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A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION
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“Mothers were deemed eligible if they had a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria, received a score ≥ 15 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D 25-item version)[33] and were the custodial parent of a 7–18-year-old child receiving psychiatric treatment for an internalizing disorder.”
From ROLE OF MATERNAL CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON PARENTING AMONG DEPRESSED MOTHERS OF PSYCHIATRICALLY ILL CHILDREN: Research Article: Maternal Depression and Childhood Trauma (2013) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is in accordance with Aaron Beck's famous contention that depression is not only manifested in a negative self-appraisal but also involves negative cognitions about the world and the future.”
From The more it is needed, the less it is wanted: Attitudes toward face-to-face intervention among depressed patients undergoing online treatment (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“greater depression severity, as assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; Hamilton, 1960), was an independent predictor of TSST-induced increases in both IL-6 and NFκ B while adjusting for the effects of early life stress on inflammatory activity”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Hamilton, 1960
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The Hamilton Rating Scales for Anxiety (HAM‐A) (Hamilton, 1959) and Depression (HAM‐D, 17‐item version) (Hamilton, 1960) were used to quantify the degree of anxiety and depression, respectively.”
From Differences in response inhibition between medication-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without sensory phenomena (2026) · cites this paper as Hamilton, 1960
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The HAM-D consists of 21 items but is scored on the first 17 items.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The higher the score, the greater the severity of depressive symptoms.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The HAM-D is an observer-administered instrument to assess the severity of depressive symptoms.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies with psychiatric samples show substantial correlation coefficients for BDI and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS; [23] ) ranging from r = .61 to .81; the mean correlation coefficient is r = .73. [22] Internal consistency for both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric populations is above .8. [24]”
From The more it is needed, the less it is wanted: Attitudes toward face-to-face intervention among depressed patients undergoing online treatment (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The interpretation of the total score is such that the score of 0–7 indicates normal, 8–16 denotes mild depression, 17–23 indicates moderate depression, and 24 and above denotes severe depression (42).”
From The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of alcohol use disorder among adult males: a randomized controlled trial comparing with acceptance and commitment therapy and treatment as usual (2023) · cites this paper as [42]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“While each of these instruments is well-validated for assessing overall suicide risk, none were developed to assess short-term changes in SI.”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“While each of these instruments is well-validated for assessing overall suicide risk, none were developed to assess short-term changes in SI.”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“For example, most of the literature exploring the anti-suicidal effects of ketamine used single items from the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS; specifically, Item 10) (23) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D; specifically, Item 3) (24) as well as longer, suicide-specific measures such as the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) (25) and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“The symptomatic severity of BD was evaluated with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) (26) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (27). To make sure the quality and reliability of the assessment, it was performed by the same well-trained researcher (Zhaoyu Gan) on all the cases.”
From Are serum levels of inflammatory markers associated with the severity of symptoms of bipolar disorder? (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Studies suggest that tobacco smokers have higher β2*-nAChR availability compared with non-smokers in non-psychiatric populations (34) which normalizes by 6–12 weeks of abstinence (44).”
From Persistent β 2 *-Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptor Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“In addition, the severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) [26].”
From Plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and related primary fatty acid amides in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“several symptom scales were developed for use within clinical samples only and may vary minimally in undiagnosed participants [12], [13]”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“several symptom scales were developed for use within clinical samples only and may vary minimally in undiagnosed participants [12], [13]”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“We chose daily evening administration to model the normal circadian variation in endogenous leptin, which is characterized by a pulsatile circadian rhythm with marked nocturnal rise (19).”
From Phenotypic effects of leptin replacement on morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and behavior in leptin-deficient adults (2004) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“The HDRS-17 (33), one of the methods most commonly employed to measures change in depressive symptoms severity in treatment for depression clinical trials, was derived from the HDRS-28, and used as dependent variable.”
From Monitoring Changes in Depression Severity Using Wearable and Mobile Sensors (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Baseline depression severity [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAMD (92)] predicted EMA-assessed sad mood and negative thoughts (incl. suicidal ideation) (81).”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [92]
In the citing paper
“the degree of depression was established using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (Table 1) [12].”
From Home-based psychiatric outpatient care through videoconferencing for depression: a randomized controlled follow-up trial (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
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Citations
Cites
Hamilton, M., and White, J. (1959). J. ment. Sci., 105, 955.
