The principles of psychology.

Open access

James, William·1913·Henry Holt and Company eBooks

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Arguably the greatest single work in the history of psychology. James's analyses of habit, the nature of emotion, the phenomenology of attention, the stream of thought, the perception of space, and the multiplicity of the consciousness of self are still widely cited and incorporated into contemporary theoretical accounts of these phenomena.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/11059-000

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Items 401–500 of 955

Four central questions about prediction in language processing
Huettig, F. (2015) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.014 · Cited by 405
Agreeable fancy or disagreeable truth? Reconciling self-enhancement and self-verification.
Swann, W. B., Pelham, B. W., & Krull, D. S. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.782 · Cited by 584
The importance of habits in eating behaviour. An overview and recommendations for future research
Riet, J. V., Sijtsema, S. J., Dagevos, H., & De Bruijn, G.-J. (2011) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.07.010 · Cited by 399
Précis of The brain and emotion
Rolls, E. T. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00002429 · Cited by 397
Cooperation between the default mode network and the frontal–parietal network in the production of an internal train of thought
Smallwood, J., Brown, K., Baird, B., & Schooler, J. W. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.072 · Cited by 379
Fixing our focus: Training attention to regulate emotion
Wadlinger, H. A., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310365565 · Cited by 396
In Opposition to Inhibition
MacLeod, C. M., Dodd, M. D., Sheard, E. D., Wilson, D. E., & Bibi, U. (2003) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(03)01014-4 · Cited by 394
Facilitating adaptive emotional analysis: distinguishing distanced-analysis of depressive experiences from immersed-analysis and distraction
Kross, E., & Ayduk, O. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208315938 · Cited by 390
Mechanisms of intentional binding and sensory attenuation: the role of temporal prediction, temporal control, identity prediction, and motor prediction
Hughes, G., Desantis, A., & Waszak, F. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028566 · Cited by 365
Quantum computation in brain microtubules: decoherence and biological feasibility
Hagan, S., Hameroff, S. R., & Tuszyński, J. A. (2002) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.65.061901 · Cited by 389
Variety is the spice of life: a psychological construction approach to understanding variability in emotion
Barrett, L. F. (2009) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930902985894 · Cited by 371
Time perspective and correlates of wellbeing
Drake, L., Duncan, E., Sutherland, F., Abernethy, C., & Henry, C. (2008) · Time & Society · doi:10.1177/0961463x07086304 · Cited by 372
Now You Feel It, Now You Don't: Frontal Brain Electrical Asymmetry and Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation
Jackson, D. C., Mueller, C. J., Dolski, I., Dalton, K. M., Nitschke, J. B., Urry, H. L., Rosenkranz, M. A., Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H., & Davidson, R. J. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1473.x · Cited by 368
A predictive processing theory of sensorimotor contingencies: explaining the puzzle of perceptual presence and its absence in synesthesia.
Seth, A. K. (2014) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2013.877880 · Cited by 346
The Border Between Seeing and Thinking
Block, N. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197622223.001.0001 · Cited by 367
Refining the diagnostic boundaries of compulsive hoarding: A critical review
Pertusa, A., Frost, R. O., Fullana, M. A., Samuels, J., Steketee, G., Tolin, D., Saxena, S., Leckman, J. F., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.007 · Cited by 366
Conscious and Unconscious Memory Systems
Squire, L. R., & Dede, A. J. O. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021667 · Cited by 366
Neuroimaging of the brain–gut axis: From basic understanding to treatment of functional GI disorders
Mayer, E. A., Naliboff, B. D., & Craig, A. D. B. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.10.026 · Cited by 366
When Grades Determine Self-Worth: Consequences of Contingent Self-Worth for Male and Female Engineering and Psychology Majors.
Crocker, J., Karpinski, A., Quinn, D. M., & Chase, S. K. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.507 · Cited by 400
Body dissatisfaction and adolescent self-esteem: Prospective findings
Tiggemann, M. (2005) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.03.006 · Cited by 365
Individual Psychological Ownership: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications for Research in Marketing
Jussila, I., Tarkiainen, A., Sarstedt, M., & Hair, J. F. (2015) · Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/10696679.2015.1002330 · Cited by 361
Multimodal fusion framework: A multiresolution approach for emotion classification and recognition from physiological signals
Verma, G. K., & Tiwary, U. S. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.007 · Cited by 354
A study of laughter and dissociation: Distinct correlates of laughter and smiling during bereavement.
Keltner, D., & Bonanno, G. A. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.687 · Cited by 498
Extrinsic and intrinsic systems in the posterior cortex of the human brain revealed during natural sensory stimulation
Golland, Y., Bentin, S., Gelbard, H., Benjamini, Y., Heller, R., Nir, Y., Hasson, U., & Malach, R. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhk030 · Cited by 337
