The DOI matches its Crossref record; 173 of the 176 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 299 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses
Open accessAbstract
The state of the brain and body constantly varies on rapid and slow time scales. These variations contribute to the apparent noisiness of sensory responses at both the neural and behavioral level. Recent investigations of rapid state changes in awake, behaving animals have provided insight into the mechanisms by which optimal sensory encoding and behavioral performance are achieved. Fluctuations in state, as indexed by pupillometry, impact both the “signal” (sensory evoked response) and the “noise” (spontaneous activity) of cortical responses. By taking these fluctuations into account, neural response (co-)variability is significantly reduced, revealing the brain to be more reliable and predictable than previously thought.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review argues that waking brain state changes rapidly and continuously, and that pupil diameter plus movement can index these substates. Accounting for such fluctuations reduces apparent neural variability and shows that sensory encoding and behavioral performance often peak at intermediate arousal rather than at the highest arousal.
Key findings
- Pupil diameter tracks rapid cortical state: dilation is linked to suppression of low-frequency (about 2–10 Hz) membrane-potential/LFP rhythms and enhancement of gamma (30–80 Hz) activity, while constriction is linked to stronger low-frequency activity below a critical pupil size. This relationship appears across visual, somatosensory, and auditory cortex and also with hippocampal sharp-wave ripples.
- State modulates sensory responses along five dimensions: response magnitude, signal-to-noise ratio, timing, variability, and noise correlations. For example, visual cortical responses are enhanced by locomotion, auditory cortical responses are largest at intermediate arousal, and noise correlations are lower during locomotion than during quiescence.
- Behavioral performance can follow an inverted-U with arousal. In an auditory tone-in-noise detection task, mice showed maximal hit rate, shortest lick latency, best discrimination, and least bias at intermediate pupil diameters; further dilation, including during locomotion, reduced performance. Human oddball and primate saccade studies similarly showed optimal performance at mid-level pupil-indexed arousal.
- Mice exhibit frequent state changes: the review cites more than 100 sleep–wake transitions per 24 hours, with average sleep or waking bouts lasting under 10 minutes. It also contrasts two models of arousal-dependent cortical control: a sigmoidal model and a U-shaped model of average membrane potential versus arousal.
Methods
- Narrative review synthesizing recent work, largely in behaving mice, with relevant primate and human literature; no new primary data are reported.
- Evidence discussed includes intracellular membrane-potential recordings, local field potentials, single-unit spiking, pupillometry, locomotion/whisking monitoring, and behavioral tasks such as auditory signal detection, visual discrimination, and saccade tasks.
- Main analysis is conceptual integration across studies, including proposed sigmoidal and U-shaped models of arousal-dependent cortical activity and a disinhibitory VIP–SOM/PV circuit mechanism.
Limitations
- The paper states that the study of waking substates is still in its infancy, with no consensus on how many substates exist or how to define them; it also says the review cannot account for all or even many waking substates.
- The paper states that the precise mechanisms controlling state are not fully known, the pathways linking pupil diameter to arousal are unknown, and reasons for cell-to-cell variation in arousal responses remain unresolved.
- Evident from the text: this is a narrative review rather than a systematic or quantitative synthesis, and many conclusions rely on cited studies in head-fixed mice, so generality across species, tasks, and cortical areas is not fully established.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
151 Not checked yet · 34 Own interpretation · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By taking these fluctuations into account, neural response (co-)variability is significantly reduced, revealing the brain to be more reliable and predictable than previously thought.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Internal brain state can fluctuate even in the absence of overt behavioral changes – most notably in the well-characterized transitions between sleep and waking and within different stages of sleep.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“New animal studies reveal that rapid, ongoing, and behaviorally-relevant variations in waking state are not the exception, but rather the rule”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These variations contribute to the apparent noisiness of sensory responses at both the neural and behavioral level.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Intracellular recordings in cortical neurons reveal that the low-frequency components of the field potential during slow-wave sleep correspond to alternating active (Up) and inactive (Down) periods, recurring at 0.2–2 Hz.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction > State Dependent Brain Activity
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Intracellular recordings in cortical neurons of cats reveal that the waking state involves suppression of the inactive, or Down, periods of cortical activity, resulting in a continuous depolarization of neurons towards firing threshold, even in quietly awake animals”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction > State Dependent Brain Activity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Steriade et al., 2001 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These variations in state exert an effect on sensory evoked neural activity that can be as significant as variations in the sensory stimulus itself”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These changes are sometimes coupled with overt movements such as whisking or locomotion”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In human studies, drowsiness during the performance of a routine task, such as simulated driving, can be associated with wide variations in arousal and performance that are reflected by large fluctuations in pupil diameter”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Variations in Pupil Diameter Track Changes in Brain State
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It has become increasingly clear that the waking state contains continuous transitions between numerous sub-states that are associated with significant changes in sensory-motor processing and behavioral performance”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction > State Dependent Brain Activity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Buzsaki, 2006
- Not checked yetcites Cohen and Maunsell, 2010
- Not checked yetcites McGinley et al., 2015 source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 66
- Probably not a substantial claim. 9
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“During the period of movement (whisking or locomotion), neurons in somatosensory, visual, motor, and auditory cortex maintain an elevated firing rate, the degree of which varies across cell types.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > States defined by pupillometry and locomotion in head-fixed mice
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Beloozerova et al., 2003 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that some motor-cortex neuron classes increased their firing during locomotion, but others did not: five CF6 neurons active at rest became silent during locomotion. The Discussion says most corticocortical and CF6 neurons had little or no activity even during complex locomotion. The study examines motor cortex in locomoting rabbits, not whisking or firing rates across somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortex. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Partly supportedcites McGinley et al., 2015 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction reports increased stimulus-driven firing during walking in visual cortex and movement-associated membrane-potential changes in somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortex. But membrane-potential changes do not establish elevated firing rates, and the Discussion reports suppressed sensory-evoked responses in auditory cortex during locomotion. The Discussion also notes cell-type differences, but the copy does not establish sustained elevated firing across all four named cortical areas, including motor cortex. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Falling asleep, or moving from slow wave sleep into rapid eye movement sleep, results in profound changes in the operation of the brain (Figure 1), including changes in spontaneous activity, the ability to execute motor commands, responses to sensory stimuli and the fidelity of internal representations of the world”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Recently, the marked impact of apparent spontaneous variations in the human waking state on both cortical responses and perceptual abilities has begun to be more widely appreciated”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“By comparison, the variations in neural activity within the waking state due to changes in factors such as arousal, attention, and awareness are ostensibly less dramatic and therefore the mechanisms of waking state variations have remained more elusive”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Harris and Thiele, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Zagha and McCormick, 2014
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“During periods of quiet wakefulness (lacking overt movement), large low-frequency (< 10 Hz) fluctuations in the synaptic activity of somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortical neurons are frequently observed, and these oscillations are strongly suppressed by the initiation of whisking or locomotion”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction > State Dependent Brain Activity
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This slow oscillation is cortically generated but influences activity throughout the brain”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction > State Dependent Brain Activity
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All together, these biomarkers for waking states predict changes in the capability of animals to represent and respond to stimuli, and account for a significant fraction of the variability in spontaneous and stimulus-driven activity and behavior.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Classically, slow wave sleep is characterized by a high density of cortical field potential power at 0.5–4 Hz, reduced muscle tone, and rolling eye movements, while waking is associated with a relative suppression of low frequency activity (usually termed “activation” or “desynchronization”), increased muscle tone, and behaviorally relevant eye movements”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction > State Dependent Brain Activity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kryger et al., 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Human and animal studies have shown that changes in pupil diameter (after controlling for changes associated with luminance and depth accommodation) are correlated with arousal, attention, emotion, cognitive perception, “brain gain”, as well as heart rate and galvanic skin reflex, indicating a tight coupling between the state of the central and peripheral nervous systems”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Variations in Pupil Diameter Track Changes in Brain State
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Alnaes et al., 2014
- Not checked yetcites Bradley et al., 2008 source
- Not checked yetcites Kahneman and Beatty, 1966
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This work has revealed that spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity varies continuously and rapidly during wakefulness.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Introduction
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Additionally, the relationship between cortical membrane potential and pupil diameter is influenced by the presence of slow oscillations at low arousal states and strong barrages of synaptic activity and/or tonic depolarization at high arousal states”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Variations in Pupil Diameter Track Changes in Brain State
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McGinley et al., 2015 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Even in the absence of movement, increases in pupil diameter (dilation) were found to be associated with increases in cortical activation and suppression of low frequency rhythms.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Variations in Pupil Diameter Track Changes in Brain State
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“At these intermediate arousal levels, the average membrane potential of infragranular cortical neurons is at its most hyperpolarized, and least variable, level”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Variations in Pupil Diameter Track Changes in Brain State
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McGinley et al., 2015 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Increases from intermediate to high arousal associated with brief (microdilations) or long-lasting increases in pupil diameter (often associated with locomotion), result in a depolarization of the membrane potential and increases in high-frequency membrane potential fluctuations from synaptic barrages”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Variations in Pupil Diameter Track Changes in Brain State
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McGinley et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Even in seemingly stable emotional states, pupil diameter can fluctuate with effort on a task (e.g. difficulty of performing a mathematical calculation) (Kahneman and Beatty, 1966), the timing of mental decisions (Einhauser et al., 2010), or changes in perception (e.g. with binocular rivalry) (Einhauser et al., 2008).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Variations in Pupil Diameter Track Changes in Brain State
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kahneman and Beatty, 1966
- Not checked yetcites Einhauser et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Einhauser et al., 2008 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Increases in arousal from low to intermediate levels result in a suppression of these low (1–10 Hz) frequency activities, a decrease in membrane potential fluctuations, and thus a decrease in spontaneous activity”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Variations in Pupil Diameter Track Changes in Brain State
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McGinley et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Previous studies had shown that active behaviors such as locomotion and whisking were associated with a reduction in low-frequency rhythmic activity”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Variations in Pupil Diameter Track Changes in Brain State
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bennett et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Crochet and Petersen, 2006
- Not checked yetcites Niell and Stryker, 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In short, locomotion and whisking require arousal, but arousal does not necessitate movement”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > States defined by pupillometry and locomotion in head-fixed mice
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Interestingly, the initiation of locomotion is preceded by a substantial increase in pupil diameter (Figures 2–4), concurrent with the reduction of low-frequency cortical local field potential synchronization and reduced hippocampal sharp wave and ripple oscillations.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > States defined by pupillometry and locomotion in head-fixed mice
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This suggests that motor processes themselves may also regulate low-frequency synchronization in sensory cortex (Schneider et al., 2014; Zagha et al., 2013) or that states associated with constricting and dilating pupils are distinct, even at the same pupil diameter”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > States defined by pupillometry and locomotion in head-fixed mice
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, in contrast with the increase in neuronal activity period prior to movement, air puff-induced arousal elicits an average decrease in the discharge rate of many cortical neurons.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > States defined by pupillometry and locomotion in head-fixed mice
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vinck et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Application of the same arousing stimulus during locomotion, when average neuronal activity is elevated, does not result in a suppression of firing, whereas a transition to locomotion that occurs following induced arousal results in an increase in neuronal discharge”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > States defined by pupillometry and locomotion in head-fixed mice
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vinck et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The variety and speed of transitions between these states and the ability to manipulate the probability of certain states by varying the timing of the experiments relative to the light cycle make mice a useful species for further investigation along these lines.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > Mice Exhibit Large, Rapid and Frequent State Changes
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The length of sleep or active periods and the rate of transition between these depends on time relative to the light cycle, with the frequency and duration of bouts of exploratory activity being much greater at the beginning, than the ending, of the active period (lights off).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > Mice Exhibit Large, Rapid and Frequent State Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Van Twyver, 1969 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As described above, even in the quiescent state devoid of overt movements, pupil dilation is associated with suppression of low-frequency, and enhancement of gamma-frequency, cortical network activities that can occur as either a rapid switching (Figure 2A) or as a graded and continuous change”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > States defined by pupillometry and locomotion in head-fixed mice