Hamilton, M. ;. W. (1959) · J. ment. Sci
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Hamilton, M. ;. W. (1960)
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Skill Acquisition During Transdiagnostic Treatment With the Unified Protocol
Sauer-Zavala, S., Rosellini, A. J., Bentley, K. H., Ametaj, A. A., Boswell, J. F., Cassiello-Robbins, C., Wilner Tirpak, J., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2021) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2021.03.001 · Cited by 22
Classification, disability and the public health agenda
Lewis, G., & Araya, R. (2001) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/57.1.3 · Cited by 18
Effects of Antidepressant Treatment on Sleep EEG in Depression
Armitage, R. (1996) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/026988119601001s01 · Cited by 18
Outcome in depression (I): why symptomatic remission is not good enough
Demyttenaere, K., Kiekens, G., Bruffaerts, R., Mortier, P., Gorwood, P., Martin, L., & Di Giannantonio, M. (2021) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852920001418 · Cited by 17
Miegel, F., Demiralay, C., Moritz, S., Wirtz, J., Hottenrott, B., & Jelinek, L. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02648-3 · Cited by 18
“Inventory-II (BDI-II) [88] and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) [70], which focus on different facets of depression.”
MethodInfluentialNikolaou, K., Kapoukranidou, D., Ndungu, S., Floros, G., & Kovatsi, L. (2017) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1312644 · Cited by 18
Gemar, M. C., Segal, Z. V., Mayberg, H. S., Goldapple, K., & Carney, C. (2007) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20242 · Cited by 17
Avoidant coping in panic disorder: A yohimbine biological challenge study
Kaplan, J. S., Arnkoff, D. B., Glass, C. R., Tinsley, R., Geraci, M., Hernandez, E., Luckenbaugh, D., Drevets, W. C., & Carlson, P. J. (2012) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2011.609587 · Cited by 17
Vollbehr, N. K., Hoenders, H. J. R., Bartels‐Velthuis, A. A., Nauta, M. H., Castelein, S., Schroevers, M. J., Stant, A. D., de Jong, P. J., & Ostafin, B. D. (2020) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1820 · Cited by 16
“The primary outcome consists of (a) depression symptoms assessed by clinician-administered (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; Hamilton, 1960) and self-reported (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, short form [DASS-sf]; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) measures of depression and (b) the presence/absence of a diagnosis of MDD,…”
MethodInfluentialNg, L. C., Petruzzi, L. J., Greene, M. C., Mueser, K. T., Borba, C. P. C., & Henderson, D. C. (2016) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000523 · Cited by 17
Greenberg, J., Shapero, B. G., Mischoulon, D., & Lazar, S. W. (2017) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-016-0746-x · Cited by 17
Depression and major weight gain: A 6-year prospective follow-up of outpatients
Heiskanen, T. H., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Niskanen, L. K., Lehto, S. M., Honkalampi, K. M., Hintikka, J. J., & Viinamäki, H. T. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.02.001 · Cited by 17
Hadlandsmyth, K., Dindo, L. N., St. Marie, B. J., Wajid, R., Embree, J. L., Noiseux, N. O., Tripp-Reimer, T., Zimmerman, M. B., & Rakel, B. A. (2020) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278719856406 · Cited by 17
“The specific criteria for inclusion in the parent study were severe preoperative pain ( 7 on a 0–10 scale) or greater than mild pain ( 3 on a 0–10 scale) with elevated anxiety or depression (assessed with the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales: Hamilton, 1959, 1960).”
