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A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION
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In the citing paper
“Mothers were deemed eligible if they had a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria, received a score ≥ 15 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D 25-item version)[33] and were the custodial parent of a 7–18-year-old child receiving psychiatric treatment for an internalizing disorder.”
From ROLE OF MATERNAL CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON PARENTING AMONG DEPRESSED MOTHERS OF PSYCHIATRICALLY ILL CHILDREN: Research Article: Maternal Depression and Childhood Trauma (2013) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is in accordance with Aaron Beck's famous contention that depression is not only manifested in a negative self-appraisal but also involves negative cognitions about the world and the future.”
From The more it is needed, the less it is wanted: Attitudes toward face-to-face intervention among depressed patients undergoing online treatment (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“greater depression severity, as assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; Hamilton, 1960), was an independent predictor of TSST-induced increases in both IL-6 and NFκ B while adjusting for the effects of early life stress on inflammatory activity”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Hamilton, 1960
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The Hamilton Rating Scales for Anxiety (HAM‐A) (Hamilton, 1959) and Depression (HAM‐D, 17‐item version) (Hamilton, 1960) were used to quantify the degree of anxiety and depression, respectively.”
From Differences in response inhibition between medication-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without sensory phenomena (2026) · cites this paper as Hamilton, 1960
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The HAM-D consists of 21 items but is scored on the first 17 items.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The higher the score, the greater the severity of depressive symptoms.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The HAM-D is an observer-administered instrument to assess the severity of depressive symptoms.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies with psychiatric samples show substantial correlation coefficients for BDI and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS; [23] ) ranging from r = .61 to .81; the mean correlation coefficient is r = .73. [22] Internal consistency for both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric populations is above .8. [24]”
From The more it is needed, the less it is wanted: Attitudes toward face-to-face intervention among depressed patients undergoing online treatment (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The interpretation of the total score is such that the score of 0–7 indicates normal, 8–16 denotes mild depression, 17–23 indicates moderate depression, and 24 and above denotes severe depression (42).”
From The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of alcohol use disorder among adult males: a randomized controlled trial comparing with acceptance and commitment therapy and treatment as usual (2023) · cites this paper as [42]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“While each of these instruments is well-validated for assessing overall suicide risk, none were developed to assess short-term changes in SI.”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“While each of these instruments is well-validated for assessing overall suicide risk, none were developed to assess short-term changes in SI.”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“For example, most of the literature exploring the anti-suicidal effects of ketamine used single items from the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS; specifically, Item 10) (23) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D; specifically, Item 3) (24) as well as longer, suicide-specific measures such as the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) (25) and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“The symptomatic severity of BD was evaluated with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) (26) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (27). To make sure the quality and reliability of the assessment, it was performed by the same well-trained researcher (Zhaoyu Gan) on all the cases.”
From Are serum levels of inflammatory markers associated with the severity of symptoms of bipolar disorder? (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Studies suggest that tobacco smokers have higher β2*-nAChR availability compared with non-smokers in non-psychiatric populations (34) which normalizes by 6–12 weeks of abstinence (44).”
From Persistent β 2 *-Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptor Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“In addition, the severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) [26].”
From Plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and related primary fatty acid amides in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“several symptom scales were developed for use within clinical samples only and may vary minimally in undiagnosed participants [12], [13]”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“several symptom scales were developed for use within clinical samples only and may vary minimally in undiagnosed participants [12], [13]”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“We chose daily evening administration to model the normal circadian variation in endogenous leptin, which is characterized by a pulsatile circadian rhythm with marked nocturnal rise (19).”
From Phenotypic effects of leptin replacement on morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and behavior in leptin-deficient adults (2004) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“The HDRS-17 (33), one of the methods most commonly employed to measures change in depressive symptoms severity in treatment for depression clinical trials, was derived from the HDRS-28, and used as dependent variable.”
From Monitoring Changes in Depression Severity Using Wearable and Mobile Sensors (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Baseline depression severity [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAMD (92)] predicted EMA-assessed sad mood and negative thoughts (incl. suicidal ideation) (81).”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [92]
In the citing paper
“the degree of depression was established using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (Table 1) [12].”
From Home-based psychiatric outpatient care through videoconferencing for depression: a randomized controlled follow-up trial (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
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Citations
Cites
Hamilton, M., and White, J. (1959). J. ment. Sci., 105, 955.
Hamilton, M. ;. W. (1959) · J. ment. Sci
UnresolvedUnpublished data
Hamilton, M. ;. W. (1960)
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“The HAMD-17 was administered by the study therapists.”
