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The Neuroendocrinology of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Behavioural Perspective
Open accessAbstract
The human gut harbours trillions of symbiotic bacteria that play a key role in programming different aspects of host physiology in health and disease. These intestinal microbes are also key components of the gut-brain axis, the bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the CNS is closely interconnected with the endocrine system to regulate many physiological processes. An expanding body of evidence is supporting the notion that gut microbiota modifications and/or manipulations may also play a crucial role in the manifestation of specific behavioural responses regulated by neuroendocrine pathways. In this review, we will focus on how the intestinal microorganisms interact with elements of the host neuroendocrine system to modify behaviours relevant to stress, eating behaviour, sexual behaviour, social behaviour, cognition and addiction.
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“This relationship, like the microbiota-gut-brain axis itself, is bidirectional -the microbiota can modulate stress-induced alterations in anxiety, memory, cognition and neuroinflammation (for reviews, see Cussotto et al., 2018;Farzi et al., 2018;Foster et al., 2017;Rea et al., 2016;Sherwin et al., 2016a).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Cussotto et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“The development of the blood-brain barrier is now well established to be contingent upon the presence of commensal gut flora (10, 11).”
From Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Interestingly, administration of the probiotic L. reuteri has been shown to increase testosterone levels in aging mice (Poutahidis et al., 2014).”
BackgroundProbiotics: interaction with gut microbiome and antiobesity potential.
Arora, T., Singh, S., & Sharma, R. K. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.07.017 · Cited by 176 · cited 2×
“eating behaviour, as well as playing a role in obesity (Arora et al., 2013; Belguesmia et al., 2016; Delzenne et al., 2011; Forssten et al., 2013).”
BackgroundGut microbiota and metabolic disorders: how prebiotic can work?
Delzenne, N. M., Neyrinck, A. M., & Cani, P. D. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512004047 · Cited by 175
Fetissov, S. O., Hamze Sinno, M., Coëffier, M., Bole-Feysot, C., Ducrotté, P., Hökfelt, T., & Déchelotte, P. (2008) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2007.12.006 · Cited by 175 · cited 1×
“implications in hunger and satiety pathways (Fetissov et al., 2008).”
Prenatal testosterone and gender-related behaviour
Hines, M. (2006) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02236 · Cited by 173 · cited 2×
“might be that males are exposed to higher intrauterine testosterone levels than females (Hines, 2006; Hines et al., 2015), with fetal testosterone associated to autistic traits and inversely correlated with social behaviour (Baron-Cohen et al.”
BackgroundA natural solution for obesity: Bioactives for the prevention and treatment of weight gain. A review
Torres‐Fuentes, C., Schellekens, H., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2014) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1179/1476830513y.0000000099 · Cited by 172
Dluzen, D. E., Muraoka, S., Engelmann, M., & Landgraf, R. (1998) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(98)00047-3 · Cited by 169 · cited 1×
“Indeed, central administration of OXT in the olfactory bulb facilitates and prolongs social recognition in male rats (Dluzen et al., 2000; Dluzen et al., 1998).”
BackgroundHui, G. K. (2003) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2003.09.002 · Cited by 168
A neuroendocrine role in cocaine reinforcement
Goeders, N. E. (1997) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(97)00027-9 · Cited by 168 · cited 1×
“For example, cocaine has been shown to stimulate the HPA axis through a CRF-mediated mechanism in male rats (Goeders, 1997, 2002), and both CRF mRNA levels and circulating corticosterone are increased on cocaine withdrawal (Mantsch et al., 2007b).”
BackgroundMarvel, F. A., Chen, C.-C., Badr, N. A., Gaykema, R. P. A., & Goehler, L. E. (2003) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2003.09.004 · Cited by 163
Wermter, A., Kamp‐Becker, I., Hesse, P., Schulte‐Körne, G., Strauch, K., & Remschmidt, H. (2010) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31032 · Cited by 163
Physiology of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis in the Male
Corradi, P. F., Corradi, R. B., & Greene, L. W. (2016) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2016.01.001 · Cited by 162 · cited 1×
“neuroendocrine axis plays a critical part in the development and regulation of different body processes, mainly the reproductive and immune systems (Corradi et al., 2016).”
