Cited by 1,020Ovarian function and disordersGenetic and Kidney Cyst DiseasesReproductive Biology and Fertility

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Scientific Statement on the Diagnostic Criteria, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Molecular Genetics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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Dumesic, Daniel A., Oberfield, Sharon E., Stener-Victorin, Elisabet, Marshall, John C., Laven, Joop S., Legro, Richard S.·2015·Endocrine Reviews

DOI 10.1210/er.2015-1018PMC PMC4591526

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Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous and complex disorder that has both adverse reproductive and metabolic implications for affected women. However, there is generally poor understanding of its etiology. Varying expert-based diagnostic criteria utilize some combination of oligo-ovulation, hyperandrogenism, and the presence of polycystic ovaries. Criteria that require hyperandrogenism tend to identify a more severe reproductive and metabolic phenotype. The phenotype can vary by race and ethnicity, is difficult to define in the perimenarchal and perimenopausal period, and is exacerbated by obesity. The pathophysiology involves abnormal gonadotropin secretion from a reduced hypothalamic feedback response to circulating sex steroids, altered ovarian morphology and functional changes, and disordered insulin action in a variety of target tissues. PCOS clusters in families and both female and male relatives can show stigmata of the syndrome, including metabolic abnormalities. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of candidate regions, although their role in contributing to PCOS is still largely unknown.

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The follicular excess in polycystic ovaries, due to intra-ovarian hyperandrogenism, may be the main culprit for the follicular arrest
Jonard, S. (2004) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh010 · Cited by 513
Evaluation and Treatment of Hirsutism in Premenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
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Evidence for Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Premature Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Women
Talbott, E. O., Guzick, D. S., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., McHugh-Pemu, K. P., Zborowski, J. V., Remsberg, K. E., & Kuller, L. H. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.11.2414 · Cited by 511
Precocious Pubarche, Hyperinsulinism, and Ovarian Hyperandrogenism in Girls: Relation to Reduced Fetal Growth
Ibáñez, L., Potau, N., François, I., & de Zegher, F. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.10.5205 · Cited by 509
Mortality of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome at Long-term Follow-up
Pierpoint, T., McKeigue, P. M., Isaacs, A. J., Wild, S. H., & Jacobs, H. S. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00035-3 · Cited by 504
A Sustained Increase in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Impairs Insulin Secretion in Nondiabetic Subjects Genetically Predisposed to Develop Type 2 Diabetes
Kashyap, S., Belfort, R., Gastaldelli, A., Pratipanawatr, T., Berria, R., Pratipanawatr, W., Bajaj, M., Mandarino, L., DeFronzo, R., & Cusi, K. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.10.2461 · Cited by 503
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as a Form of FunctionalOvarian Hyperandrogenism Due to Dysregulation ofAndrogen Secretion*
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Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of hirsutism: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society
Escobar-Morreale, H. F., Carmina, E., Dewailly, D., Gambineri, A., Kelestimur, F., Moghetti, P., Pugeat, M., Qiao, J., Wijeyaratne, C. N., Witchel, S. F., et al. (2012) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr042 · Cited by 494
A New Rat Model Exhibiting Both Ovarian and Metabolic Characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Mannerås, L., Cajander, S. B., Holmäng, A. B., Seleskovic, Z., Lystig, T., Lönn, M., & Stener‐Victorin, E. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2007-0168 · Cited by 488
Self-citation
Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): revisiting the threshold values of follicle count on ultrasound and of the serum AMH level for the definition of polycystic ovaries
Dewailly, D., Gronier, H., Poncelet, É., Robin, G., Leroy, M., Pigny, P., Duhamel, A., & Catteau-Jonard, S. (2011) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/der297 · Cited by 483
Extra- and intra-ovarian factors in polycystic ovary syndrome: impact on oocyte maturation and embryo developmental competence
Qiao, J., & Feng, H. L. (2011) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq032 · Cited by 479
Genome-wide association of polycystic ovary syndrome implicates alterations in gonadotropin secretion in European ancestry populations
Hayes, M. G., Urbanek, M., Ehrmann, D. A., Armstrong, L. L., Lee, J. Y., Sisk, R., Karaderi, T., Barber, T. M., McCarthy, M. I., Franks, S., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8502 · Cited by 478
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Premature Adrenarche - A Common Condition with Variable Presentation