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“The independent variables in both the binary logistic regression and the multiple regression analysis included the following: Altered FC of the RN in SSRI nonresponders compared to responders; demographic characteristics that showed differences between the two groups (i.e., age, IQ, years of education, DOI); and basel…”
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“The evaluation included the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAMD-17, Hamilton 1960), and only subjects with moderate to severe depressive symptoms were included.”
MethodCui, H., Zhang, B., Li, W., Li, H., Pang, J., Hu, Q., Zhang, L., Tang, Y., Yang, Z., Wang, J., et al. (2020) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23009 · Cited by 38
“The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) age ranging from 18 to 50 years, (b) ≥6 years of education, (c) first‐episode, drug‐naïve GAD, (d) Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA; Hamilton, 1959) score ≥14, and (e) Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD; Hamilton, 1960) score <14.”
BackgroundFitzgerald, J. M., Gorka, S. M., Kujawa, A., DiGangi, J. A., Proescher, E., Greenstein, J. E., Aase, D. M., Schroth, C., Afshar, K., Kennedy, A. E., et al. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.005 · Cited by 37
Cognitive behavioral group therapy versus psychoeducational intervention in Parkinson’s disease
Berardelli, I., Bloise, M. C., Bologna, M., Conte, A., Pompili, M., Lamis, D., Pasquini, M., & Fabbrini, G. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s152221 · Cited by 37
Do, A., Li, V. W., Huang, S., Michalak, E. E., Tam, E. M., Chakrabarty, T., Yatham, L. N., & Lam, R. W. (2022) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/07067437221097903 · Cited by 37
Response of Emotional Unawareness After Stroke to Antidepressant Treatment
Spalletta, G., Ripa, A., Bria, P., Caltagirone, C., & Robinson, R. G. (2006) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.jgp.0000194647.72654.a1 · Cited by 37
Nonverbal memory dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with checking compulsions
Cha, K. R., Koo, M.-S., Kim, C.-H., Kim, J. W., Oh, W.-J., Suh, H. S., & Lee, H. S. (2008) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20377 · Cited by 36
Gains in employment status following antidepressant medication or cognitive therapy for depression
Fournier, J. C., DeRubeis, R. J., Amsterdam, J., Shelton, R. C., & Hollon, S. D. (2015) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.133694 · Cited by 36
Thomsen, M. S., Ruocco, A. C., Carcone, D., Mathiesen, B. B., & Simonsen, E. (2017) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2016_30_265 · Cited by 34
Personalised intervention for people with depression and severe COPD
Alexopoulos, G. S., Kiosses, D. N., Sirey, J. A., Kanellopoulos, D., Novitch, R. S., Ghosh, S., Seirup, J. K., & Raue, P. J. (2013) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.120139 · Cited by 35
Kasckow, J., Montross, L., Golshan, S., Mohamed, S., Patterson, T., Sollanzano, E., & Zisook, S. (2007) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1817 · Cited by 36
Brown, E. S., Todd, J. P., Hu, L. T., Schmitz, J. M., Carmody, T. J., Nakamura, A., Sunderajan, P., Rush, A. J., Adinoff, B., Bret, M. E., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14070857 · Cited by 36
Neuroimaging findings as predictors of treatment outcome of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders
Santos, V. A., Carvalho, D. D., Van Ameringen, M., Nardi, A. E., & Freire, R. C. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.001 · Cited by 34
“The LSAS-SR the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA; Hamilton, 1959) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD; Hamilton, 1960) were used to measure anxiety and depression symptom intensity.”
Sverdlov, O., Curcic, J., Hannesdottir, K., Gou, L., De Luca, V., Ambrosetti, F., Zhang, B., Praestgaard, J., Vallejo, V., Dolman, A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.640741 · Cited by 34
“For instance, in major depressive disorder, conventional efficacy measures include the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) (2) and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (3), which are subjective clinician rating scales.”