BackgroundValladares, R. B., Bojilova, L., Potts, A. H., Cameron, E., Gardner, C. L., Lorca, G. L., & González, C. F. (2013) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.12-223339 · Cited by 160 · cited 1×
“Moreover, the administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii in rats has been shown to lower circulating kynurenine levels with concomitant increase in serotonin levels (Valladares et al., 2013).”
BackgroundGut Vagal Afferents Differentially Modulate Innate Anxiety and Learned Fear
Klarer, M., Arnold, M., Günther, L., Winter, C., Langhans, W., & Meyer, U. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0252-14.2014 · Cited by 159 · cited 1×
“was associated with region-dependent changes in noradrenaline and ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in key areas of the limbic system, but not with functional alterations in the HPA axis (Klarer et al., 2014).”
BackgroundTochitani, S., Ikeno, T., Ito, T., Sakurai, A., Yamauchi, T., & Matsuzaki, H. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138293 · Cited by 157 · cited 2×
“31 anxiety-like behaviour thus suggesting that disruption of maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy may lead to alterations in the behaviour of their offspring (Tochitani et al., 2016).”
BackgroundEndogenous oxytocin is involved in short-term olfactory memory in female rats
Engelmann, M., Ebner, K., Wotjak, C. T., & Landgraf, R. (1998) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00084-3 · Cited by 156 · cited 1×
“rats, intracerebroventricular administration of an OXT antagonist interfered with the animals’ ability to establish normal social memory (Engelmann et al., 1998).”
BackgroundMicrobial lysate upregulates host oxytocin
Varian, B. J., Poutahidis, T., DiBenedictis, B. T., Levkovich, T., Ibrahim, Y., Didyk, E., Shikhman, L., Cheung, H. K., Hardas, A., Ricciardi, C. E., et al. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.002 · Cited by 153 · cited 1×
“40 suggests that the gut microbiota is able to directly modulate the levels of host oxytocin (Poutahidis et al., 2013; Varian et al., 2017) and so it is interesting to speculate as to whether”
BackgroundDeCastro, M., Nankova, B. B., Shah, P., Patel, P., Mally, P. V., Mishra, R., & La Gamma, E. F. (2005) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.09.002 · Cited by 149
Sertraline enhances the activity of antimicrobial agents against pathogens of clinical relevance
Ayaz, M., Subhan, F., Ahmed, J., Khan, A.-U., Ullah, F., Ullah, I., Ali, G., Syed, N.-I.-H., & Hussain, S. (2015) · Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki · doi:10.1186/s40709-015-0028-1 · Cited by 147
Buisman‐Pijlman, F. T. A., Sumracki, N. M., Gordon, J. J., Hull, P. R., Carter, C. S., & Tops, M. (2013) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.09.005 · Cited by 147
Stress and VTA synapses: implications for addiction and depression
Polter, A. M., & Kauer, J. A. (2014) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12490 · Cited by 147 · cited 1×
“risk factor that can also be comorbid with addiction is depression (Polter and Kauer, 2014).”
BackgroundThe circadian clock and glucocorticoids – interactions across many time scales
Dickmeis, T., Weger, B. D., & Weger, M. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.012 · Cited by 144 · cited 1×
“activity synchronized with circadian and ultradian rhythms (Dallman et al., 1994; Dickmeis et al., 2013; Tsigos and Chrousos, 2002a).”
BackgroundImpact of Resistant Starch on Body Fat Patterning and Central Appetite Regulation
So, P., Yu, W.-S., Kuo, Y., Wasserfall, C. H., Goldstone, A. P., Bell, J. D., & Frost, G. S. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001309 · Cited by 143 · cited 1×
“Increasing evidence suggests that metabolites produced by the colonic microbiota, such as SCFAs, modulate feeding behaviour via central mechanisms (Frost et al., 2014; Shen et al., 2009; So et al., 2007).”