Fear from the heart: sensitivity to fear stimuli depends on individual heartbeats
Garfinkel, S. N., Minati, L., Gray, M. A., Seth, A. K., Dolan, R. J., & Critchley, H. D. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3507-13.2014 · Cited by 338
SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING: AN INFORMATION‐PROCESSING PERSPECTIVE1
McLaughlin, B., Rossman, T., & McLeod, B. (1983) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1983.tb00532.x · Cited by 348
The inner experience of time
Wittmann, M. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0003 · Cited by 349
Bias and error in human judgment
Kruglanski, A. W., & Ajzen, I. (1983) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420130102 · Cited by 346
Conflict monitoring in dual process theories of thinking
De Neys, W., & Glumicic, T. (2008) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.06.002 · Cited by 346
The intelligence of the moral intuitions: A comment on Haidt (2001).
Pizarro, D. A., & Bloom, P. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.1.193 · Cited by 345
THE BLACKER THE BERRY: Gender, Skin Tone, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy
THOMPSON, M. S., & KEITH, V. M. (2001) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/089124301015003002 · Cited by 345
Broca's Area in Language, Action, and Music
Fadiga, L., Craighero, L., & D’Ausilio, A. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04582.x · Cited by 332
Attachment, Self-Esteem, Worldviews, and Terror Management: Evidence for a Tripartite Security System.
Hart, J., Shaver, P. R., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.6.999 · Cited by 344
The role of the prefrontal cortex in higher cognitive functions
Frith, C., & Dolan, R. (1996) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(96)00054-7 · Cited by 343
A self‐determination theory approach to understanding stress incursion and responses
Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2011) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.1368 · Cited by 342
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Autobiographical Memory: Neural Correlates of Recall, Emotional Intensity, and Reliving
Daselaar, S. M., Rice, H. J., Greenberg, D. L., Cabeza, R., LaBar, K. S., & Rubin, D. C. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm048 · Cited by 341
Developmental Tasks as a Framework to Study Personality Development in Adulthood and Old Age
Hutteman, R., Hennecke, M., Orth, U., Reitz, A. K., & Specht, J. (2014) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1959 · Cited by 341
The body in the mind: On the relationship between interoception and embodiment
Herbert, B. M., & Pollatos, O. (2012) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01189.x · Cited by 338
Natural rewards, neuroplasticity, and non-drug addictions
Olsen, C. M. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.010 · Cited by 339
Being a Beast Machine: The Somatic Basis of Selfhood
Seth, A. K., & Tsakiris, M. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.008 · Cited by 371
High-level perception, representation, and analogy: A critique of artificial intelligence methodology
CHALMERS, D. J., FRENCH, R. M., & HOFSTADTER, D. R. (1992) · Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1080/09528139208953747 · Cited by 333
The biological affects: a typology.
Buck, R. (1999) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.2.301 · Cited by 346
Paying attention to attention in depression
Keller, A. S., Leikauf, J. E., Holt-Gosselin, B., Staveland, B. R., & Williams, L. M. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0616-1 · Cited by 329
Enhanced efficiency of the executive attention network after training in preschool children: immediate changes and effects after two months.
Rueda, M. R., Checa, P., & Cómbita, L. M. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.09.004 · Cited by 331
“What about me?” Perceptions of exclusion and Whites' reactions to multiculturalism.
Plaut, V. C., Garnett, F. G., Buffardi, L. E., & Sanchez-Burks, J. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022832 · Cited by 331
Does psi exist? Replicable evidence for an anomalous process of information transfer.
Bem, D. J., & Honorton, C. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.4 · Cited by 330
Attention and associative learning in humans: An integrative review.
Le Pelley, M. E., Mitchell, C. J., Beesley, T., George, D. N., & Wills, A. J. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000064 · Cited by 329
Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the cortex
Fu, M., & Zuo, Y. (2011) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.02.001 · Cited by 322
When goals conflict with values: Counterproductive attentional and oculomotor capture by reward-related stimuli.
Le Pelley, M. E., Pearson, D., Griffiths, O., & Beesley, T. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000037 · Cited by 327
Habit and information use in travel mode choices
Aarts, H., Verplanken, B., & van Knippenberg, A. (1997) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(97)00008-5 · Cited by 326
The Development of the Person: Social Understanding, Relationships, Conscience, Self
Thompson, R. A. (2007) · Handbook of Child Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0302 · Cited by 326
Enhancing motor learning through external-focus instructions and feedback
Shea, C. H., & Wulf, G. (1999) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/s0167-9457(99)00031-7 · Cited by 320
Nostalgia fosters self-continuity: Uncovering the mechanism (social connectedness) and consequence (eudaimonic well-being)
Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Cheung, W.-Y., Routledge, C., Hepper, E. G., Arndt, J., Vail, K., Zhou, X., Brackstone, K., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2016) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000136 · Cited by 318
