · Cited by 19
“Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) by a long-term trained psychologist [31].”
MethodCuoco, S., Nisticò, V., Cappiello, A., Scannapieco, S., Gambini, O., Barone, P., Erro, R., & Demartini, B. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110539 · Cited by 22
SSRI Treatment Response Prediction in Depression Based on Brain Activation by Emotional Stimuli
Preuss, A., Bolliger, B., Schicho, W., Hättenschwiler, J., Seifritz, E., Brühl, A. B., & Herwig, U. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.538393 · Cited by 22
“Questionnaires Additionally to the self-rating instrument BDI, a psychiatrist evaluated the scores for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D, (28) and the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS, (29)], and the participants also completed a handedness questionnaire (Annett Hand Preference Questionna…”
MethodLeopold, K., Bauer, M., Bechdolf, A., Correll, C. U., Holtmann, M., Juckel, G., Lambert, M., Meyer, T. D., Pfeiffer, S., Kittel‐Schneider, S., et al. (2020) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12894 · Cited by 23
Methodology and preliminary results from the neurobiology of late-life depression study
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Acute tryptophan depletion and sweet food consumption by overweight adults
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Lenze, E. J., Dixon, D., Nowotny, P., Lotrich, F. E., Doré, P. M., Pollock, B. G., Hinrichs, A. L., & Butters, M. A. (2013) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145712000351 · Cited by 23
Wooderson, S. C., Fekadu, A., Markopoulou, K., Rane, L. J., Poon, L., Juruena, M. F., Strawbridge, R., & Cleare, A. J. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.013 · Cited by 22
Serra-Blasco, M., de Diego-Adeliño, J., Vives-Gilabert, Y., Trujols, J., Puigdemont, D., Carceller-Sindreu, M., Pérez, V., Álvarez, E., & Portella, M. J. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22522 · Cited by 21
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Yoga is effective in treating symptoms of Gulf War illness: A randomized clinical trial
Bayley, P. J., Schulz-Heik, R. J., Cho, R., Mathersul, D., Collery, L., Shankar, K., Ashford, J. W., Jennings, J. S., Tang, J., Wong, M. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.024 · Cited by 20
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Psychological therapies for depression in older adults residing in long-term care settings
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Lifetime romantic attachment style and social adaptation in late‐onset depression
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Gan, Z., Wu, X., Liao, Y., Wu, Y., He, Z., Yang, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.239 · Cited by 20
Mental Pain Questionnaire: An item response theory analysis
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Flores-Ramos, M., Alcauter, S., López-Titla, M., Bernal-Santamaría, N., Calva-Coraza, E., & Edden, R. A. E. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.033 · Cited by 21
Actigraphy in patients with treatment-resistant depression undergoing electroconvulsive therapy
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Anhedonia in schizophrenia: the role of subjective experiences
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A factor analytic study in bipolar depression, and response to lamotrigine
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Social support increases in the year after inpatient treatment of depression
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Are patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder generally more doubtful? Doubt is warranted!
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Design characteristics that influence attrition in geriatric antidepressant trials: meta‐analysis
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Cognitive Control as a 5-HT1A-Based Domain That Is Disrupted in Major Depressive Disorder
Langenecker, S. A., Mickey, B. J., Eichhammer, P., Sen, S., Elverman, K. H., Kennedy, S. E., Heitzeg, M. M., Ribeiro, S. M., Love, T. M., Hsu, D. T., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00691 · Cited by 18
“HC subjects were required to be below 5 and MDD subjects above 15 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression for study entry [HRSD, 17 item scale (Hamilton, 1960)], using conservative thresholds for sensitivity and specificity (Naarding et al.”
MethodJensen, R. A. A., Thomsen, D. K., Lind, M., Ladegaard, N., & Bliksted, V. F. (2021) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001302 · Cited by 20
“A central *Department of Psychology and Behavioural Science and †Center on Autobiographical Memory Research (CONAMORE), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; ‡Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; §Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C; and ||Depression and Anxie…”
MethodInfluentialModafinil enhances alerting-related brain activity in attention networks
Ikeda, Y., Funayama, T., Tateno, A., Fukayama, H., Okubo, Y., & Suzuki, H. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4614-9 · Cited by 19
Wu, X., Chen, Z., Liao, Y., Yang, Z., Liang, X., Guan, N., & Gan, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1063479 · Cited by 23
“The symptomatic severity of BD was evaluated with the 17- item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) (26) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (27).”
MethodCreativity in persons at‐risk for bipolar disorder—A pilot study
Burkhardt, E., Pfennig, A., Breitling, G., Pfeiffer, S., Sauer, C., Bechdolf, A., Correll, C. U., Bauer, M., & Leopold, K. (2019) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12748 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Hamilton, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hamilton, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1960-02-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 56-62
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC495331
- OpenAlex
- W2114613490
- Semantic Scholar
- b292a2f25e64c16d40374236c95475d44a2c0bd1
- Cited by
- 32,817
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1044 · 2025: 1239 · 2024: 1266 · 2023: 1197 · 2022: 1212 · 2021: 1286 · 2020: 1248 · 2019: 1096 · 2018: 1125 · 2017: 1043 · 2016: 1124 · 2015: 1146 · 2014: 1189 · 2013: 1172 · 2012: 1038
- FWCI
- 20.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- depression, rating scales, depression assessment, psychometric assessment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Psychometrics
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