BackgroundRoshchina, V. V. (2016) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_2 · Cited by 143 · cited 14×
“GABA transporters are localized on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and allow gut- derived GABA to reach the CNS (Takanaga et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialLeptin Signaling Targets the Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Promoterin Vivo
Guo, F., Bakal, K., Minokoshi, Y., & Hollenberg, A. N. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-1312 · Cited by 142
Goyal, M. S., Venkatesh, S., Milbrandt, J., Gordon, J. I., & Raichle, M. E. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1511465112 · Cited by 141 · cited 1×
“supports the concept that the gastrointestinal microbiota composition and richness may be responsible, together with other factors, for the host eating behaviour and appetite (Alcock et al., 2014; Fetissov, 2017; Goyal et al., 2015; Norris et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSex differences in cocaine-induced behavioral responses, pharmacokinetics, and monoamine levels
Festa, E. D., Russo, S. J., Gazi, F. M., Niyomchai, T., Kemen, L. M., Lin, S., Foltz, R. L., Jenab, S., & Quiñones-Jenab, V. (2004) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.11.017 · Cited by 137 · cited 2×
“46 studies have suggested that females are more susceptible than males (Devaud et al., 2003; Festa et al., 2004) and that this might be due to gonadal hormones (Festa et al.”
BackgroundSwartz, T. D., Duca, F. A., de Wouters, T., Sakar, Y., & Covașă, M. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511003412 · Cited by 137
A centenary of gastrointestinal endocrinology
Rehfeld, J. F. (2004) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2004-826154 · Cited by 136 · cited 2×
“EEC secretory products are released in response to diverse stimuli and influence a variety of physiological functions in the host such as control of intestinal secretion and motility, regulation of food intake and metabolism (Rehfeld, 2004).”
BackgroundPituicytes, Glia and Control of Terminal Secretion
Hatton, G. I. (1988) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.139.1.67 · Cited by 134
Frye, C. A., & Wawrzycki, J. M. (2003) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0018-506x(03)00159-4 · Cited by 132 · cited 1×
“In addition to neonatal stress, prenatal stress (PNS) also has powerful and enduring effects on behaviour (Beijers et al., 2010; Frye and Wawrzycki, 2003; Maccari et al., 2003; MorleyFletcher et al., 2003).”
BackgroundRecent advances in the neurobiology of depression.
Nemeroff, C. B. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 131
High fat diet drives obesity regardless the composition of gut microbiota in mice
Rabot, S., Membrez, M., Blancher, F., Berger, B. W., Moine, D., Krause, L., Bibiloni, R., Bruneau, A., Gérard, P., Siddharth, J., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep32484 · Cited by 131 · cited 1×
“Nevertheless, it has been shown that, when obesity is driven by the diet, the intestinal microbiome does not play a role in the onset of the obese phenotype (Rabot et al., 2016).”
BackgroundNilsson, A. C., Johansson, E., Ekström, L. M. N. K., & Björck, I. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059985 · Cited by 130
Neural Pathways Controlling Central and Peripheral Oxytocin Release During Stress
Onaka, T. (2004) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.0953-8194.2004.01186.x · Cited by 130 · cited 1×
“In rodents, peripheral and central oxytocin levels have been found to increase in response to a wide variety of stressful stimuli, such as conditioned fear stimuli and restraint stress (Neumann et al., 2000; Onaka, 2004).”
BackgroundThe oxytocin antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)-Orn8-vasotocin inhibits male copulatory behaviour in rats
Argiolas, A., Collu, M., Gessa, G. L., Melis, M. R., & Serra, G. (1988) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(88)90675-9 · Cited by 125
Choi, J. S., Kim, H., Jung, M. H., Hong, S., & Song, J. (2010) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200900127 · Cited by 125 · cited 1×
“In a recent study the administration of both β-glucan and inulin attenuated weight gain in high fat fed mice (Arora et al., 2012), confirming findings of others (Cani et al., 2004; Cani et al., 2005; Choi et al., 2010).”