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“eliciting an increase in arousal through the delivery of an air puff to a quiescent mouse results in a significant increase in pupil diameter and strong suppression of slow rhythmic activity”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > States defined by pupillometry and locomotion in head-fixed mice
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vinck et al., 2015 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In general, free ranging mice exhibit over 100 transitions between sleep and wakefulness per 24 hour period, with the average sleep or waking period lasting <10 minutes”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > Mice Exhibit Large, Rapid and Frequent State Changes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Van Twyver, 1969 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In rodents, brief (seconds) periods of 6–10 Hz thalamocortical oscillations known as high voltage spindles can appear in the quiet resting state and are enhanced by the cessation of locomotion”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State and Exploratory Behaviors > States defined by pupillometry and locomotion in head-fixed mice
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jando et al., 1995 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Many non-sensory factors affect sensory processing, including behavioral state, motor activity and cross-modal influences (Gur et al., 1997), and their effects may collectively promote response variability (Ecker and Tolias, 2014; Goris et al., 2014; I-Chun et al., 2015).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Neuronal Variability
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Behavioral state is an important determinant of both the temporal precision of sensory responses and gamma-band synchronization.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Response Timing
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In mouse visual cortex, the S/N is small at low arousal levels, and increases at high arousal levels and during locomotion”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effect of State on Signal-to-Noise Ratio
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In cat V1, the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N; evoked/spontaneous activity) increases during waking versus sleeping, due in part to increases in spontaneous activity during sleep”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effect of State on Signal-to-Noise Ratio
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Livingstone and Hubel, 1981
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In contrast, in auditory cortex, the S/N peaks at intermediate arousal levels and may decrease strongly at high arousal levels and during locomotion”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effect of State on Signal-to-Noise Ratio
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McGinley et al., 2015 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Spontaneous or causally induced increases in arousal are associated with a monotonic increase in gamma-band synchronization both in terms of local field potential and relative membrane potential power (Lee et al., 2014; Lima et al., 2011; McGinley et al., 2015; Reimer et al., 2014; Vinck et al., 2015), and spike-local field potential phase locking”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Response Timing
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Changes in arousal result in marked multiplicative gain modulation of auditory cortical responses, with the largest responses being evoked at intermediate levels of arousal”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Response Magnitude
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McGinley et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several theoretical and empirical studies have suggested that one important temporal feature of cortical sensory processing is gamma-band (30–80 Hz) synchronization, which is beneficial for information coding (Vinck et al., 2010; Womelsdorf et al., 2012), inter-areal transmission (Bosman et al., 2012; Womelsdorf et al., 2007) and behavioral performance”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Response Timing
What the sources say
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pupil dilations during quiet wakefulness also correspond to an increase in visual responsiveness along with an enhancement of selectivity”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Response Magnitude
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vinck et al., 2015 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In V1, locomotion causes both multiplicative and additive enhancements of responses to drifting gratings”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Response Magnitude
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The degradation of sensory responses by slow wave sleep and anesthesia, in comparison to waking, are well known”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Response Magnitude
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Livingstone and Hubel, 1981
- Not checked yetcites Marguet and Harris, 2011
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Together, these findings across waking states show substantial modulation of sensory response magnitude that can be well predicted by variations in arousal.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Response Magnitude
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In contrast, in states with prominent low frequencies in cortical network activity, sensory stimuli may trigger responses that are either inappropriately weak or strong, and which do not optimally represent the spatiotemporal features of the stimulus”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Neuronal variability in firing rates is particularly high during anesthesia, possibly as a result of enhanced slow fluctuations (Arieli et al., 1996; Ecker and Tolias, 2014; Goard and Dan, 2009; Goris et al., 2014; Hasenstaub et al., 2007; I-Chun et al., 2015; Marguet and Harris, 2011; Scholvinck et al., 2015; Zagha et al., 2013).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Neuronal Variability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Arieli et al., 1996 source
- Not checked yetcites Ecker and Tolias, 2014
- Not checked yetcites Goard and Dan, 2009
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, a precise analysis of behavioral state seems to explain considerable variability in noise correlations, and poor control or knowledge of behavioral state can lead to artificial inflation.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Noise Correlations
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings reveal a strong convergence between the effects of attention and global arousal and suggest that the underlying cellular/network mechanisms may be related.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Attentional States are Sub-states of Waking
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moderate increases in LC activity enhance the cortical S/N ratio and set the conditions for optimal neural and behavioral performance, but further increasing LC discharge rates to high levels can have detrimental effects (Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“(however, in another recent study the presence of slow oscillatory events in the somatosensory cortex was not detrimental to the performance of a touch detection task, although the strength of stimulus used was supramaximal at all arousal levels) (Sachidhanandam et al., 2013).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sachidhanandam et al., 2013 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“increases the S/N and both spontaneous and evoked firing rates (Luck et al., 1997; McAdams and Maunsell, 1999b; Reynolds et al., 1999; Reynolds and Desimone, 1999)”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Attentional States are Sub-states of Waking
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Luck et al., 1997 source
- Not checked yetcites McAdams and Maunsell, 1999b
- Not checked yetcites Reynolds et al., 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Activation of receptors for these neuromodulators at intermediate levels may enhance performance on PFC dependent tasks, whereas further increases may result in a decrement in behavioral performance and reduced neural representation of that performance in the PFC (reviewed in (Arnsten, 2009; Arnsten et al., 2012)).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Locomotion increases response amplitude and decreases response variability in V1 (Figure 5) (Erisken et al., 2014)”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Brain State Shapes Sensory Responses > Effects of State on Neuronal Variability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Erisken et al., 2014 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“More than a century ago, Robert Yerkes and John Dodson (Yerkes and Dodson, 1908) proposed that increases in arousal/stress from low to moderate levels can facilitate performance on a difficult behavioral task, whereas further increases from moderate to severe can impair performance.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yerkes and Dodson, 1908 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The more similar the pattern of ECoG activity to the average of all trials, the better the performance on the visual detection task, with significant decrements in performance when the ECoG activity deviated in either direction from average (He and Zempel, 2013).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites He and Zempel, 2013
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Importantly, the performance of mice on this auditory detection task was highly state dependent, with maximal hit rate, shortest lick latency, maximal discrimination, and least behavioral bias all occurring at intermediate pupil diameters (Figure 7C).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McGinley et al., 2015 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Increases in arousal from low to intermediate, as indicated by increases in pupil diameter from small to medium, were associated with a large increase in task performance, while further increases in pupil diameter from intermediate to large were associated with a strong decrement in performance, whether or not the animal was walking at these large pupil diameters (Figure 7C).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McGinley et al., 2015 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The locus coeruleus provides the source of noradrenergic, and the basal forebrain the source of cholinergic, innervation of the cerebral cortex.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Neuromodulatory Influences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Saper et al., 2010 source
- Not checked yetcites Steriade and McCarley, 2005
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is likely that cell type, laminar location, behavioral context, and perhaps region of cortex are important variables (Beloozerova et al., 2003; Gentet et al., 2010; Reimer et al., 2014).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Intracellular Mechanisms of Variations in the Waking State
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Locomotion, as we have mentioned, is associated with a suppression of slow rhythmic activity in cortical networks, a depolarization of cortical neurons closer to action potential threshold, and enhanced visually evoked responses (Bennett et al., 2013; Polack et al., 2013; Reimer et al., 2014).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Effects that are consistent with a role in arousal of pyramidal cell networks include depolarization of cortical neurons through the reduction of a variety of membrane K+ currents (McCormick, 1992), modulation of the h-current (Wang et al., 2007), which controls neuronal and dendritic excitability (Magee, 2000), and control of synaptic transmission, through the modulation of presynaptic terminals”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Neuromodulatory Influences
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Interestingly, locomotion, as a sub-state of hyper-arousal, was associated with a strong decrease in behavioral performance, in comparison to intermediate arousal levels, which always occurred during stillness.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McGinley et al., 2015 source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Not tracking the beginning and ending points of changes in arousal may contribute significantly to the wide variations observed between studies in the effects of arousal on spontaneous cortical discharge rates.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Intracellular Mechanisms of Variations in the Waking State
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“All three measures exhibited an inverted U relationship with arousal, with the largest, most reliable, and highest S/N ratio responses occurring at the same intermediate pupil diameters that revealed optimal performance on the auditory tone-in-complex sound detection task (Figure 7).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McGinley et al., 2015 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results indicate that arousal level robustly influences behavioral performance, and this influence can take the form of an inverted U in this task, as predicted by the curvilinear component of the Yerkes-Dodson relationship (Figure 7C).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In an auditory odd-ball task, response latency upon detection of the correct stimulus was shortest at mid-pupil diameters in human subjects and the P3 evoked potential was also maximal at this level of arousal, resulting in U (latency) and inverted-U (evoked cortical field potential P3 amplitude) relationships with pupil-indexed arousal (Murphy et al., 2011).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Murphy et al., 2011 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Through the modulation of ionic currents, the release of norephinephrine or acetylcholine can not only control the membrane potential and excitability of cortical neurons, but also strongly suppress the generation of slow oscillations.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Neuromodulatory Influences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McCormick, 1992 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Stimulation of the locus coeruleus can markedly enhance auditory cortical responses and increase learning induced plasticity (Martins and Froemke, 2015).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Neuromodulatory Influences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Martins and Froemke, 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In cortical networks, nicotinic and 5HT3A receptors are often (but not exclusively) located on particular subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons (Fu et al., 2014; Griguoli and Cherubini, 2012; Jakab and Goldman-Rakic, 2000) and may contribute to modulation of waking state activities through disinhibition.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Neuromodulatory Influences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fu et al., 2014
- Not checked yetcites Griguoli and Cherubini, 2012
- Not checked yetcites Jakab and Goldman-Rakic, 2000
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These diverse findings strongly support a prominent role for both the central cholinergic and noradrenergic pathways in the rapid modulation of cortical state.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Neuromodulatory Influences
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Both cholinergic and serotoninergic systems can activate kinetically fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials in postsynaptic targets through nicotinic and 5HT3A receptors, respectively, and the discharges of both cholinergic (e.g. Figure 9C) and serotonergic neurons are strongly modulated by movement (Eggermann et al., 2014; Jacobs and Fornal, 1993) (Reimer, McGinley, McCormick, Tolias, unpub”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Neuromodulatory Influences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Eggermann et al., 2014 source
- Not checked yetcites Jacobs and Fornal, 1993
- Not checked yetcites Reimer et al., unpublished
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such fast actions may be particularly beneficial where rapid modulations in local or long range network processing are required, such as alterations in attention or in motor planning/execution.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Neuromodulatory Influences
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“While the pathways that link changes in pupil diameter with arousal are currently unknown, locus coeruleus neurons have been reported to discharge in close relation to pupil diameter on a time scale of tens of seconds (Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005; Murphy et al., 2014a) and electrical stimulation in the region of the locus coeruleus results in pupil dilation (Liu, Li, Wang, Society for Neuroscience”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Neuromodulatory Influences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005 source
- Not checked yetcites Murphy et al., 2014a
- Not checked yetcites Liu et al., 2014
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The locus coeruleus receives synaptic inputs from multiple brain regions, such as the frontal cortex, that may be involved in arousal responses to complex stimuli, including those requiring high level cognition(Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Neuromodulatory Influences
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“VIP-containing cortical inhibitory interneurons project to both somatostatin (e.g. Martinotti) and parvalbumin (e.g. basket cells) containing interneurons and have an inhibitory action on these cell types (David et al., 2007; Jiang et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; Pi et al., 2013).”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Local Circuit Mechanisms
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Interestingly, VIP-containing neurons show rapid depolarization to serotoninergic and cholinergic inputs from subcortical pathways and glutamatergic inputs from higher cortical areas, positioning these interneurons as possible effectors of multiple modulatory inputs.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Cellular and Network Mechanisms of State Control > Neural Control of Waking State – Local Circuit Mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fu et al., 2014
- Not checked yetcites Lee et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Pi et al., 2013
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“allow for a more accurate exploration of the neural mechanisms of behavior at all levels, from sensory coding, decision, to motor response”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The awake brain exhibits ever-changing activity patterns, many of which are state changes.
