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Dissociable Executive Functions in the Dynamic Control of Behavior: Inhibition, Error Detection, and Correction

Garavan, H·2002·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1006/nimg.2002.1326

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Abstract

The present study employed event-related fMRI and EEG to investigate the biological basis of the cognitive control of behavior. Using a GO/NOGO task optimized to produce response inhibitions, frequent commission errors, and the opportunity for subsequent behavioral correction, we identified distinct cortical areas associated with each of these specific executive processes. Two cortical systems, one involving right prefrontal and parietal areas and the second regions of the cingulate, underlay inhibitory control. The involvement of these two systems was predicated upon the difficulty or urgency of the inhibition and each was employed to different extents by high- and low-absent-minded subjects. Errors were associated with medial activation incorporating the anterior cingulate and pre-SMA while behavioral alteration subsequent to errors was associated with both the anterior cingulate and the left prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, the EEG data demonstrated that successful response inhibition depended upon the timely activation of cortical areas as predicted by race models of response selection. The results highlight how higher cognitive functions responsible for behavioral control can result from the dynamic interplay of distinct cortical systems.

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Self-citation
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Authors: Garavan, H.
Affiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
Corresponding author: Garavan, H
ORCID: Garavan, H
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-12
Volume: 17
Issue: 4
Pages: 1820-1829
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2002.1326
OpenAlex: W2136256861
Semantic Scholar: e306428a56e54b536b0e6f9d82d7020d495d91bf
Cited by: 988
References: 8
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 51
FWCI: 17.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA009465, DA 09465, DA-14100-01, R01DA014100)
National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR00058, M01RR000058)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Free Will and Agency
Keywords: executive function, response inhibition, error detection, error correction, cognitive control, go/no-go task, anterior cingulate cortex, pre-supplementary motor area, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, commission errors, absent-mindedness
MeSH terms: Adult, Attention, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Dominance, Cerebral, Electroencephalography, Female, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Neural Inhibition, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychomotor Performance, Putamen, Reaction Time, Serial Learning, Thalamus, Echo-Planar Imaging, Imaging, Three-Dimensional

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Dissociable Executive Functions in the Dynamic Control of Behavior: Inhibition, Error Detection, and Correction

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