ResultA relationship between oxytocin and anxiety of romantic attachment
Marazziti (2006) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1745-0179-2-28 · Cited by 124
Lawson, E. A., Donoho, D. A., Blum, J. I., Meenaghan, E. M., Misra, M., Herzog, D. B., Sluss, P. M., Miller, K. K., & Klibanski, A. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06617 · Cited by 124 · cited 1×
“, 1986) and oxytocin (Demitrack, 1990; Lawson et al., 2011; Lawson et al., 2012) have been found to be altered in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa.”
BackgroundLee, S. A., Lim, J. Y., Kim, B. S., Cho, S. J., Kim, N. Y., Kim, O. B., & Kim, Y. (2015) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2015.9.3.242 · Cited by 123
Fitzgerald, P., Eugene, M. C., Clarke, G. A., Scully, P., Barry, S., Eamonn, M. M. Q., Shanahan, F., Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2008) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01195.x · Cited by 122 · cited 1×
“metabolised to kynurenine and the disruption of this metabolic pathway has been linked to both gastrointestinal and brain disorders (Fitzgerald et al., 2008).”
BackgroundThyroid hormones, the brain, and affective disorders.
Joffe, R. T., & Sokolov, S. T. H. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 121
Lawson, E. A., Holsen, L. M., Santin, M., Meenaghan, E. M., Eddy, K. T., Becker, A. E., Herzog, D. B., Goldstein, J. M., & Klibanski, A. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1702 · Cited by 121 · cited 1×
“, 1986) and oxytocin (Demitrack, 1990; Lawson et al., 2011; Lawson et al., 2012) have been found to be altered in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa.”
BackgroundSocial attraction mediated by fruit flies' microbiome
Venu, I., Durisko, Z., Xu, J., & Dukas, R. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.099648 · Cited by 120 · cited 1×
“Drosophila (Lize et al., 2014; Venu et al., 2014), bumblebees (Koch and Schmid-Hempel, 2011), hyenas (Theis et al.”
BackgroundOitzl, M. S., Fluttert, M., Sutanto, W., & de Kloet, E. R. (1998) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00381.x · Cited by 119
Volpe, G. E., Ward, H., Mwamburi, M., Dinh, D. M., Bhalchandra, S., WANKE, C. A., & Kane, A. V. (2014) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2014.75.347 · Cited by 117
CSF oxytocin in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: clinical and pathophysiologic considerations
Demitrack, M. A., Lesem, M. D., LISTWAK, S. J., Brandt, H., Jimerson, D. C., & Gold, P. W. (1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.7.882 · Cited by 116 · cited 1×
“Interestingly, also CRF (Glowa et al., 1992; Hotta et al., 1986) and oxytocin (Demitrack, 1990; Lawson et al., 2011; Lawson et al., 2012) have been found to be altered in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa.”
BackgroundEfflux inhibition by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in Escherichia coli
Bohnert, J. A., Szymaniak-Vits, M., Schuster, S., & Kern, W. V. (2011) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkr258 · Cited by 114 · cited 1×
“confirmed by the synergistic effect of some SSRIs in combination with antibiotics; as well as their effects against some antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Bohnert et al., 2011; Munoz-Bellido et al., 1996, 2000).”
BackgroundWall, R., Marques, T. M., O’Sullivan, Ó., Ross, R. P., Shanahan, F., Quigley, E. M. M., Dinan, T. G., Kiely, B., Fitzgerald, G. F., Cotter, P. D., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.026435 · Cited by 112 · cited 3×
“acids play important roles in cognitive processes such as memory and learning (Wall et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialDelmée, E., Cani, P. D., Gual, G., Knauf, C., Burcelin, R., Maton, N., & Delzenne, N. M. (2006) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.013 · Cited by 111 · cited 1×
“GLP-1 production with beneficial physiological consequences (Delmee et al., 2006).”