The paper relies on this without support.
The conventional division of wakefulness into quiet and active periods fails to capture the full granularity of behavior and neural activity.
“the prevailing approach in rodent research of dividing wakefulness into quiet and active awake periods, depending on whether animals are standing still or exhibiting exploratory movements (e.g. whisking or locomotion) almost certainly fails to capture the full granularity of both behavior and neural activity”
The paper relies on this without support.
Arousal and locomotion can be partially separated in head-fixed mice by monitoring treadmill activity, pupil size, and neural activity.
“Monitoring treadmill activity, pupil size, and neural activity has made it possible to partially disambiguate the effects of locomotion from the changes in arousal”
The paper relies on this without support.
Firing rates are highly dependent on behavioral state.
“Because firing rates are highly dependent on behavioral state, pooling neuronal responses across states is likely to dramatically increase observed neuronal variability.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The waking state constantly fluctuates, even on a second by second basis.
“Given that the waking state constantly fluctuates, even on a second by second basis, it is imperative to examine the relationship between the state of the brain/animal and its performance on behavioral tasks.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Arousal, stress, and their effects on behavior are interrelated but separable.
“Arousal, stress, and their effects on behavior are interrelated but separable.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In rodents, the density and prevalence of low frequency rhythms increase over the course of the 12 hour active period since lights off.
“For example, in rodents the density and prevalence of low frequency rhythms (Figure 1B) increase over the course of the 12 hour active period since lights off.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The awake brain exhibits ever-changing activity patterns, many of which are state changes.
“neuroscientists are faced with ever-changing patterns of activity in the awake brain, many of which take the form of state changes”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“By employing head-restrained preparations, a growing body of work has demonstrated that behavioral state fluctuations have a strong impact on neuronal gain and coding properties in primary sensory areas36,43,66–70 and modulate neuronal firing within brain-wide neuronal networks44,71–74.”
From Place and behavioral modulation of hippocampal neurons during immobility (2026) · cites this paper as [72]
In the citing paper
“Recent invasive electrophysiological recordings in non-human primates have shown that non-luminance-related fluctuations pupil diameter tracks with neural firing in ascending neuromodulatory systems, such as the locus coeruleus, confirming the well-established proposal (Kahneman, 1973) that pupil diameter is a surrogate measure for arousal and task engagement (McGinley et al., 2015).”
From The Dynamics of Functional Brain Networks: Integrated Network States during Cognitive Task Performance (2016) · cites this paper as McGinley et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“a high-alertness state can increase sensory gain and improve behavioral performance (Harris and Thiele, 2011; Maimon, 2011; McGinley et al., 2015)—often quantified as shorter reaction times (RTs)—during stimulus-detection tasks (Freeman, 1933; Broadbent, 1971; Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005)”
From Ancestral Circuits for the Coordinated Modulation of Brain State (2017) · cites this paper as McGinley et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“although hyper-arousal can be detrimental to performance in more complex tasks (Diamond et al., 2007; McGinley et al., 2015).”
From Ancestral Circuits for the Coordinated Modulation of Brain State (2017) · cites this paper as McGinley et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“High levels of arousal did not impair performance in either task, suggesting that the simple RT behavior we examine here does not exhibit the inverted U-shaped arousal-response relationship that would be characteristic of more complex behaviors that require decision making (Diamond et al., 2007; McGinley et al., 2015).”
From Ancestral Circuits for the Coordinated Modulation of Brain State (2017) · cites this paper as McGinley et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
“In a visual detection task, the reaction time of human subjects exhibited an inverted-U relationship with the degree to which ECoG activity prior to cue onset was similar to the average ECoG level.”
§ Waking State: Rapid Variations Modulate Neural and Behavioral Responses > Neural Correlates of State-Dependent Optimal Performance
“The more similar the pattern of ECoG activity to the average of all trials, the better the performance on the visual detection task, with significant decrements in performance when the ECoG activity deviated in either direction from average (He and Zempel, 2013).”
Citations
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InfluentialThalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain
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Self-citationStress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function
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Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding
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The pupil as a measure of emotional arousal and autonomic activation
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Neuronal gamma-band synchronization as a fundamental process in cortical computation
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“Increases in temporal precision and synchronization, on a millisecond time scale, of interacting networks of neurons can dramatically increase the efficacy of interneuronal communication (reviewed by (Ainsworth et al., 2012; Fries, 2009)).”
Dynamics of ongoing activity: explanation of the large variability in evoked cortical responses
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Pupil Diameter and Load on Memory
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InfluentialNeural mechanisms of spatial selective attention in areas V1, V2, and V4 of macaque visual cortex
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“…decreases noise correlations (Cohen and Maunsell, 2009; Mitchell et al., 2009), increases the S/N and both spontaneous and evoked firing rates (Luck et al., 1997; McAdams and Maunsell, 1999b; Reynolds et al., 1999; Reynolds and Desimone, 1999), and enhances gamma-synchronization (Fries et…”
Cellular and network mechanisms of rhythmic recurrent activity in neocortex
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Self-citationBreakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep
Massimini, M., Ferrarelli, F., Huber, R., Esser, S. K., Singh, H., & Tononi, G. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1117256 · Cited by 1,534 · cited 2×
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InfluentialThe Normalization Model of Attention
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Primate frontal eye fields. I. Single neurons discharging before saccades
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Modulation of Neuronal Interactions Through Neuronal Synchronization
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InfluentialCorrelated neuronal discharge rate and its implications for psychophysical performance
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Competitive Mechanisms Subserve Attention in Macaque Areas V2 and V4
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Effects of Attention on Orientation-Tuning Functions of Single Neurons in Macaque Cortical Area V4
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High-frequency, long-range coupling between prefrontal and visual cortex during attention
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“Selective inter-areal gamma-band coherence may be a mechanism to resolve this competition (Bosman et al., 2012; Gregoriou et al., 2009), but it remains unknown whether global arousal plays a similar role in regulating inter-areal coherence patterns.”
Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep
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“In contrast, the term “arousal” is generally used to signify a change in global brain state, although the possibility of fine-grained arousal in cortical networks has been proposed (Steriade and McCarley, 2005; Vyazovskiy et al., 2011; Zaborszky et al., 2015).”
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“…as arousal, attention, and awareness are ostensibly less dramatic and therefore the mechanisms of waking state variations have remained more elusive (reviewed by (Harris and Thiele, 2011; Kanwisher, 2001; Lamme, 2003; Maunsell and Treue, 2006; Reynolds and Heeger, 2009; Zagha and McCormick, 2014)).”
Pupil Size in Relation to Mental Activity during Simple Problem-Solving
Hess, E. H., & Polt, J. M. (1964) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.143.3611.1190 · Cited by 1,169 · cited 2×
“In parallel work, over the last 50 years, waking brain state has been assessed in psychophysical experiments by monitoring the diameter of the pupil (Hess and Polt, 1960, 1964; Kahneman and Beatty, 1966).”
Attention improves performance primarily by reducing interneuronal correlations
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Cortical interneurons that specialize in disinhibitory control
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“Several recent studies, in somatosensory, auditory, and visual cortical areas have revealed a disinhibitory pathway, the activation of which can increase the level of excitability of cortical pyramidal cells to sensory stimuli (Fu et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2013; Pi et al., 2013).”
InfluentialMcCormick, D. A. (1992) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(92)90012-4 · Cited by 1,117 · cited 4×
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InfluentialSelf-citationThe Asynchronous State in Cortical Circuits
Renart, A., de la Rocha, J., Bartho, P., Hollender, L., Parga, N., Reyes, A., & Harris, K. D. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1179850 · Cited by 1,106
Measuring and interpreting neuronal correlations
Cohen, M. R., & Kohn, A. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2842 · Cited by 1,059 · cited 1×
“…to many previous studies (e.g. (Kohn and Smith, 2005; Smith and Kohn, 2008)), Ecker et al. (Ecker et al., 2010) found only very weak pairwise noise correlations between well-isolated single units in V1 in the awake monkey, stimulating lively debate in the field (see (Cohen and Kohn, 2011)).”
Feature-based attention in visual cortex
Maunsell, J. H. R., & Treue, S. (2006) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.04.001 · Cited by 960 · cited 2×
“However, given the prominence of the influence of fluctuations in the waking state (e.g. attention) on visually guided performance (Maunsell and Treue, 2006; Reynolds and Heeger, 2009), it is expected that further research will reveal strong influences of arousal and attention on the ability of…”
A Cortical Circuit for Gain Control by Behavioral State
Fu, Y., Tucciarone, J. M., Espinosa, J. S., Sheng, N., Darcy, D. P., Nicoll, R. A., Huang, Z. J., & Stryker, M. P. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.050 · Cited by 937 · cited 7×
“VIP interneurons become highly active in relation to locomotion, whisking, or reinforcement signals (Fu et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2013; Pi et al., 2013).”
InfluentialHarris, K. D., & Thiele, A. (2011) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3084 · Cited by 915 · cited 2×
“…as arousal, attention, and awareness are ostensibly less dramatic and therefore the mechanisms of waking state variations have remained more elusive (reviewed by (Harris and Thiele, 2011; Kanwisher, 2001; Lamme, 2003; Maunsell and Treue, 2006; Reynolds and Heeger, 2009; Zagha and McCormick, 2014)).”
Pupil Size as Related to Interest Value of Visual Stimuli
Hess, E. H., & Polt, J. M. (1960) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.132.3423.349 · Cited by 899 · cited 2×
“In parallel work, over the last 50 years, waking brain state has been assessed in psychophysical experiments by monitoring the diameter of the pupil (Hess and Polt, 1960, 1964; Kahneman and Beatty, 1966).”