BackgroundCleare, A. J., Kerr-Gaffney, J., Goldsmith, K., Zenasni, Z., Yaziji, N., Jin, H., Colasanti, A., Geddes, J. R., Kessler, D., McAllister-Williams, R. H., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(25)00028-8 · Cited by 18
Schwarz, R., Munkholm, K., Christensen, M. S., Kessing, L. V., & Vinberg, M. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.054 · Cited by 17
Jacmon, J., Malouff, J., & Taylor, N. (2010) · E-Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.7790/ejap.v5i2.153 · Cited by 17
Kurczewska, E., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, E., Jasińska-Mikołajczyk, A., Chłopocka-Woźniak, M., & Rybakowski, J. K. (2019) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-0695-9138 · Cited by 17
Claudino, F. C. D. A., Gonçalves, L., Schuch, F. B., Martins, H. R. S., & Rocha, N. S. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00445 · Cited by 17
“Frontiers in Psychiatry | www.frontiersin.org May 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 4455 Koch et al. (20) 27 (12/ 15) Not randomized Without medication Inpatient and outpatient 12-16 sessions (6 weeks) Plasma HAMD Silva et al. (25) 42 (7/35) Randomized clinical trial Without medication Outpatient 16 sessions (12 weeks) Serum…”
MethodTrombello, J. M., Pizzagalli, D. A., Weissman, M. M., Grannemann, B. D., Cooper, C. M., Greer, T. L., Malchow, A. L., Jha, M. K., Carmody, T. J., Kurian, B. T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.003 · Cited by 16
Sepede, G., Di lorio, G., Lupi, M., Sarchione, F., Acciavatti, T., Fiori, F., Santacroce, R., Martinotti, G., Gambi, F., & Di Giannantonio, M. (2014) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0000000000000011 · Cited by 16
Markell, H. M., Newman, M. G., Gallop, R., Gibbons, M. B. C., Rickels, K., & Crits-Christoph, P. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.02.008 · Cited by 16
Reddy, S., Fayyad, R., Edgar, C. J., Guico-Pabia, C. J., & Wesnes, K. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116631649 · Cited by 17
Mood and Activity Measured Using Smartphones in Unipolar Depressive Disorder
Tønning, M. L., Faurholt-Jepsen, M., Frost, M., Bardram, J. E., & Kessing, L. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.701360 · Cited by 17
“We found four statistically significant results among 30 analyses, with a high risk of chance findings: As hypothesized, higher HDRS-17 total scores were associated with a higher number of times the screen was turned on and longer duration of phone calls, whereas, higher scores on HDRS item 9 (agitation) were associated…”
MethodInfluentialPoleshuck, E. L., Gamble, S. A., Bellenger, K., Lu, N., Tu, X., Sörensen, S., Giles, D. E., & Talbot, N. L. (2014) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.07.016 · Cited by 16
Treatment dropout among veterans and their families: Quantitative and qualitative findings.
Amsalem, D., Lopez-Yianilos, A., Lowell, A., Pickover, A. M., Arnon, S., Zhu, X., Suarez-Jimenez, B., Ryba, M., Bergman, M., Such, S., et al. (2022) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001109 · Cited by 16
Russell, A., Cooper, K., Barton, S., Ensum, I., Gaunt, D., Horwood, J., Ingham, B., Kessler, D., Metcalfe, C., Parr, J., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019545 · Cited by 16
Roddy, D. W., Roman, E., Rooney, S., Andrews, S., Farrell, C., Doolin, K., Levins, K. J., Tozzi, L., Tierney, P., Barry, D., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00039 · Cited by 16
The Rothschild scale for antidepressant tachyphylaxis: reliability and validity
Rothschild, A. J. (2008) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.03.002 · Cited by 15
Szabó, C., Németh, A., & Kéri, S. (2013) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.04.001 · Cited by 15
Berlim, M. T., Mcgirr, A., Beaulieu, M.-M., & Turecki, G. (2012) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2011.615861 · Cited by 15
Do antidepressants change personality?—A five-year observational study
Jylhä, P., Ketokivi, M., Mantere, O., Melartin, T., Holma, M., Rytsälä, H., & Isometsä, E. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.026 · Cited by 16
Heim, C., Newport, D. J., Bonsall, R., Miller, A. H., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2003) · Focus · doi:10.1176/foc.1.3.282 · Cited by 15
Outcome in depression (II): beyond the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
Demyttenaere, K., Kiekens, G., Bruffaerts, R., Mortier, P., Gorwood, P., Martin, L., & Di Giannantonio, M. (2021) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s109285292000142x · Cited by 16
“In the depressed patient group, the following instruments were administered at each visit (at baseline, and at visit 2 after 2weeks, visit 3 after 4weeks, and visit 4 after 8weeks of treatment): the CGII and PGI-I (only from visit 2 onward) both having scores between 1 (very much improved) and 7 (very much worsened),…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBraund, T. A., Palmer, D. M., Williams, L. M., & Harris, A. W. (2019) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867419835933 · Cited by 15
Bernik, M., Corregiari, F., Savoia, M. G., Barros Neto, T. P. D., Pinheiro, C., & Neto, F. L. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205809 · Cited by 16
Gibbons, C. R., Wiltsey Stirman, S., DeRubeis, R. J., Newman, C. F., & Beck, A. T. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9499-7 · Cited by 15
Politis, A. M., Papadimitriou, G. N., Theleritis, C. G., Psarros, C., & Soldatos, C. R. (2008) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.03.011 · Cited by 15
Holczer, A., Németh, V. L., Vékony, T., Kocsis, K., Király, A., Kincses, Z. T., Vécsei, L., Klivényi, P., & Must, A. (2021) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.001 · Cited by 15
Petersen, T. J., Pava, J. A., Buchin, J., Matthews, J. D., Papakostas, G. I., Nierenberg, A. A., Holmes, A. J., Bogdan, R., Graves, L. M., Harley, R. M., et al. (2010) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9166-6 · Cited by 14
Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Li, X., Li, K., Wang, B., Yang, Y., Song, R., Si, Y., Ni, T., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.083 · Cited by 14
Grover, S., Sahoo, S., Nehra, R., Chakrabarti, S., & Avasthi, A. (2017) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764017691314 · Cited by 14
Fischer-Kern, M., Tmej, A., Naderer, A., Zimmermann, J., & Nolte, T. (2022) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2021.2015794 · Cited by 14
“, 1994) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D; Hamilton, 1960) were used.”