Lehmann, J., Russig, H. D., Feldon, J., & Pryce, C. R. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00788-8 · Cited by 111
Causes and consequences of obesity: the contribution of recent twin studies
Naukkarinen, J., Rissanen, A., Kaprio, J. A., & Pietiläinen, K. H. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.192 · Cited by 110
Kin recognition inDrosophila: the importance of ecology and gut microbiota
Lizé, A., McKay, R., & Lewis, Z. (2013) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.157 · Cited by 106 · cited 1×
“Drosophila (Lize et al., 2014; Venu et al., 2014), bumblebees (Koch and Schmid-Hempel, 2011), hyenas (Theis et al.”
BackgroundLinnen, A.-M., Ellenbogen, M. A., Cardoso, C., & Joober, R. (2012) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2011.631154 · Cited by 104 · cited 1×
“Moreover, oxytocin administration in humans was able to decrease the subjective stress ratings (Heinrichs et al., 2003) as well as increase the parasympathetic cardiac control (Norman et al., 2011) and decrease the salivary cortisol levels (Ditzen et al., 2009; Linnen et al., 2012).”
BackgroundNakahara, T., Kojima, S., Tanaka, M., Yasuhara, D., Harada, T., Sagiyama, K., Muranaga, T., Nagai, N., Nakazato, M., Nozoe, S.-I., et al. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.021 · Cited by 104
Behnia, B., Heinrichs, M., Bergmann, W., Jung, S., Germann, J., Schedlowski, M., Hartmann, U., & Kruger, T. H. C. (2014) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.01.009 · Cited by 103 · cited 1×
“Oxytocin is released by the posterior pituitary gland, acts also as mediator of sexual behaviour (Argiolas et al., 1988; Behnia et al., 2014; Witt and Insel, 1994).”
BackgroundIncreased Fos Expression in Oxytocin Neurons Following Masculine Sexual Behavior
Witt, D. M., & Insel, T. R. (1994) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1994.tb00549.x · Cited by 102 · cited 1×
“Oxytocin is released by the posterior pituitary gland, acts also as mediator of sexual behaviour (Argiolas et al., 1988; Behnia et al., 2014; Witt and Insel, 1994).”
BackgroundTargeting the Oxytocin System to Treat Addictive Disorders: Rationale and Progress to Date
Lee, M. R., Rohn, M. C. H., Tanda, G., & Leggio, L. (2016) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0313-z · Cited by 102 · cited 1×
“At the same time, mounting preclinical evidence is suggesting that oxytocin might represent a novel treatment for addictive disorders (Lee et al., 2016; McGregor and Bowen, 2012).”
BackgroundDietary-resistant starch and glucose metabolism
Robertson, M. D. (2012) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e3283536931 · Cited by 102 · cited 1×
“…reported that the modulation of microbiota activity using different non-digestible carbohydrates affects appetite (Bird et al., 2010; Daud et al., 2014; Delzenne et al., 2013; Frost et al., 1999; Klosterbuer et al., 2012; Nilsson et al., 2013; Robertson, 2012; Tarini and Wolever, 2010).”
BackgroundDluzen, D. E., Muraoka, S., Engelmann, M., Ebner, K., & Landgraf, R. (2000) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00952.x · Cited by 100 · cited 1×
“Indeed, central administration of OXT in the olfactory bulb facilitates and prolongs social recognition in male rats (Dluzen et al., 2000; Dluzen et al., 1998).”