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“…nervous systems (Alnaes et al., 2014; Bradley et al., 2008; de Gee et al., 2014; Einhauser et al., 2010; Einhauser et al., 2008; Eldar et al., 2013; Gilzenrat et al., 2010; Hess and Polt, 1960, 1964; Iriki et al., 1996; Jepma and Nieuwenhuis, 2011; Kahneman and Beatty, 1966; Murphy et al., 2011;…”
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“Likewise, the intensity of slow waves in the cortical field potential slowly increases over the active period, in direct relationship to more frequent and longer sleep bouts (Curie et al., 2013; Hasan et al., 2012; Vyazovskiy et al., 2011).”
InfluentialThe Effect of Correlated Variability on the Accuracy of a Population Code
Abbott, L. F., & Dayan, P. (1999) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976699300016827 · Cited by 834 · cited 1×
“…experimentally varies widely (e.g. (Ecker et al., 2010; Zohary et al., 1994)) and their impact on the encoding accuracy of a neuronal population is an active field of theoretical research (e.g. (Abbott and Dayan, 1999; Ecker et al., 2011; Moreno-Bote et al., 2014; Sompolinsky et al., 2001)).”
Animal sleep: A review of sleep duration across phylogeny
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“Although many mammalian species have periods of exploratory inactivity accompanied by drowsiness or naps punctuating their waking periods (Campbell and Tobler, 1984; Rachalski et al., 2014), head-fixed mice may be particularly prone to this phenomenon.”
Pupil diameter covaries with BOLD activity in human locus coeruleus
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“…neurons have been reported to discharge in close relation to pupil diameter on a time scale of tens of seconds (Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005; Murphy et al., 2014a) and electrical stimulation in the region of the locus coeruleus results in pupil dilation (Liu, Li, Wang, Society for…”
Arousal and Locomotion Make Distinct Contributions to Cortical Activity Patterns and Visual Encoding
Vinck, M., Batista-Brito, R., Knoblich, U., & Cardin, J. A. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.028 · Cited by 819
Self-citationInternal brain state regulates membrane potential synchrony in barrel cortex of behaving mice
Poulet, J. F. A., & Petersen, C. C. H. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07150 · Cited by 796 · cited 4×
“Recent work in the mouse suggests that the overall level of noise correlation varies across different wakeful brain states (e.g. (Gentet et al., 2010; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; Reimer et al., 2014; Vinck et al., 2015).”
InfluentialGamma-band synchronization in visual cortex predicts speed of change detection
Womelsdorf, T., Fries, P., Mitra, P. P., & Desimone, R. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04258 · Cited by 768 · cited 1×
“…sensory processing is gamma-band (30–80 Hz) synchronization, which is beneficial for information coding (Vinck et al., 2010; Womelsdorf et al., 2012), inter-areal transmission (Bosman et al., 2012; Womelsdorf et al., 2007) and behavioral performance (Siegle et al., 2014; Womelsdorf et al., 2006).”
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“…the case of simple tasks (e.g. those that do not require high level cognition), increases in performance may be observed with nearly all increases in arousal or stress, thereby resulting in a more linear relationship between arousal and performance (Diamond et al., 2007; Yerkes and Dodson, 1908).”
A disinhibitory circuit mediates motor integration in the somatosensory cortex
Lee, S., Kruglikov, I., Huang, Z. J., Fishell, G., & Rudy, B. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3544 · Cited by 758 · cited 6×
“…cellular, and circuit levels (Bennett et al., 2013; Crochet and Petersen, 2006; Ferezou et al., 2007; Gentet et al., 2010; Haider et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; McGinley et al., 2015; Nelson et al., 2013; Niell and Stryker, 2010; Polack et al., 2013; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; Reimer et al.,…”
InfluentialDendritic integration of excitatory synaptic input
Magee, J. C. (2000) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35044552 · Cited by 737 · cited 1×
“…through the reduction of a variety of membrane K + currents (McCormick, 1992), modulation of the h-current (Wang et al., 2007), which controls neuronal and dendritic excitability (Magee, 2000), and control of synaptic transmission, through the modulation of presynaptic terminals (Gil et al., 1997).”
Cortical membrane potential signature of optimal states for sensory signal detection
McGinley, M. J., David, S. V., & McCormick, D. A. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.038 · Cited by 728 · cited 23×
“For example, the presence of these different types of synaptic and membrane potential dynamics at low and high arousal states results in a U-shaped relationship between arousal and average cortical membrane potential in deep layer neurons of the auditory cortex (McGinley et al., 2015).”
InfluentialSelf-citationRational regulation of learning dynamics by pupil-linked arousal systems
Nassar, M. R., Rumsey, K. M., Wilson, R. C., Parikh, K., Heasly, B., & Gold, J. I. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3130 · Cited by 722 · cited 2×
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Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Cortical Sensorimotor Integration in Behaving Mice
Férézou, I., Haiss, F., Gentet, L. J., Aronoff, R., Weber, B., & Petersen, C. C. H. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.007 · Cited by 721 · cited 2×
“…quiet wakefulness on cortical and subcortical activity at synaptic, cellular, and circuit levels (Bennett et al., 2013; Crochet and Petersen, 2006; Ferezou et al., 2007; Gentet et al., 2010; Haider et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; McGinley et al., 2015; Nelson et al., 2013; Niell and Stryker,…”
Attentional stimulus selection through selective synchronization between monkey visual areas
Bosman, C. A., Schoffelen, J.-M., Brunet, N., Oostenveld, R., Bastos, A. M., Womelsdorf, T., Rubehn, B., Stieglitz, T., De Weerd, P., & Fries, P. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.06.037 · Cited by 720 · cited 2×
“Selective inter-areal gamma-band coherence may be a mechanism to resolve this competition (Bosman et al., 2012; Gregoriou et al., 2009), but it remains unknown whether global arousal plays a similar role in regulating inter-areal coherence patterns.”
Pupil fluctuations track fast switching of cortical states during quiet wakefulness
Reimer, J., Froudarakis, E., Cadwell, C. R., Yatsenko, D., Denfield, G. H., & Tolias, A. S. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.09.033 · Cited by 717 · cited 20×
“…et al., 2007; Gentet et al., 2010; Haider et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; McGinley et al., 2015; Nelson et al., 2013; Niell and Stryker, 2010; Polack et al., 2013; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; Reimer et al., 2014; Scholvinck et al., 2015; Vinck et al., 2015; Zagha et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2014).”
InfluentialSpatial attention decorrelates intrinsic activity fluctuations in macaque area V4
Mitchell, J. F., Sundberg, K. A., & Reynolds, J. H. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.013 · Cited by 710 · cited 2×
“Further, changes in arousal, attentional state and neuronal excitability modulate the level of correlated variability in sensory cortex (Cohen and Maunsell, 2009; Ecker et al., 2010; Ecker and Tolias, 2014; Goris et al., 2014; I-Chun et al., 2015; Mitchell et al., 2009).”
Neuromodulation of Brain States
Lee, S., & Dan, Y. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.012 · Cited by 697 · cited 1×
“However, it is highly likely that other systems are also involved (reviewed in (Lee et al., 2013; Lee and Dan, 2012; Zagha and McCormick, 2014)).”
Interaction of sensory responses with spontaneous depolarization in layer 2/3 barrel cortex
Petersen, C. C. H., Hahn, T. T. G., Mehta, M. R., Grinvald, A., & Sakmann, B. J. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2235811100 · Cited by 679 · cited 1×
“…may trigger responses that are either inappropriately weak or strong, and which do not optimally represent the spatiotemporal features of the stimulus (Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Massimini et al., 2005; Petersen et al., 2003; Worgotter et al., 1998; Zagha et al., 2013).”
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Self-citationDifferential attention-dependent response modulation across cell classes in macaque visual area V4
Mitchell, J. F., Sundberg, K. A., & Reynolds, J. H. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.06.018 · Cited by 665 · cited 1×
“Selective attention reduces neuronal variability (Mitchell et al., 2007), decreases noise correlations (Cohen and Maunsell, 2009; Mitchell et al., 2009), increases the S/N and both spontaneous and evoked firing rates (Luck et al., 1997; McAdams and Maunsell, 1999b; Reynolds et al., 1999; Reynolds…”
Decorrelated neuronal firing in cortical microcircuits
Ecker, A. S., Berens, P., Keliris, G. A., Bethge, M., Logothetis, N. K., & Tolias, A. S. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1179867 · Cited by 640
Self-citationCellular mechanisms of brain state-dependent gain modulation in visual cortex
Polack, P.-O., Friedman, J., & Golshani, P. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3464 · Cited by 628 · cited 12×
“…transition to slow oscillatory activity quickly following a bout of locomotion or whisking (e.g. ( Crochet and Petersen, 2006; Gentet et al., 2010; Polack et al., 2013)) (Figures 1B), even though the pupil usually is still large at the end of running periods (e.g. Figures 2–4) (McGinley et al.,…”
InfluentialSpatial and Temporal Scales of Neuronal Correlation in Primary Visual Cortex
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“In contrast to many previous studies (e.g. (Kohn and Smith, 2005; Smith and Kohn, 2008)), Ecker et al. (Ecker et al., 2010) found only very weak pairwise noise correlations between well-isolated single units in V1 in the awake monkey, stimulating lively debate in the field (see (Cohen and Kohn,…”
Spontaneous Events Outline the Realm of Possible Sensory Responses in Neocortical Populations
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“However, spontaneous activity is not random and is determined by the operation of similar or the same neural circuits involved in sensory responses (Arieli et al., 1996; Luczak et al., 2009).”
Effects of sleep and arousal on the processing of visual information in the cat
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“The degradation of sensory responses by slow wave sleep and anesthesia, in comparison to waking, are well known (e.g. (Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Marguet and Harris, 2011)).”
InfluentialA synaptic and circuit basis for corollary discharge in the auditory cortex
Schneider, D. M., Nelson, A., & Mooney, R. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13724 · Cited by 580 · cited 4×
“This suggests that motor processes themselves may also regulate low-frequency synchronization in sensory cortex (Schneider et al., 2014; Zagha et al., 2013) or that states associated with constricting and dilating pupils are distinct, even at the same pupil diameter (Reimer et al., 2014).”
InfluentialDestexhe, A., Contreras, D., & Steriade, M. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-11-04595.1999 · Cited by 573 · cited 1×
“…in spontaneous activity, the ability to execute motor commands, responses to sensory stimuli and the fidelity of internal representations of the world (Destexhe et al., 1999; Esser et al., 2009; Hennevin et al., 2007; Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Massimini et al., 2005; Steriade et al., 2001).”
Information-limiting correlations
Moreno‐Bote, R., Beck, J. M., Kanitscheider, I., Pitkow, X., Latham, P. E., & Pouget, A. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3807 · Cited by 565 · cited 1×
“…experimentally varies widely (e.g. (Ecker et al., 2010; Zohary et al., 1994)) and their impact on the encoding accuracy of a neuronal population is an active field of theoretical research (e.g. (Abbott and Dayan, 1999; Ecker et al., 2011; Moreno-Bote et al., 2014; Sompolinsky et al., 2001)).”
Basal forebrain activation enhances cortical coding of natural scenes
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“Stimulation of the basal forebrain can have many of the same effects as those associated with arousal and locomotion, including increased amplitude and precision of sensory evoked responses (Goard and Dan, 2009; Pinto et al., 2013).”