Utriainen, P., Laakso, S. M., Liimatta, J., Jääskeläinen, J., & Voutilainen, R. (2015) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000369458 · Cited by 477
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction
Paradisi, G., Steinberg, H. O., Hempfling, A., Cronin, J., Brechtel, G., Shepard, M. K., & Baron, A. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.10.1410 · Cited by 476
Beta-cell dysfunction independent of obesity and glucose intolerance in the polycystic ovary syndrome
Dunaif, A. E., & Finegood, D. T. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772555 · Cited by 457
Positive Relationship between Androgen and the Endocrine Disruptor, Bisphenol A, in Normal Women and Women with Ovarian Dysfunction
TAKEUCHI, T., Tsutsumi, O., Ikezuki, Y., Takai, Y., & Taketani, Y. (2004) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.51.165 · Cited by 455
Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Have an Increased Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Increasing Androgen Levels Independent of Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Coviello, A. D., Legro, R. S., & Dunaif, A. E. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1666 · Cited by 446
Self-citation
PCOS according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria: change in prevalence among WHO‐II anovulation and association with metabolic factors
Broekmans, F. J., Knauff, E. A. H., Valkenburg, O., Laven, J. S. E., Eijkemans, M. J. C., & Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2006) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01008.x · Cited by 445
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Role of Hormones in Pilosebaceous Unit Development
Deplewski, D., & Rosenfield, R. L. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.4.0404 · Cited by 443
Does ethnicity influence the prevalence of adrenal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome?
Carmina, E., Koyama, T., Chang, L., Stanczyk, F. Z., & Løbo, R. A. (1992) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(92)91779-a · Cited by 441
Pulse and Respiratory Grouping of Sympathetic Impulses in Human Muscle Nerves
Hagbarth, K. ‐., & Vallbo, Å. B. (1968) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1365-201x.1968.tb10904.x · Cited by 441
Quality of Life, Psychosocial Well-Being, and Sexual Satisfaction in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Elsenbruch, S., Hahn, S., Kowalsky, D., Öffner, A. H., Schedlowski, M., Mann, K., & Janssen, O. E. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030562 · Cited by 437
Restored insulin sensitivity but persistently increased early insulin secretion after weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Holte, J., Bergh, T., Berne, C., Wide, L., & Lithell, H. (1995) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.80.9.7673399 · Cited by 435
Morphology and Morphogenesis of the Stein-Leventhal Ovary and of So-called “Hyperthecosis”
Hughesdon, P. E. (1982) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-198202000-00001 · Cited by 429
Insulin secretory defects in polycystic ovary syndrome. Relationship to insulin sensitivity and family history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Ehrmann, D. A., Sturis, J., Byrne, M. M., Karrison, T., Rosenfield, R. L., & Polonsky, K. S. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118064 · Cited by 426
Maternal serum androgens in pregnant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: possible implications in prenatal androgenization
Sir‐Petermann, T. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.10.2573 · Cited by 418
Premature Adrenarche--Normal Variant or Forerunner of Adult Disease?
Ibáñez, L., DiMartino-Nardi, J., Potau, N., & Saenger, P. H. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.6.0416 · Cited by 414
Epidemiology and Adverse Cardiovascular Risk Profile of Diagnosed Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Lo, J. C.-M., Feigenbaum, S. L., Yang, J., Pressman, A. R., Selby, J. V., & Go, A. S. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2430 · Cited by 414
Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial carcinoma
Hardiman, P. J., Pillay, O., & Atiomo, W. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13409-5 · Cited by 414
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Evidence that Flutamide Restores Sensitivity of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator to Inhibition by Estradiol and Progesterone
Eagleson, C. A., Gingrich, M. B., Pastor, C. L., Arora, T. K., Solorzano, C. M. B., Evans, W. S., & Marshall, J. C. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.11.6992 · Cited by 413
Self-citation
Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in first-degree relatives of patients with PCOS
Kahsar-Miller, M. D., Nixon, C., Boots, L. R., Go, R. C., & Azziz, R. (2001) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01662-9 · Cited by 406
Endocrine Disruptors and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Elevated Serum Levels of Bisphenol A in Women with PCOS
Kandaraki, E., Chatzigeorgiou, A., Livadas, S., Palioura, E., Economou, F., Koutsilieris, M., Palimeri, S., Panidis, D., & Diamanti‐Kandarakis, E. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1658 · Cited by 402
Impact of Obesity on the Risk for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Yildiz, B. O., Knochenhauer, E. S., & Azziz, R. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1834 · Cited by 401