MethodInfluentialHashash, J. G., Knisely, M. R., Germain, A., McAuliff, K., Strassburger, M., Vachon, A., Binion, D. G., Regueiro, M., Wallace, M., & Szigethy, E. (2022) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.047 · Cited by 37
Jacob, R., Clare, I. C. H., Holland, A., Watson, P. C., Maimaris, C., & Gunn, M. (2005) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emj.2004.018671 · Cited by 36
Two Behavioral Interventions for Patients with Major Depression and Severe COPD
Alexopoulos, G. S., Sirey, J. A., Banerjee, S., Kiosses, D. N., Pollari, C., Novitch, R. S., Artis, A., & Raue, P. J. (2016) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.07.014 · Cited by 33
“Participants were required to have the diagnosis of COPD, meet DSM-IV criteria (14) for unipolar major depression, and have a score of 20 or greater on 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D).(15) Patients were excluded if they had DSM-IV diagnoses other than unipolar major depression, significant cognitive i…”
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale validation in older adults
Andreescu, C., Belnap, B. H., Rollman, B. L., Houck, P., Ciliberti, C., Mazumdar, S., Shear, M. K., & Lenze, E. J. (2008) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31817c6aab · Cited by 35
Quetiapine monotherapy in bipolar II depression: combined data from four large, randomized studies
Young, A. H., Calabrese, J. R., Gustafsson, U., Berk, M., McElroy, S. L., Thase, M. E., Suppes, T., & Earley, W. (2013) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/2194-7511-1-10 · Cited by 35
Yang, Y., Chattun, M. R., Yan, R., Zhao, K., Chen, Y., Zhu, R., Shi, J., Wang, X., Lu, Q., & Yao, Z. (2020) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00206-4 · Cited by 35
“On the day of MRI scanning, the 17- item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) (Hamilton 1960) and Nurses’ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR) scale (Cutcliffe and Barker 2004) were used to evaluate the depression severity and suicide risk in patients with MDD.”
MethodInfluentialBrief Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT-B): Overview and Review of Evidence
Swartz, H. A., Grote, N. K., & Graham, P. (2014) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2014.68.4.443 · Cited by 35
Breedvelt, J. J. F., Kandola, A., Kousoulis, A. A., Brouwer, M. E., Karyotaki, E., Bockting, C. L. H., & Cuijpers, P. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.010 · Cited by 35
“, 2004), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale <20 (Hamilton, 1960), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) <10 (Kroenke et al.”
Psychomotor Changes in Major Depressive Disorder during Sertraline Treatment
Schrijvers, D., Maas, Y. J., Pier, M. P. B. I., Madani, Y., Hulstijn, W., & Sabbe, B. G. C. (2009) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000205516 · Cited by 36
Cortisol response to psychosocial stress during a depressive episode and remission
Morris, M. C., & Rao, U. (2014) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2013.857398 · Cited by 34
Pearson, K. A., Watkins, E. R., Kuyken, W., & Mullan, E. G. (2010) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466509x480553 · Cited by 34
Relationship of Age, Age at Onset, and Sex to Depression in Older Adults
Lavretsky, H., Lesser, I. M., Wohl, M., & Miller, B. L. (1998) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-199808000-00007 · Cited by 56
Gray matter volumetric study of major depression and suicidal behavior
Rizk, M. M., Rubin-Falcone, H., Lin, X., Keilp, J. G., Miller, J. M., Milak, M. S., Sublette, M. E., Oquendo, M. A., Ogden, R. T., Abdelfadeel, N. A., et al. (2019) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.11.007 · Cited by 35
“That was true when including BDI score (F(2, 80) = 5.887, p = 0.004), HDRS score (F(2, 82) = 5.367, p = 0.006), SSI score (F(2, 81) = 7.311, p = 0.001), BIS score (F(2, 65) = 6.633, p = 0.002), B-G score (F(2, 76) = 4.438, p = 0.015), Stroop task interference (F(2, 84) = 5.290, p = 0.007) and time since most recent at…”
InfluentialA randomized controlled pilot trial of vilazodone for adult separation anxiety disorder
Schneier, F. R., Moskow, D. M., Choo, T.-H., Galfalvy, H., Campeas, R., & Sanchez-Lacay, A. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22693 · Cited by 35
Liebowitz, M. R., Salman, E., Nicolini, H., Rosenthal, N., Hanover, R., & Monti, L. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.12101342 · Cited by 36
McIntyre, R. S., Weiller, E., Zhang, P., & Weiss, C. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.013 · Cited by 36
CBT for pharmacotherapy non-remitters—a systematic review of a next-step strategy
Rodrigues, H., Figueira, I., Gonçalves, R., Mendlowicz, M., Macedo, T., & Ventura, P. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.08.025 · Cited by 35
Metadata
- Authors
- Hamilton, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hamilton, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1960-02-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 56-62
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC495331
- OpenAlex
- W2114613490
- Semantic Scholar
- b292a2f25e64c16d40374236c95475d44a2c0bd1
- Cited by
- 32,817
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1044 · 2025: 1239 · 2024: 1266 · 2023: 1197 · 2022: 1212 · 2021: 1286 · 2020: 1248 · 2019: 1096 · 2018: 1125 · 2017: 1043 · 2016: 1124 · 2015: 1146 · 2014: 1189 · 2013: 1172 · 2012: 1038
- FWCI
- 20.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- depression, rating scales, depression assessment, psychometric assessment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Psychometrics
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