Correlating whisker behavior with membrane potential in barrel cortex of awake mice
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“…studies, cortical neurons have been observed to transition to slow oscillatory activity quickly following a bout of locomotion or whisking (e.g. ( Crochet and Petersen, 2006; Gentet et al., 2010; Polack et al., 2013)) (Figures 1B), even though the pupil usually is still large at the end of…”
InfluentialDifferential regulation of neocortical synapses by neuromodulators and activity
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“…through the reduction of a variety of membrane K + currents (McCormick, 1992), modulation of the h-current (Wang et al., 2007), which controls neuronal and dendritic excitability (Magee, 2000), and control of synaptic transmission, through the modulation of presynaptic terminals (Gil et al., 1997).”
Inhibition dominates sensory responses in the awake cortex
Haider, B., Häusser, M., & Carandini, M. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11665 · Cited by 547 · cited 1×
“…activity at synaptic, cellular, and circuit levels (Bennett et al., 2013; Crochet and Petersen, 2006; Ferezou et al., 2007; Gentet et al., 2010; Haider et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; McGinley et al., 2015; Nelson et al., 2013; Niell and Stryker, 2010; Polack et al., 2013; Poulet and Petersen,…”
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“These striking effects are consistent with those previously reported to occur in the transition from quiet rest to exploration in freely moving animals (reviewed in (Buzsaki, 2006; Murthy and Fetz, 1996; Vanderwolf et al., 1975)).”
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“Pharmacological investigations indicate that this relationship depends upon the level of release of neuromodulators, such as dopamine and norepinephrine (Arnsten, 2009; Arnsten et al., 2012).”
Pupil dilation signals surprise: evidence for noradrenaline’s role in decision making
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“…and Polt, 1960, 1964; Iriki et al., 1996; Jepma and Nieuwenhuis, 2011; Kahneman and Beatty, 1966; Murphy et al., 2011; Murphy et al., 2014b; Nassar et al., 2012; Nishiyama et al., 2007; Onorati et al., 2013; Preuschoff et al., 2011; Tursky et al., 1969; Wierda et al., 2012; Wilhelm et al., 2001).”
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“…gain”, as well as heart rate and galvanic skin reflex, indicating a tight coupling between the state of the central and peripheral nervous systems (Alnaes et al., 2014; Bradley et al., 2008; de Gee et al., 2014; Einhauser et al., 2010; Einhauser et al., 2008; Eldar et al., 2013; Gilzenrat et…”
Stimulus Dependence of Neuronal Correlation in Primary Visual Cortex of the Macaque
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“In contrast to many previous studies (e.g. (Kohn and Smith, 2005; Smith and Kohn, 2008)), Ecker et al. (Ecker et al., 2010) found only very weak pairwise noise correlations between well-isolated single units in V1 in the awake monkey, stimulating lively debate in the field (see (Cohen and Kohn,…”
Fast modulation of visual perception by basal forebrain cholinergic neurons
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“Stimulation of the basal forebrain can have many of the same effects as those associated with arousal and locomotion, including increased amplitude and precision of sensory evoked responses (Goard and Dan, 2009; Pinto et al., 2013).”
Baseline brain activity fluctuations predict somatosensory perception in humans
Boly, M., Balteau, E., Schnakers, C., Degueldre, C., Moonen, G., Luxen, A., Phillips, C., Peigneux, P., Maquet, P., & Laureys, S. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0611404104 · Cited by 529 · cited 2×
“…the marked impact of apparent spontaneous variations in the human waking state on both cortical responses and perceptual abilities has begun to be more widely appreciated (Boly et al., 2007; Fox and Raichle, 2007; He, 2013; Hesselmann et al., 2008a; Hesselmann et al., 2008b; Palva and Palva, 2011).”
Partitioning neuronal variability
Goris, R. L. T., Movshon, J. A., & Simoncelli, E. P. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3711 · Cited by 528 · cited 7×
“…significant changes in sensory-motor processing and behavioral performance (Buzsaki, 2006; Cohen and Maunsell, 2010, 2011; Gervasoni et al., 2004; Goris et al., 2014; I-Chun et al., 2015; McGinley et al., 2015; Niell and Stryker, 2010; Polack et al., 2013; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; Reimer et…”
InfluentialPupillometry and P3 index the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic arousal function in humans
Murphy, P. R., Robertson, I. H., Balsters, J. H., & O'connell, R. G. (2011) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01226.x · Cited by 519 · cited 2×
“…of the correct stimulus was shortest at mid-pupil diameters in human subjects and the P3 evoked potential was also maximal at this level of arousal, resulting in U (latency) and inverted-U (evoked cortical field potential P3 amplitude) relationships with pupil-indexed arousal (Murphy et al., 2011).”
Role of Reticular Activation in the Modulation of Intracortical Synchronization
Munk, M. H. J., Roelfsema, P. R., Peter König, B., Engel, A. K., & Singer, W. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.272.5259.271 · Cited by 500 · cited 1×
“…in gamma-band synchronization both in terms of local field potential and relative membrane potential power (Lee et al., 2014; Lima et al., 2011; McGinley et al., 2015; Reimer et al., 2014; Vinck et al., 2015), and spike-local field potential phase locking (Munk et al., 1996; Vinck et al., 2015).”
Hippocampal network patterns of activity in the mouse
Buzsáki, G., Buhl, D. L., Harris, K. D., Csicsvari, J., Czéh, B., & Morozov, A. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00669-3 · Cited by 486 · cited 2×
“Movement or arousal results in a pronounced suppression of this thalamocortical rhythm (Buzsaki, 2006; Buzsaki et al., 2003).”
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5-HT and motor control: a hypothesis
Jacobs, B. L., & Fornal, C. A. (1993) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90090-9 · Cited by 452 · cited 1×
“…targets through nicotinic and 5HT 3A receptors, respectively, and the discharges of both cholinergic (e.g. Figure 9C) and serotonergic neurons are strongly modulated by movement (Eggermann et al., 2014; Jacobs and Fornal, 1993) (Reimer, McGinley, McCormick, Tolias, unpublished observations).”
Unique functional properties of somatostatin-expressing GABAergic neurons in mouse barrel cortex
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“Somatostatin-containing interneurons decrease their activity during locomotion (Fu et al., 2014; Gentet et al., 2012; Reimer et al., 2014).”
Membrane potential dynamics of GABAergic neurons in the barrel cortex of behaving mice
Gentet, L. J., Avermann, M., Matyas, F., Staiger, J. F., & Petersen, C. C. H. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.01.006 · Cited by 429 · cited 8×
“Recent work in the mouse suggests that the overall level of noise correlation varies across different wakeful brain states (e.g. (Gentet et al., 2010; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; Reimer et al., 2014; Vinck et al., 2015).”
InfluentialIntegration of visual motion and locomotion in mouse visual cortex
Saleem, A. B., Ayaz, A., Jeffery, K. J., Harris, K. D., & Carandini, M. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3567 · Cited by 418 · cited 1×
“…of locomotion on the spontaneous discharge rates of presumed pyramidal neurons recorded in other layers is more diverse (Ayaz et al., 2013; Beloozerova et al., 2003; Bennett et al., 2013; Nelson et al., 2013; Saleem et al., 2013; Schneider et al., 2014; Vinck et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2014).”
Decision-related pupil dilation reflects upcoming choice and individual bias
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“…skin reflex, indicating a tight coupling between the state of the central and peripheral nervous systems (Alnaes et al., 2014; Bradley et al., 2008; de Gee et al., 2014; Einhauser et al., 2010; Einhauser et al., 2008; Eldar et al., 2013; Gilzenrat et al., 2010; Hess and Polt, 1960, 1964; Iriki et…”
The effects of neural gain on attention and learning
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Membrane potential correlates of sensory perception in mouse barrel cortex
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“…et al., 2011) (however, in another recent study the presence of slow oscillatory events in the somatosensory cortex was not detrimental to the performance of a touch detection task, although the strength of stimulus used was supramaximal at all arousal levels) (Sachidhanandam et al., 2013).”
The Role of Neural Mechanisms of Attention in Solving the Binding Problem
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Pupil dilation reflects perceptual selection and predicts subsequent stability in perceptual rivalry
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“…emotional states, pupil diameter can fluctuate with effort on a task (e.g. difficulty of performing a mathematical calculation) (Kahneman and Beatty, 1966), the timing of mental decisions (Einhauser et al., 2010), or changes in perception (e.g. with binocular rivalry) (Einhauser et al., 2008).”
Behavioral Modulation of Tactile Responses in the Rat Somatosensory System
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“…to high arousal, punctate whisker deflection stimuli can evoke larger responses in the low frequency synchronized than the activated state in somatosensory cortex (Crochet and Petersen, 2006; Fanselow and Nicolelis, 1999; Ferezou et al., 2007; Hentschke et al., 2006; Krupa et al., 2004).”
The organization of two new cortical interneuronal circuits
Jiang, X., Wang, G., Lee, A. J., Stornetta, R. L., & Zhu, J. J. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3305 · Cited by 338
State Dependence of Noise Correlations in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
Ecker, A. S., Berens, P., Cotton, R. J., Subramaniyan, M., Denfield, G. H., Cadwell, C. R., Smirnakis, S. M., Bethge, M., & Tolias, A. S. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.006 · Cited by 338 · cited 7×
“For example, noise correlations are generally high during anesthesia or synchronized network states (Ecker et al., 2014; Renart et al., 2010) and low during desynchronized states of wakefulness (Ecker et al., 2010; Ecker and Tolias, 2014; Renart et al., 2010).”
InfluentialSelf-citationSpontaneous local variations in ongoing neural activity bias perceptual decisions
Hesselmann, G., Kell, C. A., Eger, E., & Kleinschmidt, A. K. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0712043105 · Cited by 333 · cited 2×
“…the marked impact of apparent spontaneous variations in the human waking state on both cortical responses and perceptual abilities has begun to be more widely appreciated (Boly et al., 2007; Fox and Raichle, 2007; He, 2013; Hesselmann et al., 2008a; Hesselmann et al., 2008b; Palva and Palva, 2011).”
Global Forebrain Dynamics Predict Rat Behavioral States and Their Transitions
Gervasoni, D., Lin, S., Ribeiro, S. T. G., Soares, E. S., Pantoja, J., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3524-04.2004 · Cited by 328 · cited 3×
“…by a set of measurable neural and/or behavioral variables, which, when plotted on a multi-dimensional graph (a state space), would yield statistically-separable clusters, extending what is currently done to coarsely differentiate wakeful and sleeping states (Figure 1C) (Gervasoni et al., 2004).”
Population coding in neuronal systems with correlated noise
Sompolinsky, H., Yoon, H., Kang, K., & Shamir, M. (2001) · Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics · doi:10.1103/physreve.64.051904 · Cited by 325 · cited 1×
“…experimentally varies widely (e.g. (Ecker et al., 2010; Zohary et al., 1994)) and their impact on the encoding accuracy of a neuronal population is an active field of theoretical research (e.g. (Abbott and Dayan, 1999; Ecker et al., 2011; Moreno-Bote et al., 2014; Sompolinsky et al., 2001)).”
