Cited by 7,180Memory and Neural MechanismsSpatial Cognition and NavigationCognitive Abilities and Testing

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Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat

Morris, Richard·1984·Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Abstract

Developments of an open-field water-maze procedure in which rats learn to escape from opaque water onto a hidden platform are described. These include a procedure (A) for automatically tracking the spatial location of a hooded rat without the use of attached light-emitting diodes; (B) for studying different aspects of spatial memory (e.g. working memory); and (C) for studying non-spatial discrimination learning. The speed with which rats learn these tasks suggests that they may lend themselves to a variety of behavioural investigations, including pharmacological work and studies of cerebral function.

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Authors: Morris, R.
Corresponding author: Morris, Richard
ORCID: Morris, Richard
Venue: Journal of Neuroscience Methods
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1984-05
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 47-60
ISSN: 0165-0270 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0165-0270(84)90007-4
OpenAlex: W2169473035
Cited by: 7,180
References: 2
Citations by year: 2026: 142 · 2025: 205 · 2024: 247 · 2023: 269 · 2022: 302 · 2021: 288 · 2020: 342 · 2019: 336 · 2018: 305 · 2017: 374 · 2016: 359 · 2015: 361 · 2014: 339 · 2013: 320 · 2012: 333
FWCI: 12.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Neuroscience Methods (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: water maze, spatial learning, spatial memory, working memory, escape learning, automatic tracking, hooded rats, rat behavior
MeSH terms: Animals, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Escape Reaction, Female, Male, Neurophysiology, Orientation, Mental Recall, Retention, Psychology, Swimming, Transfer, Psychology, Rats

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Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat

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