Hyperfunction of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Disease: Indirect Evidence for Partial Gonadotroph Desensitization*
Waldstreicher, J., Santoro, N. F., Hall, J. E., Filicori, M., & Crowley, W. F. (1988) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-66-1-165 · Cited by 400
Prevalence and Predictors of Coronary Artery Calcification in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Christian, R. C., Dumesic, D. A., Behrenbeck, T. R., Oberg, A. L., Sheedy, P. F., & Fitzpatrick, L. A. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030334 · Cited by 396
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Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion
Ehrmann, D. A. (1995) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.16.3.322 · Cited by 394
The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Associated with Morbid Obesity May Resolve after Weight Loss Induced by Bariatric Surgery
Escobar-Morreale, H. F., Botella-Carretero, J. I., Álvarez‐Blasco, F., Sancho, J., & Millán, J. L. S. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1490 · Cited by 389
Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline
Teede, H. J., Misso, M. L., Deeks, A. A., Moran, L. J., Stuckey, B. G. A., Wong, J. L. A., Norman, R. J., Costello, M. F., & Groups, O. B. O. T. G. D. (2011) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja11.10915 · Cited by 379
Troglitazone Improves Ovulation and Hirsutism in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Multicenter, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Azziz, R. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.86.4.1626 · Cited by 379
Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Inhibin B in the Definition of Ovarian Aging and the Menopause Transition
Sowers, M. F., Eyvazzadeh, A. D., McConnell, D. S., Yosef, M., Jannausch, M. L., Zhang, D., Harlow, S. D., & Randolph, J. F. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0567 · Cited by 376
Diet, Obesity and Hypertension: An Hypothesis Involving Insulin, the Sympathetic Nervous System, and Adaptive Thermogenesis
LANDSBERG, L. (1986) · QJM: An International Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a068066 · Cited by 373
Adipose Tissue Has Aberrant Morphology and Function in PCOS: Enlarged Adipocytes and Low Serum Adiponectin, but Not Circulating Sex Steroids, Are Strongly Associated with Insulin Resistance
Mannerås-Holm, L., Leonhardt, H., Kullberg, J., Jennische, E., Odén, A., Holm, G., Hellström, M., Lönn, L., Olivecrona, G., Stener-Victorin, E., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1290 · Cited by 369
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KUMUDINI HOSPITAL
Habershon, R. (1975) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)93067-6 · Cited by 368
Ultrasound examination of polycystic ovaries: is it worth counting the follicles?
Jonard, S. (2003) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg115 · Cited by 367
Overweight and obese anovulatory patients with polycystic ovaries: parallel improvements in anthropometric indices, ovarian physiology and fertility rate induced by diet
Crosignani, P. G. (2003) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg367 · Cited by 359
Endometrial cancer and obesity: Epidemiology, biomarkers, prevention and survivorship
Fader, A. N., Arriba, L. N., Frasure, H. E., & von Gruenigen, V. E. (2009) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.03.039 · Cited by 356
Screening Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome for Metabolic Syndrome
Dokras, A., Bochner, M., Hollinrake, E., Markham, S. M., Voorhis, B. J. V., & Jagasia, D. H. (2005) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000167408.30893.6b · Cited by 353
Prevalence and Characteristics of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Women
Álvarez‐Blasco, F., Botella-Carretero, J. I., Millán, J. L. S., & Escobar-Morreale, H. F. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.19.2081 · Cited by 352
Relative risk of conversion from normoglycaemia to impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Norman, R. J., Masters, L., Milner, C. R., Wang, J. X., & Davies, M. J. (2001) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/16.9.1995 · Cited by 341
Effect of central and peripheral body fat distribution on sympathetic and baroreflex function in obese normotensives
Grassi, G. M., Dell’Oro, R., Facchini, A., Trevano, F. Q., Bolla, G. B., & Mancia, G. (2004) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200412000-00019 · Cited by 339
The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
Carmina, E., Oberfield, S. E., & Lobo, R. A. (2010) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.03.008 · Cited by 339
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Defects in insulin receptor signaling in vivo in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Dunaif, A., Wu, X., Lee, A., & Diamanti-Kandarakis, E. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.2.e392 · Cited by 337
Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Ciaraldi, T. P. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.75.2.577 · Cited by 336
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk Among Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
SCHILDKRAUT, J. (1996) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0029-7844(96)00226-8 · Cited by 335