Pupil dilation deconvolution reveals the dynamics of attention at high temporal resolution
Wierda, S. M., van Rijn, H., Taatgen, N., & Martens, S. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1201858109 · Cited by 321 · cited 1×
“…and Polt, 1960, 1964; Iriki et al., 1996; Jepma and Nieuwenhuis, 2011; Kahneman and Beatty, 1966; Murphy et al., 2011; Murphy et al., 2014b; Nassar et al., 2012; Nishiyama et al., 2007; Onorati et al., 2013; Preuschoff et al., 2011; Tursky et al., 1969; Wierda et al., 2012; Wilhelm et al., 2001).”
Scaling down of balanced excitation and inhibition by active behavioral states in auditory cortex
Zhou, M., Liang, F., Xiong, X. R., Li, L., Li, H., Xiao, Z., Tao, H. W., & Zhang, L. I. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3701 · Cited by 312 · cited 3×
“…et al., 2007; Gentet et al., 2010; Haider et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; McGinley et al., 2015; Nelson et al., 2013; Niell and Stryker, 2010; Polack et al., 2013; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; Reimer et al., 2014; Scholvinck et al., 2015; Vinck et al., 2015; Zagha et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2014).”
Pupillary, heart rate, and skin resistance changes during a mental task.
Kahneman, D. J., Tursky, B., Shapiro, D., & Crider, A. B. (1969) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0026952 · Cited by 302 · cited 1×
“…and Polt, 1960, 1964; Iriki et al., 1996; Jepma and Nieuwenhuis, 2011; Kahneman and Beatty, 1966; Murphy et al., 2011; Murphy et al., 2014b; Nassar et al., 2012; Nishiyama et al., 2007; Onorati et al., 2013; Preuschoff et al., 2011; Tursky et al., 1969; Wierda et al., 2012; Wilhelm et al., 2001).”
Subthreshold mechanisms underlying state-dependent modulation of visual responses
Bennett, C., Arroyo, S., & Hestrin, S. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.08.007 · Cited by 292 · cited 9×
“In mouse visual cortex, the S/N is small at low arousal levels, and increases at high arousal levels and during locomotion (Figures 5, 6) (Bennett et al., 2013; Niell and Stryker, 2010; Vinck et al., 2015).”
InfluentialEffects of Attention on the Reliability of Individual Neurons in Monkey Visual Cortex
McAdams, C. J., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)80034-9 · Cited by 286 · cited 2×
“Particularly interesting are multiplicative amplitude modulations of the response tuning function since they preserve feature selectivity (Desimone and Duncan, 1995; McAdams and Maunsell, 1999a, b; Reynolds and Heeger, 2009).”
Brody, C. D., Romo, R., & Kepecs, A. (2003) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(03)00050-3 · Cited by 284 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, some state variables may exert a graded effect on the character of wakefulness, rather than triggering transitions between discrete states (Brody et al., 2003; Ecker et al., 2014).”
Záborszky, L., Csordás, A., Mosca, K., Kim, J., Gielow, M. R., Vadász, C., & Nádasdy, Z. (2013) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht210 · Cited by 284 · cited 1×
“In contrast, the term “arousal” is generally used to signify a change in global brain state, although the possibility of fine-grained arousal in cortical networks has been proposed (Steriade and McCarley, 2005; Vyazovskiy et al., 2011; Zaborszky et al., 2015).”
Identification of a brainstem circuit regulating visual cortical state in parallel with locomotion
Lee, A. M., Hoy, J. L., Bonci, A., Wilbrecht, L., Stryker, M. P., & Niell, C. M. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.031 · Cited by 282 · cited 2×
“The high correlation between movement and basal forebrain cholinergic activity (Eggermann et al., 2014), and neurons in the region of the brainstem cholinergic nuclei (Lee et al., 2014) suggests that there may also be a high correlation between pupil diameter and the activity of these neurons.”
Response variability of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) of alert monkeys
Gur, M., Beylin, A., & Snodderly, D. M. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-08-02914.1997 · Cited by 277 · cited 1×
“Many non-sensory factors affect sensory processing, including behavioral state, motor activity and cross-modal influences (Gur et al., 1997), and their effects may collectively promote response variability (Ecker and Tolias, 2014; Goris et al., 2014; I-Chun et al., 2015).”
Spontaneous and Task-Evoked Brain Activity Negatively Interact
He, B. J. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2922-12.2013 · Cited by 272 · cited 1×
“…the marked impact of apparent spontaneous variations in the human waking state on both cortical responses and perceptual abilities has begun to be more widely appreciated (Boly et al., 2007; Fox and Raichle, 2007; He, 2013; Hesselmann et al., 2008a; Hesselmann et al., 2008b; Palva and Palva, 2011).”
Motor cortex feedback influences sensory processing by modulating network state
Zagha, E., Casale, A. E., Sachdev, R. N. S., McGinley, M. J., & McCormick, D. A. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.06.008 · Cited by 268 · cited 14×
“…auditory cortical neurons are frequently observed, and these oscillations are strongly suppressed by the initiation of whisking or locomotion (Bennett et al., 2013; Crochet and Petersen, 2006; Gentet et al., 2010; McGinley et al., 2015; Polack et al., 2013; Reimer et al., 2014; Zagha et al., 2013).”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe Effect of Noise Correlations in Populations of Diversely Tuned NeuronsPreprint
Ecker, A. S., Berens, P., Tolias, A. S., & Bethge, M. (2011) · Nature Precedings · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2539-11.2011 · Cited by 263 · cited 2×
“When it is of unknown origin, this variability is typically regarded as ‘noise,’ but may actually reflect internally generated signals (e.g. (Ecker et al., 2014; Ecker et al., 2010; Ecker et al., 2011; Goris et al., 2014; I-Chun et al., 2015; Scholvinck et al., 2015; Shadlen and Newsome, 1998)).”
Self-citationEffects of locomotion extend throughout the mouse early visual system
Erisken, S., Vaiceliunaite, A., Jurjut, O., Fiorini, M., Katzner, S., & Busse, L. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.045 · Cited by 256 · cited 2×
“Locomotion increases response amplitude and decreases response variability in V1 (Figure 5) (Erisken et al., 2014) whereas in L5 of auditory cortex, variability is increased during low and high arousal (either during quiet or active waking), but reduced at intermediate arousal (McGinley et al.,…”
Hippocampal Rhythmic Slow Activity and Neocortical Low-Voltage Fast Activity: Relations to Behavior
Vanderwolf, C. H., Kramis, R. C., Gillespie, L. A., & Bland, B. H. (1975) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2979-4_3 · Cited by 253 · cited 1×
“These striking effects are consistent with those previously reported to occur in the transition from quiet rest to exploration in freely moving animals (reviewed in (Buzsaki, 2006; Murthy and Fetz, 1996; Vanderwolf et al., 1975)).”
Neural events and perceptual awareness
Kanwisher, N. (2001) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00125-6 · Cited by 253 · cited 1×
“…as arousal, attention, and awareness are ostensibly less dramatic and therefore the mechanisms of waking state variations have remained more elusive (reviewed by (Harris and Thiele, 2011; Kanwisher, 2001; Lamme, 2003; Maunsell and Treue, 2006; Reynolds and Heeger, 2009; Zagha and McCormick, 2014)).”
Locomotion controls spatial integration in mouse visual cortex
Ayaz, A., Saleem, A. B., Schölvinck, M. L., & Carandini, M. (2013) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.012 · Cited by 249 · cited 2×
“However, the effects of locomotion on the spontaneous discharge rates of presumed pyramidal neurons recorded in other layers is more diverse (Ayaz et al., 2013; Beloozerova et al., 2003; Bennett et al., 2013; Nelson et al., 2013; Saleem et al., 2013; Schneider et al., 2014; Vinck et al., 2015; Zhou…”
Cholinergic signals in mouse barrel cortex during active whisker sensing
Eggermann, E., Kremer, Y., Crochet, S., & Petersen, C. C. H. (2014) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.11.005 · Cited by 234 · cited 5×
“…Cortex; LC - Locus Coeruleus; IML – Intralaminar neurons of the spinal cord; PV – Parvalbumin containing interneurons; SCG – Superior Cervical Ganglion; SOM – somatostatin containing interneurons; VIP – vasoactive intestinal peptide containing interneurons; C and D from (Eggermann et al., 2014).”
InfluentialCoordinated forms of noradrenergic plasticity in the locus coeruleus and primary auditory cortex
Martins, A. R. O., & Froemke, R. C. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4090 · Cited by 233 · cited 1×
“Stimulation of the locus coeruleus can markedly enhance auditory cortical responses and increase learning induced plasticity (Martins and Froemke, 2015).”
The Nature of Shared Cortical Variability
Lin, I.-C., Okun, M., Carandini, M., & Harris, K. D. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.06.035 · Cited by 232 · cited 6×
“Many non-sensory factors affect sensory processing, including behavioral state, motor activity and cross-modal influences (Gur et al., 1997), and their effects may collectively promote response variability (Ecker and Tolias, 2014; Goris et al., 2014; I-Chun et al., 2015).”
InfluentialAtiani, S., Elhilali, M., David, S. V., Fritz, J. B., & Shamma, S. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.12.027 · Cited by 222 · cited 1×
“Mice were trained on a Go/No-Go task in which they were given a liquid reward upon licking as a response to detection of the presence of a pure tone embedded in a complex noise stimulus (Figure 7A,B) (Atiani et al., 2009).”
Brain Control of Wakefulness and Sleep
Steriade, M., & McCarley, R. W. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/b102230 · Cited by 221
de Kock, C. P. J., & Sakmann, B. J. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0904143106 · Cited by 219 · cited 1×
“For example, a subset of layer 5 pyramidal neurons throughout the cortex is activated by movement (Beloozerova et al., 2003; de Kock and Sakmann, 2009; McGinley et al., 2015).”
A circuit for motor cortical modulation of auditory cortical activity
Nelson, A., Schneider, D. M., Takatoh, J., Sakurai, K., Wang, F., & Mooney, R. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2275-13.2013 · Cited by 213 · cited 4×
“…et al., 2013; Crochet and Petersen, 2006; Ferezou et al., 2007; Gentet et al., 2010; Haider et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; McGinley et al., 2015; Nelson et al., 2013; Niell and Stryker, 2010; Polack et al., 2013; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; Reimer et al., 2014; Scholvinck et al., 2015; Vinck et…”
InfluentialPupil-Linked Arousal Determines Variability in Perceptual Decision Making
Murphy, P. R., Vandekerckhove, J., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2014) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003854 · Cited by 205 · cited 4×
“…Gilzenrat et al., 2010; Hess and Polt, 1960, 1964; Iriki et al., 1996; Jepma and Nieuwenhuis, 2011; Kahneman and Beatty, 1966; Murphy et al., 2011; Murphy et al., 2014b; Nassar et al., 2012; Nishiyama et al., 2007; Onorati et al., 2013; Preuschoff et al., 2011; Tursky et al., 1969; Wierda et al.,…”
InfluentialCortical state determines global variability and correlations in visual cortex
Schölvinck, M. L., Saleem, A. B., Benucci, A., Harris, K. D., & Carandini, M. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4994-13.2015 · Cited by 198 · cited 5×
“…et al., 2007; Gentet et al., 2010; Haider et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; McGinley et al., 2015; Nelson et al., 2013; Niell and Stryker, 2010; Polack et al., 2013; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; Reimer et al., 2014; Scholvinck et al., 2015; Vinck et al., 2015; Zagha et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2014).”