MethodInfluentialVillegas García, L., Patró, E., Barbero, J. D., Esteve-Valverde, E., Palao, D. J., Soria, V., Labad, J., & Cobo, J. (2025) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107209 · Cited by 15
Hennings, J. M., Ising, M., Uhr, M., Holsboer, F., & Lucae, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.937582 · Cited by 13
Ang, Y.-S., Bruder, G. E., Keilp, J. G., Rutherford, A., Alschuler, D. M., Pechtel, P., Webb, C. A., Carmody, T., Fava, M., Cusin, C., et al. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720004286 · Cited by 12
“Patients were defined as responders if they completed at least 4 weeks of treatment and showed a decrease in HAMD17 score of ⩾50% at the last observation compared to when the treatment started.”
MethodInfluentialYavropoulou, M. P., Filippa, M. G., Vlachogiannis, N. I., Fragoulis, G. E., Laskari, K., Mantzou, A., Panopoulos, S., Fanouriakis, A., Bournia, V.-K., Evangelatos, G., et al. (2024) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003575 · Cited by 13
“In addition to clinical examination and DAS28 assessments, patients were asked to complete the Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire-14 27 and the Hamilton Rating Scale Questionnaire for depression, 28 both validated for the Greek population, 29–31 at baseline, 3 and 6 months.”
Testing a Moderated Mediation Model of MBCT’s Effects for Psoriasis Patients
Maddock, A., Hevey, D., D’Alton, P., & Kirby, B. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01249-w · Cited by 12
“The 9 studies reviewed by Gu et al. (2015) used either the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS, Hamilton 1960), the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Inventory (CES-D; Radloff 1977) or the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck et al. 1996).”
MethodChen, I.-P., Huang, C.-C., Huang, H.-C., Yang, F.-P. G., Ko, K.-T., Lee, Y.-T., Sun, F.-J., & Liu, S.-I. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912430 · Cited by 13
“HAMD-17 is a 17-item scale that assesses the overall levels of severity of depressive symptoms and responses to treatment [15].”
BackgroundMcCall, M. V., Riva-Posse, P., Garlow, S. J., Mayberg, H. S., & Crowell, A. L. (2020) · Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.002 · Cited by 13
“Commonly, scales such as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) (Hamilton, 1960) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Beck et al., 1996) have been used to measure the antidepressant efficacy of DBS.”
MethodC-reactive protein level in late-onset depression: A case–control study
Mishra, D., Sardesai, U., & Razdan, R. (2018) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_127_17 · Cited by 13
“Max Hamilton originally published the scale in 1960, increasing scores correlate well with severity of depressive episode.[16] Atherosclerosis process increases with age and also increases stroke risk.”
BackgroundKudo, Y., Nakagawa, A., Wake, T., Ishikawa, N., Kurata, C., Nakahara, M., Nojima, T., & Mimura, M. (2016) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s123788 · Cited by 13
Thompson, R. G., Oliveto, A., Thostenson, J. D., Wilson, M. P., McGaugh, J., & Mancino, M. J. (2021) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211050563 · Cited by 12
“Secondary outcome measures included Hamilton Depression (HAM-D; Hamilton, 1960) and Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A; Hamilton, 1959) Scales, the Stroop Color Word Test (Golden, 1978), and vital signs.”