BackgroundThe impact of oligofructose on stimulation of gut hormones, appetite regulation and adiposity
Daud, N. M., Ismail, N. A., Thomas, E. L., Fitzpatrick, J. A., Bell, J. D., Swann, J. R., Costabile, A., Childs, C. E., Pedersen, C., Goldstone, A. P., et al. (2014) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20754 · Cited by 99
Barouei, J., Moussavi, M., & Hodgson, D. M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046051 · Cited by 99 · cited 1×
“dysfunction and to some extent against disturbance of the gut microbiota provoked by MS and/or adult restraint stress (Barouei et al., 2012).”
BackgroundHarada, T., Nakahara, T., Yasuhara, D., Kojima, S., Sagiyama, K., Amitani, H., Laviano, A., Naruo, T., & Inui, A. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.005 · Cited by 92
Effects of corticotropin releasing hormone on appetitive behaviors
Glowa, J. R., Barrett, J. E., Russell, J., & Gold, P. W. (1992) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(92)90097-m · Cited by 90 · cited 2×
“Interestingly, also CRF (Glowa et al., 1992; Hotta et al., 1986) and oxytocin (Demitrack, 1990; Lawson et al.”
BackgroundKlosterbuer, A. S., Thomas, W. T. B., & Slavin, J. L. (2012) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf303083r · Cited by 90
Zilberstein, D., & Dwyer, D. M. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6505677 · Cited by 90 · cited 1×
“TCAs also present in vitro activity against the parasites Plasmodium falciparum (Basco and Le Bras, 1990; Salama and Facer, 1990) and Leishmania spp. (Zilberstein and Dwyer, 1984).”
BackgroundDietary Resistant Starch Increases Hypothalamic POMC Expression in Rats
Shen, L., Keenan, M. J., Martin, R. J., Tulley, R. T., Raggio, A. M., McCutcheon, K. L., & Zhou, J. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.483 · Cited by 90 · cited 1×
“Increasing evidence suggests that metabolites produced by the colonic microbiota, such as SCFAs, modulate feeding behaviour via central mechanisms (Frost et al., 2014; Shen et al., 2009; So et al., 2007).”
BackgroundBailey, M. T. (2014) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_12 · Cited by 89 · cited 1×
“…stressors including maternal separation, chronic social defeat, physical restraint and overcrowding can alter the gut microbiota composition (Bailey, 2014; Bailey et al., 2011; Bharwani et al., 2016; De Palma et al., 2015; De Palma et al., 2014; Hsiao et al., 2013; Moloney et al., 2014).”
BackgroundTestosterone Administration Reduces Lying in Men
Wibral, M., Dohmen, T., Klingmüller, D., Weber, B., & Falk, A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046774 · Cited by 88 · cited 1×
“Testosterone levels, for example, have been shown to relate to prosocial behaviour (Wibral et al., 2012).”
BackgroundImmune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Hsiao, E. Y. (2013) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-418700-9.00009-5 · Cited by 87 · cited 9×
“Studies of the gut microbiota in children with ASD are limited in quantity and quality; however, some have pointed out differences in the microbiota composition between ASD and healthy children (Finegold et al., 2010; Kang et al., 2013; Parracho et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEarly Life Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Reprograms Neural Anti-Inflammatory Pathways
Mouihate, A., Galic, M. A., Ellis, S. L., Spencer, S. J., Tsutsui, S., & Pittman, Q. J. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6078-09.2010 · Cited by 87
Hypothesis: Bacteria Control Host Appetites
Norris, V., Molina, F., & Gewirtz, A. T. (2012) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.01384-12 · Cited by 87
Rearing rats in a germ-free environment eliminates their odors of individuality
Singh, P. B., Herbert, J., Roser, B. J., Arnott, L., Tucker, D. K., & Brown, R. E. (1990) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1007/bf01014099 · Cited by 85 · cited 1×
“sexual behaviour, with the discriminative urinary odours present in conventional housed rats being abolished in germ-free rats, indicating a key role of bacteria in determining the unique odours responsible for the host behaviour (Singh et al., 1990).”