Metformin and lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis
Naderpoor, N., Shorakae, S., de Courten, B., Misso, M. L., Moran, L. J., & Teede, H. J. (2015) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmv025 · Cited by 334
The Frequency of Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormone Stimulation Differentially Regulates Gonadotropin Subunit Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression*
Dalkin, A. C., Haisenleder, D. J., Ortolano, G. A., ELLIS, T. R., & Marshall, J. C. (1989) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-125-2-917 · Cited by 327
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The role of lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome
Norman, R. J., Davies, M. J., Lord, J., & Moran, L. J. (2002) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(02)00612-4 · Cited by 326
Early Menarche, a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer, Indicates Early Onset of Ovulatory Cycles*
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Detection of Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism in Women with Androgen Excess
Ehrmann, D. A., Rosenfield, R. L., Barnes, R. B., Brigell, D. F., & Sheikh, Z. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199207163270304 · Cited by 322
Anti-Müllerian hormone levels reflect severity of PCOS but are negatively influenced by obesity: relationship with increased luteinizing hormone levels
Piouka, A., Farmakiotis, D., Katsikis, I., Μacut, D., Gerou, S., & Panidis, D. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90684.2008 · Cited by 316
Clinical manifestations and insulin resistance (IR) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among South Asians and Caucasians: is there a difference?
Wijeyaratne, C. N., Balen, A. H., Barth, J. H., & Belchetz, P. E. (2002) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01603.x · Cited by 315
Rodent Models for Human Polycystic Ovary Syndrome1
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Insulin-mediated sympathetic stimulation: role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension (or, how insulin affects blood pressure, and why)
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Adverse Lipid and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Profiles in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Results of a Case-Control Study
Talbott, E. O., Clerici, A., Berga, S. L., Kuller, L. H., Guzick, D. S., Detre, K. M., Daniels, T. L., & Engberg, R. A. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00010-9 · Cited by 312
Molecular Abnormalities in Oocytes from Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Revealed by Microarray Analysis
Wood, J. R., Dumesic, D. A., Abbott, D. H., & Strauss, J. F. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2123 · Cited by 310
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Prenatal androgens alter GABAergic drive to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons: Implications for a common fertility disorder
Sullivan, S. D., & Moenter, S. M. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0308058101 · Cited by 309
Changes in Glucose Tolerance over Time in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Controlled Study
Legro, R. S., Gnatuk, C. L., Kunselman, A. R., & Dunaif, A. E. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1843 · Cited by 308
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Ovarian hyperandrogynism as a result of congenital adrenal virilizing disorders: evidence for perinatal masculinization of neuroendocrine function in women
Barnes, R. B., Rosenfield, R. L., Ehrmann, D. A., Cara, J. F., Cuttler, L., Levitsky, L. L., & Rosenthal, I. M. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.79.5.7962325 · Cited by 304
Evidence for a primary abnormality of thecal cell steroidogenesis in the polycystic ovary syndrome
Gilling‐Smith, C., Story, H., Rogers, V., & Franks, S. (1997) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.2321049.x · Cited by 301
The origins and sequelae of abnormal neuroendocrine function in polycystic ovary syndrome
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Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Pathophysiology, molecular aspects and clinical implications
Diamanti-Kandarakis, E. (2008) · Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1462399408000598 · Cited by 294
Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
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miRNA-93 Inhibits GLUT4 and Is Overexpressed in Adipose Tissue of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients and Women With Insulin Resistance
Chen, Y.-H., Heneidi, S. G., Lee, J.-M., Layman, L. C., Stepp, D. W., Gamboa, G. M., Chen, B.-S., Chazenbalk, G. D., & Azziz, R. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db12-0963 · Cited by 291
Body composition characteristics and body fat distribution in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Kirchengast, S. (2001) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/16.6.1255 · Cited by 291
Enhanced early insulin response to glucose in relation to insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal glucose tolerance
Holte, J., Bergh, T., Berne, C., Berglund, L., & Lithell, H. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.78.5.8175959 · Cited by 290
Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone, and Testosterone with Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals
Kushnir, M. M., Blamires, T. L., Rockwood, A. L., Roberts, W. L., Yue, B., Erdogan, E., Bunker, A. M., & Meikle, A. W. (2010) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.143222 · Cited by 286
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Evidence that Flutamide Restores Sensitivity of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator to Inhibition by Estradiol and Progesterone
Eagleson, C. A. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.11.4047 · Cited by 286
Obesity and PCOS: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
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Self-citation
Evidence for a single gene effect causing polycystic ovaries and male pattern baldness
Carey, A. H., Chan, K., Short, F., White, D. M., Williamson, R., & Franks, S. (1993) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb02150.x · Cited by 285
Phenotypic spectrum of polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical and biochemical characterization of the three major clinical subgroups
Chang, W. Y., Knochenhauer, E. S., Bartolucci, A. A., & Azziz, R. (2005) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.096 · Cited by 284
Insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of women with PCOS involves intrinsic and acquired defects in insulin signaling
Corbould, A., Kim, Y.-B., Youngren, J. F., Pender, C., Kahn, B. B., Lee, A., & Dunaif, A. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00361.2004 · Cited by 283
Androgens regulate ovarian follicular development by increasing follicle stimulating hormone receptor and microRNA-125b expression
Sen, A., Prizant, H., Light, A., Biswas, A., Hayes, E. T., Lee, H., Barad, D. H., Gleicher, N., & Hammes, S. R. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1318978111 · Cited by 283
Local roles of TGF-β superfamily members in the control of ovarian follicle development
KNIGHT, P. G., & Glister, C. (2003) · Animal Reproduction Science · doi:10.1016/s0378-4320(03)00089-7 · Cited by 281
Hyperandrogenemia Predicts Metabolic Phenotype in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Utility of Serum Androstenedione
O’Reilly, M., TAYLOR, A. E. R., Crabtree, N. J., Hughes, B. A., Capper, F., Crowley, R. K., Stewart, P. M., Tomlinson, J., & Arlt, W. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3399 · Cited by 279
Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of gynaecological cancer: a systematic review
Chittenden, B., Fullerton, G. M., Maheshwari, A., & Bhattacharya, S. (2009) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60175-7 · Cited by 277
Phenotypic variation in hyperandrogenic women influences the findings of abnormal metabolic and cardiovascular risk parameters
Carmina, E., Chu, M. C., Longo, R. A., Rini, G. B., & Lobo, R. A. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2279 · Cited by 274
Glucose Intolerance, Insulin Resistance, and Hyperandrogenemia in First Degree Relatives of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Neonatal Exposure to Bisphenol A and Reproductive and Endocrine Alterations Resembling the Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Adult Rats
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Research works printed but not linked: 2

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Polycystic ovary syndrome
Azziz, R., Carmina, E., Chen, Z., Dunaif, A., Laven, J. S. E., Legro, R. S., Lizneva, D., Natterson-Horowtiz, B., Teede, H. J., & Yildiz, B. O. (2016) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.57 · Cited by 2,005
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls
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Authors: Dumesic, D. A., Oberfield, S. E., Stener-Victorin, E., Marshall, J. C., Laven, J. S., & Legro, R. S.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (US)
Department of Physiology (E.S.-V.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
University of Virginia Health System (US)
Erasmus MC (NL)
Pennsylvania State University (US)
ORCID: Dumesic, Daniel A.
Oberfield, Sharon E.
Marshall, John C.
Laven, Joop S.
Legro, Richard S.
Venue: Endocrine Reviews
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2015-10-01
Volume: 36
Issue: 5
Pages: 487-525
ISSN: 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
1945-7189
DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1018
PMC: PMC4591526
OpenAlex: W2113329249
Cited by: 1,020
References: 472
Citations by year: 2026: 89 · 2025: 108 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 124 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 7.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: University of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania State University
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF15OC0015902)
National Institutes of Health (28934, U54-HD28-934)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD071836, U54HD028934, U54HD034449, U10HD038992, P50HD028934, 2 U10 HD 38992, R01HD056510, U54-HD-28934)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, pathophysiology, molecular genetics, hyperandrogenism, oligoovulation, insulin resistance, gonadotropin secretion, hypothalamic-pituitary feedback, obesity, reproductive phenotypes, metabolic phenotypes, familial aggregation, genome-wide association study, sex steroids
MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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