InfluentialState changes rapidly modulate cortical neuronal responsiveness
Hasenstaub, A., Sachdev, R. N. S., & McCormick, D. A. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2184-07.2007 · Cited by 196 · cited 3×
“However, the ability of somatosensory cortex to accurately represent complex whisker deflections is facilitated by cortical activation (Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Zagha et al., 2013), suggesting that the enhanced responses to punctate stimuli during low frequency oscillatory states may be unique to…”
Self-citationState-dependent receptive-field restructuring in the visual cortex
Wörgötter, F., Suder, K., Zhao, Y., Kerscher, N., Eysel, U. T., & Funke, K. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/24157 · Cited by 192 · cited 2×
“In contrast, in states with prominent low frequencies in cortical network activity, sensory stimuli may trigger responses that are either inappropriately weak or strong, andwhich do not optimally represent the spatiotemporal features of the stimulus (Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Massimini et a…”
Zagha, E., & McCormick, D. A. (2014) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2014.09.010 · Cited by 191 · cited 3×
“…of higher frequency synaptic barrages (including gamma synchronization) with cortical activation (Figure 8B), although additional direct effects of neuromodulators on neuronal membrane potential (e.g. depolarization) likely contribute (reviewed in (McCormick, 1992; Zagha and McCormick, 2014)).”
Self-citationGamma-phase shifting in awake monkey visual cortex
Vinck, M., Lima, B., Womelsdorf, T., Oostenveld, R., Singer, W., Neuenschwander, S., & Fries, P. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1623-09.2010 · Cited by 189 · cited 1×
“…one important temporal feature of cortical sensory processing is gamma-band (30–80 Hz) synchronization, which is beneficial for information coding (Vinck et al., 2010; Womelsdorf et al., 2012), inter-areal transmission (Bosman et al., 2012; Womelsdorf et al., 2007) and behavioral performance…”
Self-citationJakab, R., & Goldman-Rakic, P. (2000) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000214)417:3 · Cited by 188
A Neuronal Population Measure of Attention Predicts Behavioral Performance on Individual Trials
Cohen, M. R., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2171-10.2010 · Cited by 181 · cited 2×
“…between numerous sub-states that are associated with significant changes in sensory-motor processing and behavioral performance (Buzsaki, 2006; Cohen and Maunsell, 2010, 2011; Gervasoni et al., 2004; Goris et al., 2014; I-Chun et al., 2015; McGinley et al., 2015; Niell and Stryker, 2010;…”
Daytime variations in central nervous system activation measured by a pupillographic sleepiness test
Wilhelm, B., Giedke, H., Lüdtke, H., Bittner, E., Hofmann, A., & Wilhelm, H. (2001) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00239.x · Cited by 167 · cited 2×
“In human studies, drowsiness during the performance of a routine task, such as simulated driving, can be associated with wide variations in arousal and performance that are reflected by large fluctuations in pupil diameter (Kristjansson et al., 2009; Wilhelm et al., 2001).”
Sleep patterns of five rodent species
Van Twyver, H. (1969) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(69)90038-9 · Cited by 158 · cited 1×
“In general, free ranging mice exhibit over 100 transitions between sleep and wakefulness per 24 hour period, with the average sleep or waking period lasting 10 minutes (Van Twyver, 1969).”
Pupil dilation betrays the timing of decisions
Einhäuser, W. (2010) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2010.00018 · Cited by 149 · cited 3×
“…a tight coupling between the state of the central and peripheral nervous systems (Alnaes et al., 2014; Bradley et al., 2008; de Gee et al., 2014; Einhauser et al., 2010; Einhauser et al., 2008; Eldar et al., 2013; Gilzenrat et al., 2010; Hess and Polt, 1960, 1964; Iriki et al., 1996; Jepma and…”
Rates and rhythms: a synergistic view of frequency and temporal coding in neuronal networks
Ainsworth, M., Lee, S., Cunningham, M. O., Traub, R. D., Kopell, N. J., & Whittington, M. A. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.004 · Cited by 149 · cited 1×
“Increases in temporal precision and synchronization, on a millisecond time scale, of interacting networks of neurons can dramatically increase the efficacy of interneuronal communication (reviewed by (Ainsworth et al., 2012; Fries, 2009)).”
Ongoing Activity Fluctuations in hMT+ Bias the Perception of Coherent Visual Motion
Hesselmann, G., Kell, C. A., & Kleinschmidt, A. K. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4398-08.2008 · Cited by 149 · cited 2×
“…the marked impact of apparent spontaneous variations in the human waking state on both cortical responses and perceptual abilities has begun to be more widely appreciated (Boly et al., 2007; Fox and Raichle, 2007; He, 2013; Hesselmann et al., 2008a; Hesselmann et al., 2008b; Palva and Palva, 2011).”
Gamma-range synchronization of fast-spiking interneurons can enhance detection of tactile stimuli
Siegle, J. H., Pritchett, D. L., & Moore, C. I. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3797 · Cited by 143 · cited 1×
“…sensory processing is gamma band (30–80 Hz) synchronization, which is beneficial for information coding (Vinck et al., 2010; Womelsdorf et al., 2012), interareal transmission (Bosman et al., 2012; Womelsdorf et al., 2007), and behavioral performance (Siegle et al., 2014; Womelsdorf et al., 2006).”
Neural representations during sleep: From sensory processing to memory traces
Hennevin, E., Huetz, C., & Edeline, J.-M. (2007) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2006.10.006 · Cited by 133
Enhancement of visual responsiveness by spontaneous local network activity in vivo
Haider, B., Duque, A., Hasenstaub, A. R., Yu, Y., & McCormick, D. A. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01114.2006 · Cited by 130 · cited 4×
“However, the ability of somatosensory cortex to accurately represent complex whisker deflections is facilitated by cortical activation (Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Zagha et al., 2013), suggesting that the enhanced responses to punctate stimuli during low frequency oscillatory states may be unique to…”
InfluentialSelf-citationActivity of different classes of neurons of the motor cortex during locomotion
Beloozerova, I. N., Sirota, M. G., & Swadlow, H. A. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-01087.2003 · Cited by 126 · cited 3×
“…effects of locomotion on the spontaneous discharge rates of presumed pyramidal neurons recorded in other layers is more diverse (Ayaz et al., 2013; Beloozerova et al., 2003; Bennett et al., 2013; Nelson et al., 2013; Saleem et al., 2013; Schneider et al., 2014; Vinck et al., 2015; Zhou et al.,…”
Dávid, C., Schleicher, A., Zuschratter, W., & Staiger, J. F. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05496.x · Cited by 120 · cited 1×
“VIP-containing cortical inhibitory interneurons project to both somatostatin (e.g. Martinotti) and parvalbumin (e.g. basket cells) containing interneurons and have an inhibitory action on these cell types (David et al., 2007; Jiang et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; Pi et al., 2013).”
Neocortical networks entrain neuronal circuits in cerebellar cortex
Roš, H., Sachdev, R. N. S., Yu, Y., Šestan, N., & McCormick, D. A. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2327-09.2009 · Cited by 119 · cited 1×
“This slow oscillation is cortically generated but influences activity throughout the brain (Figure 1A) (Ros et al., 2009; Steriade et al., 1993; Steriade et al., 2001).”
Self-citationWomelsdorf, T., Lima, B., Vinck, M., Oostenveld, R., Singer, W., Neuenschwander, S., & Fries, P. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1114223109 · Cited by 119 · cited 1×
“…feature of cortical sensory processing is gamma-band (30–80 Hz) synchronization, which is beneficial for information coding (Vinck et al., 2010; Womelsdorf et al., 2012), inter-areal transmission (Bosman et al., 2012; Womelsdorf et al., 2007) and behavioral performance (Siegle et al., 2014;…”
Self-citationInhibitory Actions Unified by Network Integration
Seybold, B. A., Phillips, E. A. K., Schreiner, C. E., & Hasenstaub, A. R. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.013 · Cited by 118
Central Signals Rapidly Switch Tactile Processing in Rat Barrel Cortex during Whisker Movements
Hentschke, H., Haiss, F., & Schwarz, C. (2005) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj056 · Cited by 110
Layer-Specific Somatosensory Cortical Activation During Active Tactile Discrimination
Krupa, D. J., Wiest, M., Shuler, M. G. H., Laubach, M., & Nicolelis, M. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093318 · Cited by 99 · cited 1×
“…to high arousal, punctate whisker deflection stimuli can evoke larger responses in the low frequency synchronized than the activated state in somatosensory cortex (Crochet and Petersen, 2006; Fanselow and Nicolelis, 1999; Ferezou et al., 2007; Hentschke et al., 2006; Krupa et al., 2004).”
State-Dependent Representation of Amplitude-Modulated Noise Stimuli in Rat Auditory Cortex
Marguet, S. L., & Harris, K. D. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5773-10.2011 · Cited by 98 · cited 2×
“The degradation of sensory responses by slow-wave sleep and anesthesia, in comparison to waking, are well known (e.g., Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Marguet and Harris, 2011).”
Esser, S. K., Hill, S., & Tononi, G. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00059.2009 · Cited by 97 · cited 1×
“…in spontaneous activity, the ability to execute motor commands, responses to sensory stimuli and the fidelity of internal representations of the world (Destexhe et al., 1999; Esser et al., 2009; Hennevin et al., 2007; Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Massimini et al., 2005; Steriade et al., 2001).”
Gamma responses correlate with temporal expectation in monkey primary visual cortex
Lima, B., Singer, W., & Neuenschwander, S. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0957-11.2011 · Cited by 95 · cited 1×
“…a monotonic increase in gamma-band synchronization both in terms of local field potential and relative membrane potential power (Lee et al., 2014; Lima et al., 2011; McGinley et al., 2015; Reimer et al., 2014; Vinck et al., 2015), and spike-local field potential phase locking (Munk et al., 1996;…”
Homeostatic and circadian contribution to EEG and molecular state variables of sleep regulation
Curie, T., Mongrain, V., Dorsaz, S., Mang, G. M., Emmenegger, Y., & Franken, P. (2013) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.2440 · Cited by 94 · cited 1×
“Likewise, the intensity of slow waves in the cortical field potential slowly increases over the active period, in direct relationship to more frequent and longer sleep bouts (Curie et al., 2013; Hasan et al., 2012; Vyazovskiy et al., 2011).”
Age-related changes in sleep in inbred mice are genotype dependent
Hasan, S., Dauvilliers, Y., Mongrain, V., Franken, P., & Tafti, M. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.05.010 · Cited by 92 · cited 1×
“Likewise, the intensity of slow waves in the cortical field potential slowly increases over the active period, in direct relationship to more frequent and longer sleep bouts (Curie et al., 2013; Hasan et al., 2012; Vyazovskiy et al., 2011).”