BackgroundMale predominance in autism: neuroendocrine influences on arousal and social anxiety
Pfaff, D. W., Rapin, I., & Goldman, S. (2011) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.191 · Cited by 85 · cited 1×
“prone to develop ASD than females (Baron-Cohen et al., 2011; Pfaff et al., 2011).”
Vagal Interoceptive Modulation of Motivated Behavior
Maniscalco, J. W., & Rinaman, L. (2018) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00036.2017 · Cited by 83 · cited 1×
“secreted by EECs activate vagal afferent pathways (Bonaz et al., 2018; Maniscalco and Rinaman, 2018; Raybould, 2010b) however, it is unclear how the brain might “decipher” the information coming from the gut.”
Background“Stress” is 80 Years Old: From Hans Selye Original Paper in 1936 to Recent Advances in GI Ulceration
Szabó, S., Yoshida, M., Filakovszky, J., & Juhasz, G. (2017) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612823666170622110046 · Cited by 81 · cited 1×
“Selye described stress as a nonspecific and predictable response of the body to demands placed upon it (Szabo et al., 2017).”
BackgroundYang, Y., Zheng, X., Wang, Y., Cao, J., Dong, Z., Cai, J., Sui, N., & Xu, L. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5544-03.2004 · Cited by 77
SIRINATHSINGHJI, D. J. S. (1987) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)91236-4 · Cited by 76 · cited 1×
“…selected for this review because they have been shown to be modulated by neuroendocrine routes (Bos et al., 2012; Carter, 1992; Kosten and Ambrosio, 2002; McCall and Singer, 2012; McEwen and Sapolsky, 1995; Murray et al., 2014; Sirinathsinghji, 1987; Smith et al., 2002; Tsigos and Chrousos, 2002b).”
BackgroundDrunk bugs: Chronic vapour alcohol exposure induces marked changes in the gut microbiome in mice
Peterson, V. L., Jury, N. J., Cabrera‐Rubio, R., Draper, L. A., Crispie, F., Cotter, P. D., Dinan, T. G., Holmes, A., & Cryan, J. F. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.049 · Cited by 75
Microbes, herbivory and the evolution of social behavior
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“…numerous studies have been focusing on how social interactions take place across different species and some studies have suggested that the endosymbiotic microbes shared in group living have influenced the evolution of social behaviour (Lombardo, 2008; Montiel-Castro et al., 2013; Troyer, 1984).”
BackgroundArora, T., Loo, R. L., Anastasovska, J., Gibson, G. R., Tuohy, K. M., Sharma, R. K., Swann, J. R., Deaville, E. R., Sleeth, M. L., Thomas, E. L., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043263 · Cited by 73
Sex Differences in the Central Nervous System Actions of Ethanol
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“46 studies have suggested that females are more susceptible than males (Devaud et al., 2003; Festa et al., 2004) and that this might be due to gonadal hormones (Festa et al.”
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“…axis and play a critical role in social bonding (Meyer-Lindenberg et al., 2011) and, as mentioned above, the gut microbiota is able to modulate levels of the hormone oxytocin (Erdman and Poutahidis, 2016; Varian et al., 2017) thus potentially impacting on social behaviour.”
BackgroundMonocarboxylate 4 mediated butyrate transport in a rat intestinal epithelial cell line
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“However, it is unlikely that these microbial-derived catecholamines have any effect at a central level, as they are not able to cross the BBB (blood-brain barrier).”
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“response to stress, particularly during pregnancy and lactation in mammals (Goland et al., 1991; Ma et al., 2005; Toufexis et al., 1999).”
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“response to stress, particularly during pregnancy and lactation in mammals (Goland et al., 1991; Ma et al., 2005; Toufexis et al., 1999).”
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“Moreover, Helicobacter pylori has been shown to affect L-DOPA levels (Pierantozzi et al., 2006) and neurologic improvement has also been reported in one patient with Parkinson's disease after faecal transplantation for chronic constipation (Ananthaswamy, 2011).”
