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What Good Are Positive Emotions?
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This article opens by noting that positive emotions do not fit existing models of emotions. Consequently, a new model is advanced to describe the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment, and love. This new model posits that these positive emotions serve to broaden an individual's momentary thought–action repertoire, which in turn has the effect of building that individual's physical, intellectual, and social resources. Empirical evidence to support this broaden-and-build model of positive emotions is reviewed, and implications for emotion regulation and health promotion are discussed.
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“there is evidence that the experience of positive emotions widens the array of thoughts, behaviors, and executive functioning capacities at our disposal (Fredrickson, 1998).”
From Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health (2010) · cites this paper as Fredrickson, 1998
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“After a laboratory induction of positive emotions, people demonstrate an expanded attentional field, greater working memory, enhanced creativity, and increased openness to new knowledge and perspectives.”
From Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health (2010) · cites this paper as Fredrickson, 1998
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“Broadly, positive states are thought to improve people's social, psychological, and physical resources [55–57].”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [55]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fredrickson, B. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fredrickson, Barbara L.
- Venue
- Review of General Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 300-319
- ISSN
- 1089-2680 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1552
- PMC
- PMC3156001
- OpenAlex
- W2134419850
- Cited by
- 6,066
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 192 · 2025: 306 · 2024: 312 · 2023: 321 · 2022: 343 · 2021: 358 · 2020: 351 · 2019: 379 · 2018: 280 · 2017: 327 · 2016: 270 · 2015: 328 · 2014: 307 · 2013: 303 · 2012: 291
- FWCI
- 43.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Review of General Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH059615)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- positive emotions, joy, interest, contentment, love, emotion regulation, health promotion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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