Retrieval-Based Learning: A Decade of Progress
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The benefits of retrieval practice are thought to occur via an episodic context account.
“The benefits of retrieval practice are thought to occur via an episodic context account.”
From Does Retrieval Practice Protect Memory Against Stress? A Meta-Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Karpicke, 2017
Under the episodic context account, contextual cues become bound to memory traces and are reinstated each time an item is retrieved, thereby strengthening the memory traces learned with each retrieval.
“Under the episodic context account, contextual cues become bound to memory traces and are reinstated each time an item is retrieved from memory, thereby strengthening the memory traces learned with each retrieval (Karpicke et al., 2014; Karpicke, 2017).”
From Does Retrieval Practice Protect Memory Against Stress? A Meta-Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Karpicke, 2017
The context-dependent explanation of retrieval practice holds that repeated binding of contextual cues to the memory trace strengthens memory and makes it easier to access, thereby potentially making it less vulnerable to stress.
“This also aligns with the context-dependent explanation of retrieval practice, where the repeated binding of contextual cues to the memory trace strengthens the memory and makes it easier to access, thereby potentially making it less vulnerable to the detrimental effects of stress (Karpicke et al., 2014; Karpicke, 2017).”
From Does Retrieval Practice Protect Memory Against Stress? A Meta-Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Karpicke, 2017
The benefit of initial tests without feedback can only be seen when the learner is reasonably successful on the initial test.
“Karpicke (2017; see also Karpicke et al. 2014b), who suggests that the benefit of initial tests (without feedback) can only be seen when the learner is reasonably successful on the initial test.”
From Practicing Retrieval Facilitates Learning (2021) · cites this paper as Karpicke 2017
The confound in number of exposures masks the advantage that is present for the items that are successfully retrieved.
“As a result, the confound in number of exposures masks the advantage that is present for the items that are successfully retrieved (see also Karpicke 2017).”
From Practicing Retrieval Facilitates Learning (2021) · cites this paper as Karpicke 2017
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Retrieval aids the creation of a generalised memory trace and strengthens episode-unique information
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Prequestions do not enhance the benefits of retrieval in a STEM classroom
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Testing enhances subsequent learning in older adults.
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- Authors
- Karpicke, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Karpicke, Jeffrey D.
- ORCID
- Karpicke, Jeffrey D.
- Venue
- Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2017
- Pages
- 487-514
- OpenAlex
- W2604785529
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 219
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 49.72
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Elsevier eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Grantee Submission
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Keywords
- retrieval practice, educational psychology, learning outcomes, transfer of learning
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