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Sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk: A review of the epidemiologic evidence
Open accessAbstract
Laboratory studies have found that short-term sleep restriction is associated with impairments in glucose metabolism, appetite regulation and blood pressure regulation. This chapter reviews the epidemiologic evidence for an association between habitual sleep duration and quality and risk of cardiometabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Multiple studies observed a cross-sectional association between short sleep duration (generally <6 h per night) and increased body mass index or obesity, prevalent diabetes and prevalent hypertension. Many studies also reported an association between self-reported long sleep duration (generally >8 h per night) and cardiometabolic disease. There have been a few prospective studies and several, but not all, have found an association between short sleep and incident diabetes, hypertension and markers of cardiovascular disease. Future prospective epidemiologic studies need to include objective measures of sleep, and intervention studies are needed in order to establish a causal link between impaired or insufficient sleep and cardiometabolic disease risk.
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“Insufficient sleep increases the risk for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, suggesting that sleep restriction may impair peripheral metabolic pathways.”
From Impaired Insulin Signaling in Human Adipocytes After Experimental Sleep Restriction: A Randomized, Crossover Study (2012) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Shift work is generally associated with chronic sleep loss, which adversely affects glucose tolerance and cardiovascular function (10–13).”
From Circadian Misalignment Augments Markers of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation, Independently of Sleep Loss (2014) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“We also note that the association of sleep duration with bodyweight appears to be best described by a U-shape, where long sleep durations may also be associated with increased bodyweight.108”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Thus, taken together, prospective epidemiologic studies strongly suggest that subjective short or long sleep duration and sleep disturbances predict the development of diabetes.”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [80]
In the citing paper
“Short sleep duration (mostly ≤5and/or ≤6h) was found to predict a higher incidence of diabetes in seven of the nines studies, while poor sleep quality was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in five of the six studies [80].”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [80]
In the citing paper
“U- or L-shaped associations were reported in some adult prospective studies (reviewed in [80]; additional studies: [97, 202]); hence, the relationship between longer sleep and BMI is conflicting in adults and inexistent in children.”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [80]
In the citing paper
“Of the 28 longitudinal studies that examined the impact of short sleep on obesity risk in children and adults, 22 reported that short sleep is associated with an increased risk of weight gain or development of obesity and/or increased fat mass a few years later”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [80]
In the citing paper
“This pattern is particularly consistent in pediatric populations (all 12 studies had positive findings; reviewed in [80]; additional references: [21, 38, 89, 150]).”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [80]
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Carnethon, M. R., Pu, J., Howard, G., Albert, M. A., Anderson, C. A. M., Bertoni, A. G., Mujahid, M. S., Palaniappan, L., Taylor, H. A., Willis, M., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000534 · Cited by 1,147
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Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Knutson, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Knutson, Kristen L.
- ORCID
- Knutson, Kristen L.
- Venue
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 731-743
- ISSN
- 1521-690X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3011978
- OpenAlex
- W2043746871
- Cited by
- 520
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 4.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P30HL101859)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep duration, sleep quality, cardiometabolic risk, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, body mass index, glucose metabolism, blood pressure regulation, appetite regulation, cardiovascular disease, long sleep, short sleep duration
- MeSH terms
- Appetite Regulation, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Models, Biological, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Body Mass Index
About these checks
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