Carmi, L., Alyagon, U., Barnea-Ygael, N., Zohar, J., Zangen, A., & Dar, R. (2019) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.07.240 · Cited by 10
Kyrios, M., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., Klein, B., Austin, D., Meyer, D., & Ahern, C. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-209 · Cited by 12
“Mental health Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) [59] x x X”
MethodZheng, W., Gu, L.-M., Zhou, Y.-L., Wang, C.-Y., Lan, X.-F., Zhang, B., Shi, H.-S., Wang, D.-F., & Ning, Y.-P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.780975 · Cited by 12
“In this study, each patient was required to score ≥ 17 points on the 17-itemHamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) (28, 29), experiencing TRD defined as failure to respond to at least two pharmacological therapies for the current MDE (30).”
MethodKöhnen, M., Kriston, L., Härter, M., Dirmaier, J., & Liebherz, S. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028042 · Cited by 10
Urine 3-Nitrotyrosine and serum HDL as potential biomarkers of depression
Nobis, A., Zalewski, D., Samaryn, E., Maciejczyk, M., Zalewska, A., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12010377 · Cited by 12
“Patients qualified in this way were then assessed with the use of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [28], the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) [29], and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) [30].”
MethodCyranowski, J. M., Swartz, H. A., Hofkens, T. L., & Frank, E. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20515 · Cited by 12
Newman, M. G., Shin, K. E., & Lanza, S. T. (2019) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000385 · Cited by 12
“The original HDRS is a 17-item interviewer-rated measure of depression (Hamilton, 1960).”
BackgroundQuality of life after response to acute-phase cognitive therapy for recurrent depression
Vittengl, J. R., Jha, M. K., Minhajuddin, A., Thase, M. E., & Jarrett, R. B. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.059 · Cited by 12
“Beyond the Hamilton Depression scores in long-term treatment of manic-melancholic patients: Prediction of recurrence of depression by quality of life measurements.”
MethodInfluentialA phase I trial of accelerated intermittent theta burst rTMS for amnestic MCI
Aghamoosa, S., Lopez, J., Rbeiz, K., Fleischmann, H. H., Horn, O., Madden, K., Caulfield, K. A., Antonucci, M. U., Revuelta, G., McTeague, L. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2023-332680 · Cited by 12
“46 Depressive symptoms were measured using total scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D; 17 items 47 ) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS; 30 items 48 ).”
MethodAlexopoulos, G. S., Sirey, J. A., Banerjee, S., Jackson, D. S., Kiosses, D. N., Pollari, C., Novitch, R. S., Artis, A., & Raue, P. J. (2018) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2017.10.002 · Cited by 11
“Depressive symptoms were rated with the HAM-D.”
Vasudev, A., Arena, A., Burhan, A. M., Ionson, E., Hirjee, H., Maldeniya, P., Wetmore, S., & Newman, R. I. (2016) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002394 · Cited by 11
RetractedGu, Y., Zhou, C., Yang, J., Zhang, Q., Zhu, G., Sun, L., Ge, M., & Wang, Y. (2020) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.351 · Cited by 11
Zheng, W., Yang, X.-H., Gu, L.-M., Tan, J.-Q., Zhou, Y.-L., Wang, C.-Y., & Ning, Y.-P. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.081 · Cited by 11
Clinical trials for rapid changes in suicidal ideation: lessons from ketamine
Ballard, E. D., Fields, J., Farmer, C. A., & Zarate, C. A. (2021) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12663 · Cited by 10
“For example, across one group of ketamine RCTs at a single institution, all participants were administered the HAM-D, MADRS, BDI, and SSI.”
MethodResultInfluentialButterfield, N. N., Luzon Rosenblut, C., Fava, M., Correll, C. U., Rothschild, A. J., Murrough, J. W., Mathew, S. J., Beatch, G. N., Grayson, C., Harden, C., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.14278 · Cited by 11
Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression
Churchill, R., Caldwell, D., Moore, T. H., Davies, P., Jones, H., Lewis, G., & Hunot, V. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008696 · Cited by 11
Østergaard, T., Lundgren, T., Zettle, R., Jonassen, R., Harmer, C. J., Stiles, T. C., Landrø, N. I., & Haaland, V. Ø. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2515-9 · Cited by 10
“The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRDS) [46, 47] is a widely used semi-structured clinical inter-view measuring the severity of depressive symptomatology covering a range of affective, behavioral and biological symptoms.”