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BackgroundBelguesmia, Y., Domenger, D., Caron, J., Dhulster, P., Ravallec, R., Drider, D., & Cudennec, B. (2016) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.014 · Cited by 42 · cited 1×
“eating behaviour, as well as playing a role in obesity (Arora et al., 2013; Belguesmia et al., 2016; Delzenne et al., 2011; Forssten et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMonteleone, P., Serritella, C., Martiadis, V., & Maj, M. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.006 · Cited by 41
Symbiotic commensal bacteria direct maturation of the host immune system
Edelman, S., & Kasper, D. L. (2008) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e32830c4355 · Cited by 37
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“eating behaviour, as well as playing a role in obesity (Arora et al., 2013; Belguesmia et al., 2016; Delzenne et al., 2011; Forssten et al., 2013).”
BackgroundThe hypothalamopituitary–adrenal axis and alcohol preference
O’Callaghan, M. J., Croft, A. P., Jacquot, C., & Little, H. J. (2005) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.08.006 · Cited by 37
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“…some researchers have pointed out that the host gender represents a key variable in stress-related behaviours (Bale, 2011; Mueller and Bale, 2008; Shansky, 2009; Shansky et al., 2010) and, given the hormonal discrepancies present among males and females, a deeper investigation of this aspect is…”
BackgroundAlexeev, E. E., He, X., Slupsky, C. M., & Lönnerdal, B. L. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179713 · Cited by 36
Physiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis
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Desipramine reversal of chloroquine resistance in wild isolates of Plasmodium falciparum
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“TCAs also present in vitro activity against the parasites Plasmodium falciparum (Basco and Le Bras, 1990; Salama and Facer, 1990) and Leishmania spp.”
BackgroundSmith, S. R., de Jonge, L., Pelleymounter, M. A., Nguyen, T. N., Harris, R. B. S., York, D. A., Redmann, S. M., Rood, J. C., & Bray, G. A. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.5.7491 · Cited by 34 · cited 1×
“Another brain area involved in appetite regulation is the PVN, responsible of producing anorexigenic peptides such as thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) (Guo et al., 2004), CRF (Krahn et al., 1988; Smith et al., 2001; Uehara et al., 1998) and oxytocin (Lawson et al., 2015).”
BackgroundReduction of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid pathology in the absence of gut microbiotaPreprint
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“Moreover, neither germ- free nor antibiotic-treated transgenic Alzheimer’s mice develop the characteristic plaques (Harach et al., 2015; Minter et al., 2016).”
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“response to stress, particularly during pregnancy and lactation in mammals (Goland et al., 1991; Ma et al., 2005; Toufexis et al., 1999).”
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“directly influence neurotransmitters’ synthesis and to inhibit the histone deacetylases may be responsible for their behavioural effects (Donohoe et al., 2012; Matis et al., 2013).”
BackgroundRecent advances in the neurobiology of depression
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Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 407 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286
Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review
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Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological diseases: the gut-brain axis
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“A notable role of human digestive system in brain development has been proposed [15, 50].”
BackgroundGut Microbiota and Energy Homeostasis in Fish
Butt, R. L., & Volkoff, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00009 · Cited by 637
McGuinness, A. J., Davis, J. A., Dawson, S. L., Loughman, A., Collier, F., O’Hely, M., Simpson, C. A., Green, J., Marx, W., Hair, C., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01456-3 · Cited by 502
“They influence many aspects of physiology via neural, hormonal and immunological pathways [1, 2], so much so that some describe the gut microbiome as a ‘virtual organ’ [3, 4].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Cussotto, S., Sandhu, K. V., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Cryan, John F.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 51
- Pages
- 80-101
- ISSN
- 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2804326576
- Cited by
- 326
- References
- 407
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, neuroendocrine system, behavioral responses, stress, eating behaviour, sexual behavior, social behavior, cognition, addiction, host-microbe interactions
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Brain, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Learning, Neurosecretory Systems, Sexual Behavior, Social Behavior, Stress, Psychological, Behavior, Addictive
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