Brain surface temperature under a craniotomy
Kalmbach, A., & Waters, J. (2012) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00557.2012 · Cited by 87 · cited 1×
“…mice that are habituated to sit quietly, head-fixed, under a microscope (the objective of which can cause significant cooling of the cortex (Kalmbach and Waters, 2012) may be expected to exhibit a high incidence of slow oscillatory network activity associated with drowsiness or inattention…”
Attention-induced neuronal activity in the monkey somatosensory cortex revealed by pupillometrics
Iriki, A., Tanaka, M., & Iwamura, Y. (1996) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/0168-0102(96)01043-7 · Cited by 86 · cited 2×
“…al., 2008; de Gee et al., 2014; Einhauser et al., 2010; Einhauser et al., 2008; Eldar et al., 2013; Gilzenrat et al., 2010; Hess and Polt, 1960, 1964; Iriki et al., 1996; Jepma and Nieuwenhuis, 2011; Kahneman and Beatty, 1966; Murphy et al., 2011; Murphy et al., 2014b; Nassar et al., 2012;…”
The relationship of vibrissal motor cortex unit activity to whisking in the awake rat
Carvell, G. E., Miller, S. A., & Simons, D. J. (1996) · Somatosensory & Motor Research · doi:10.3109/08990229609051399 · Cited by 82 · cited 1×
“In addition to arousal effects, this increase in activity may also represent pre-movement preparatory signals (Bastos et al., 2012; Bruce and Goldberg, 1985; Carvell et al., 1996; Georgopoulos et al., 1982).”
He, B. J., & Zempel, J. M. (2013) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003348 · Cited by 75 · cited 1×
“The more similar the pattern of ECoG activity to the average of all trials, the better the performance on the visual detection task, with significant decrements in performance when the ECoG activity deviated in either direction from average (He and Zempel, 2013).”
TANG, X., XIAO, J., PARRIS, B., FANG, J., & SANFORD, L. (2005) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.05.008 · Cited by 73 · cited 1×
“In addition to the phenomena described above, the degree of habituation to an experimental situation may also change the prevalence of low frequency rhythms in the cortex (Tang et al., 2005; Vyazovskiy et al., 2011).”
Spike-and-wave epilepsy in rats: sex differences and inheritance of physiological traits
Jando´, G., Carpi, D., Kandel, A., Urioste, R., Horvath, Z., Pierre, E., Vadi, D., Vadasz, C., & Buzsa´ki, G. (1995) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)00329-4 · Cited by 72 · cited 1×
“In rodents, brief (seconds) periods of 6–10 Hz thalamocortical oscillations known as high voltage spindles can appear in the quiet resting state and are enhanced by the cessation of locomotion (Jando et al., 1995).”
Pupil size and social vigilance in rhesus macaques
Ebitz, R. B., Pearson, J. M., & Platt, M. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00100 · Cited by 71 · cited 3×
“…end of the arousal-performance relationship, increases in arousal (as measured by pupil diameter) increased the ability of a distractor (e.g. a flashed picture of a monkey face on the screen during the delay period) to disrupt performance on a Go/No-Go saccade task in primates (Ebitz et al., 2014).”
InfluentialPalva, J. M., & Palva, S. (2011) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53839-0.00022-3 · Cited by 63 · cited 1×
“…the marked impact of apparent spontaneous variations in the human waking state on both cortical responses and perceptual abilities has begun to be more widely appreciated (Boly et al., 2007; Fox and Raichle, 2007; He, 2013; Hesselmann et al., 2008a; Hesselmann et al., 2008b; Palva and Palva, 2011).”
When Attention Wanders: How Uncontrolled Fluctuations in Attention Affect Performance
Cohen, M. R., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3063-11.2011 · Cited by 63 · cited 2×
“…between numerous sub-states that are associated with significant changes in sensory-motor processing and behavioral performance (Buzsaki, 2006; Cohen and Maunsell, 2010, 2011; Gervasoni et al., 2004; Goris et al., 2014; I-Chun et al., 2015; McGinley et al., 2015; Niell and Stryker, 2010;…”
Pupil dilation patterns reflect the contents of consciousness
Kang, O., & Wheatley, T. (2015) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.05.001 · Cited by 59 · cited 1×
“The pupil diameter changes during listening revealed which snippet of music the person attended (Kang and Wheatley, 2015).”
Detecting phasic lapses in alertness using pupillometric measures
Kristjansson, S. D., Stern, J. A., Brown, T. B., & Rohrbaugh, J. W. (2009) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2009.04.007 · Cited by 49 · cited 1×
“In human studies, drowsiness during the performance of a routine task, such as simulated driving, can be associated with wide variations in arousal and performance that are reflected by large fluctuations in pupil diameter (Kristjansson et al., 2009; Wilhelm et al., 2001).”
Regulation of hippocampal inhibitory circuits by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Griguoli, M., & Cherubini, E. (2011) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.220095 · Cited by 46 · cited 1×
“…networks, nicotinic and 5HT 3A receptors are often (but not exclusively) located on particular subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons (Fu et al., 2014; Griguoli and Cherubini, 2012; Jakab and Goldman-Rakic, 2000) and may contribute to modulation of waking state activities through disinhibition.”
Characterization of affective states by pupillary dynamics and autonomic correlates
Onorati, F., Barbieri, R., Mauri, M., Russo, V., & Mainardi, L. T. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroengineering · doi:10.3389/fneng.2013.00009 · Cited by 40 · cited 1×
“…and Polt, 1960, 1964; Iriki et al., 1996; Jepma and Nieuwenhuis, 2011; Kahneman and Beatty, 1966; Murphy et al., 2011; Murphy et al., 2014b; Nassar et al., 2012; Nishiyama et al., 2007; Onorati et al., 2013; Preuschoff et al., 2011; Tursky et al., 1969; Wierda et al., 2012; Wilhelm et al., 2001).”
Sleep on it: cortical reorganization after-the-fact
Hoffman, K. L., & McNaughton, B. L. (2002) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02005-1 · Cited by 37 · cited 1×
“Indeed, it has been proposed that spontaneous activity may in fact reflect important internal processes like memory and sensory gating (Hoffman and McNaughton, 2002; Luczak et al., 2009).”
The pupil as a possible premonitor of drowsiness
Nishiyama, J., Tanida, K., Kusumi, M., & Hirata, Y. (2007) · Conference proceedings · doi:10.1109/iembs.2007.4352608 · Cited by 35 · cited 1×
“…and Polt, 1960, 1964; Iriki et al., 1996; Jepma and Nieuwenhuis, 2011; Kahneman and Beatty, 1966; Murphy et al., 2011; Murphy et al., 2014b; Nassar et al., 2012; Nishiyama et al., 2007; Onorati et al., 2013; Preuschoff et al., 2011; Tursky et al., 1969; Wierda et al., 2012; Wilhelm et al., 2001).”
Memory-Associated Dynamic Regulation of the “Stable” Core of the Chromatin Particle
Zovkic, I. B., & Sweatt, J. D. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.06.025 · Cited by 34
Sleep electroencephalographic characteristics of the C ynomolgus monkey measured by telemetry
Rachalski, A., Authier, S., Bassett, L., Pouliot, M., Tremblay, G., & Mongrain, V. (2014) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12189 · Cited by 28 · cited 1×
“Although many mammalian species have periods of exploratory inactivity accompanied by drowsiness or naps punctuating their waking periods (Campbell and Tobler, 1984; Rachalski et al., 2014), head-fixed mice may be particularly prone to this phenomenon.”
Directional selective neurons in the awake LGN: response properties and modulation by brain state
Hei, X., Stoelzel, C. R., Zhuang, J., Bereshpolova, Y., Huff, J. M., Alonso, J., & Swadlow, H. A. (2014) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00121.2014 · Cited by 27 · cited 2×
“…and behaviorally-relevant variations in waking state are not the exception, but rather the rule (Cohen and Maunsell, 2010, 2011; Goris et al., 2014; Hei et al., 2014; I-Chun et al., 2015; McGinley et al., 2015; Niell and Stryker, 2010; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; Reimer et al., 2014; Scholvinck et…”
Brain State Effects on Layer 4 of the Awake Visual Cortex
Zhuang, J., Bereshpolova, Y., Stoelzel, C. R., Huff, J. M., Hei, X., Alonso, J., & Swadlow, H. A. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4969-13.2014 · Cited by 26 · cited 2×
“New animal studies reveal that rapid, ongoing, and behaviorally relevant variations in waking state are not the exception, but rather the rule (Cohen and Maunsell, 2010, 2011; Goris et al., 2014; Hei et al., 2014; Lin et al., 2015; McGinley et al., 2015; Niell and Stryker, 2010; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; Reimer et al…”
Ecker, A. S., & Tolias, A. S. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3722 · Cited by 14 · cited 8×
“, 1997), and their effects may collectively promote response variability (Ecker and Tolias, 2014; Goris et al., 2014; Lin et al., 2015).”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Cited by
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Neural Circuitry of Wakefulness and Sleep
Scammell, T. E., Arrigoni, E., & Lipton, J. O. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.014 · Cited by 966
“Blue circles with hatching denote NREM sleep-promoting nuclei. much less sleep after lesions of the anterior hypothalamus (McGinty and Sterman, 1968).”
Shine, J. M., Bissett, P. G., Bell, P. T., Koyejo, O., Balsters, J. H., Gorgolewski, K. J., Moodie, C. A., & Poldrack, R. A. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.018 · Cited by 886
“In our final experiment, we demonstrated that the fluctuations in network cartography in the resting state correlate with changes in pupil diameter (Figure 4), which itself is a marker of arousal and behavioral engagement (McGinley et al., 2015).”
Pupil fluctuations track rapid changes in adrenergic and cholinergic activity in cortex
Reimer, J., McGinley, M. J., Liu, Y., Rodenkirch, C., Wang, Q., McCormick, D. A., & Tolias, A. S. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13289 · Cited by 926
Self-citationElectrophysiological, transcriptomic and morphologic profiling of single neurons using Patch-seq
Cadwell, C. R., Palasantza, A., Jiang, X., Berens, P., Deng, Q., Yilmaz, M., Reimer, J., Shen, S., Bethge, M., Tolias, K. F., et al. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3445 · Cited by 581
Self-citationPupil-linked arousal is driven by decision uncertainty and alters serial choice bias
Urai, A. E., Braun, A., & Donner, T. H. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14637 · Cited by 466
Metadata
- Authors
- McGinley, M. J., Vinck, M., Reimer, J., Batista-Brito, R., Zagha, E., Cadwell, C. R., Tolias, A. S., Cardin, J. A., & McCormick, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tolias, Andreas S.
- Cardin, Jessica A.
- McCormick, David A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1143-1161
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4718218
- OpenAlex
- W2116679324
- Semantic Scholar
- 9951ccf408273066281346c5a29f0478117b4e37
- Cited by
- 801
- References
- 176
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 5.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Institute of Museum and Library Services
- McKnight Foundation
- Yale University
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health (5R01N2026143, 1dp1od008301-01)
- U.S. Public Health Service (5R01N2026143)
- National Institute of Mental Health (F30MH095440)
- National Eye Institute (DP1EY023176, T32 EY07001, EY022951, P30EY002520, R00EY018407, T32EY007001, R01EY022951)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC015803, F32DC012449)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007330)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS026143)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (T32EB006350)
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (DP1EY023176)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- pupillometry, sensory coding, spontaneous neuronal activity, behavioral performance, neural reliability, awake behaving animals, sensory noise
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Brain, Humans, Motor Activity, Nerve Net, Neurons, Time Factors, Wakefulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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