Tsuboi, H., Sakakibara, H., Yamakawa-Kobayashi, K., Tatsumi, A., Inamori, T., Hamamoto, R., Suzuki, A., & Shimoi, K. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.05.010 · Cited by 10
Köhler, S., Unger, T., Hoffmann, S., Steinacher, B., & Fydrich, T. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.043 · Cited by 11
Perfalk, E., Damgaard, J. G., Bernstorff, M., Hansen, L., Danielsen, A. A., & Østergaard, S. D. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724002642 · Cited by 12
Estudio de la prevalencia de trastornos ansiosos y depresivos en pacientes en hemodiálisis
Moreno Núñez, E., Arenas Jiménez, M. D., Porta Bellmar, E., Escalant Calpena, L., Cantó García, M. J., Castell García, G., Serrano Gómez, F., Samper Llobregat, J., Millán Mayol, D., & Cases Iborra, J. M. (2004) · Revista de la Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica · doi:10.4321/s1139-13752004000400004 · Cited by 11
PHQ-9: sensitivity to change over time
Cameron, I. M., Reid, I. C., & Lawton, K. (2010) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp10x514909 · Cited by 11
Sacchetti, E., Frank, E., Siracusano, A., Racagni, G., Vita, A., & Turrina, C. (2015) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000074 · Cited by 11
Khedr, E. M., El-Deen, H. B., El-Mokhtar, M. A., & Mahmoud, D. M. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106540 · Cited by 11
Clegg, A. J., Hill, J. E., Mullin, D. S., Harris, C., Smith, C. J., Lightbody, C. E., Dwan, K., Cooney, G. M., Mead, G. E., & Watkins, C. L. (2026) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004366.pub7 · Cited by 12
Wang, T., Li, L., Yue, Y., Liu, X., Chen, S., Shen, T., Xu, Z., & Yuan, Y. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.042 · Cited by 10
Cyprien, F., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., Lopez-Castroman, J., Mercier, G., Olie, E., & Courtet, P. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.02.004 · Cited by 11
John Mann, J., Ellis, S. P., Currier, D., Zelazny, J., Birmaher, B., Oquendo, M. A., Kolko, D. J., Stanley, B., Melhem, N., Burke, A. K., et al. (2016) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2015.1033504 · Cited by 10
Early sexual or physical abuse in female and male mood disorder patients
Visioli, C., Tondo, L., Miola, A., Pinna, M., Contu, M., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.015 · Cited by 10
New-Onset Transilent Hallucinations Possibly Due To Eszopiclone: A Case Study
Duggal, H. S. (2007) · The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/pcc.v09n0611e · Cited by 10
Xie, Z.-J., Han, N., Law, S., Li, Z.-W., Chen, S.-Y., Xiao, J.-P., Zhang, Y., Gao, B.-L., Jiang, S.-S., Gao, H.-M., et al. (2019) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2019.32 · Cited by 10
“Additional secondary outcomes included the following: (a) level of depression (measured by the 17-item version of Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) (Hamilton, 1960); (b) overall illness severity [measured by the Severity Subscale of the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S)] (Guy, 1976); (c) level of disability and…”
MethodNorwegian Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (NAAQ): A psychometric evaluation.
Østergaard, T., Lundgren, T., Zettle, R. D., Landrø, N. I., & Haaland, V. Ø. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.12.002 · Cited by 10
Decoupling personality and acute psychiatric symptoms in a depressed sample and a community sample.
Fournier, J. C., Wright, A. G. C., Tackett, J. L., Uliaszek, A. A., Pilkonis, P. A., Manuck, S. B., & Bagby, R. M. (2019) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618813989 · Cited by 10
“In the depression sample, depression symptom severity was assessed using the 17-item version of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD, Hamilton, 1960).”
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Duration of periods of euthymia in patients with dysthymic disorder
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Zhang, X., Cheng, X., Chen, J., Zhang, B., Wu, Q., Deng, W., Li, X., Lin, Y., Yang, C., & Cao, L. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.032 · Cited by 9
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Pharmacologic treatment of depression in multiple sclerosis.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hamilton, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hamilton, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1960-02-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 56-62
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC495331
- OpenAlex
- W2114613490
- Semantic Scholar
- b292a2f25e64c16d40374236c95475d44a2c0bd1
- Cited by
- 32,817
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1044 · 2025: 1239 · 2024: 1266 · 2023: 1197 · 2022: 1212 · 2021: 1286 · 2020: 1248 · 2019: 1096 · 2018: 1125 · 2017: 1043 · 2016: 1124 · 2015: 1146 · 2014: 1189 · 2013: 1172 · 2012: 1038
- FWCI
- 20.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- depression, rating scales, depression assessment, psychometric assessment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Psychometrics
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