Levels of consciousness and self-awareness: A comparison and integration of various neurocognitive views
Morin, A. (2006) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2005.09.006 · Cited by 316
On Being Eager and Uninhibited: Narcissism and Approach–Avoidance Motivation
Foster, J. D., & Trimm, R. F. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208316688 · Cited by 314
Stepping out of history: Mindfulness improves insight problem solving
Ostafin, B. D., & Kassman, K. T. (2012) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.02.014 · Cited by 312
The essential role of ritual in the transmission and reinforcement of social norms.
Rossano, M. J. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027038 · Cited by 315
Mindfulness-induced changes in gamma band activity – Implications for the default mode network, self-reference and attention
Berkovich-Ohana, A., Glicksohn, J., & Goldstein, A. (2012) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.048 · Cited by 298
The perspective matters! Multisensory integration in ego-centric reference frames determines full body ownership.
Petkova, V. I., Khoshnevis, M., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00035 · Cited by 311
On Being Both With Us and Against Us: A Normative Conflict Model of Dissent in Social Groups
Packer, D. J. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868307309606 · Cited by 311
Measuring psychological uncertainty: Verbal versus numeric methods.
Windschitl, P. D., & Wells, G. L. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied · doi:10.1037/1076-898x.2.4.343 · Cited by 326
Pathways of the Past: the Imprint of Memory
Horn, G. (2004) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1324 · Cited by 308
Wisdom in Context
Grossmann, I. (2017) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616672066 · Cited by 306
Hypermnesia for pictures
Erdelyi, M. H., & Becker, J. (1974) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90008-5 · Cited by 306
Long-lasting modulation of feature integrationby transcranial magnetic stimulation
Scharnowski, F., Ruter, J., Jolij, J., Hermens, F., Kammer, T., & Herzog, M. H. (2009) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/9.6.1 · Cited by 305
Self-Esteem and Emotion: Some Thoughts about Feelings
Brown, J. D., & Marshall, M. A. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167201275006 · Cited by 304
Limitations on input as a basis for neural organization and perceptual development: A preliminary theoretical statement
Turkewitz, G., & Kenny, P. A. (1982) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.420150408 · Cited by 304
A mind you can count on: validating breath counting as a behavioral measure of mindfulness
Levinson, D. B., Stoll, E. L., Kindy, S. D., Merry, H. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01202 · Cited by 287
Interoceptive dysfunction: Toward an integrated framework for understanding somatic and affective disturbance in depression
Harshaw, C. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038101 · Cited by 302
Prime theory: An integrated view of motivation and emotion.
Buck, R. (1985) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.92.3.389 · Cited by 302
Global Workspace Dynamics: Cortical “Binding and Propagation” Enables Conscious Contents
Baars, B. J., Franklin, S., & Ramsoy, T. Z. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00200 · Cited by 294
Confidence and accuracy of near-threshold discrimination responses
Kunimoto, C., Miller, J., & Pashler, H. (2001) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1006/ccog.2000.0494 · Cited by 291
Emotion and decision-making: affect-driven belief systems in anxiety and depression
Paulus, M. P., & Yu, A. J. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.07.009 · Cited by 287
Compensatory plasticity and cross-modal reorganization following early visual deprivation
Kupers, R., & Ptito, M. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.08.001 · Cited by 293
Measuring information integration
Tononi, G., & Sporns, O. (2003) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-4-31 · Cited by 294
Decomposing Global Self‐Esteem
Tafarodi, R. W., & Milne, A. B. (2002) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/1467-6494.05017 · Cited by 289
Panpsychism and Panprotopsychism
Chalmers, D. J. (2016) · Panpsychism · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199359943.003.0002 · Cited by 432
Coupling Inner and Outer Body for Self-Consciousness
Park, H.-D., & Blanke, O. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.02.002 · Cited by 266
Specifying the self for cognitive neuroscience
Christoff, K., Cosmelli, D., Legrand, D., & Thompson, E. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.01.001 · Cited by 286
Transfer of test- enhanced learning: meta-analytic review and synthesis
Pan, S. C., & Rickard, T. C. (2018) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000151 · Cited by 286
Information integration without awareness
Mudrik, L., Faivre, N., & Koch, C. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.009 · Cited by 277
Heartbeat-evoked cortical responses: Underlying mechanisms, functional roles, and methodological considerations
Park, H.-D., & Blanke, O. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.081 · Cited by 285
The Behavioral Immune System
Murray, D. R., & Schaller, M. (2016) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.09.002 · Cited by 282
The Conscious Id
Solms, M. (2013) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2013.10773711 · Cited by 284
Posterior parietal cortex and episodic retrieval: convergent and divergent effects of attention and memory
Hutchinson, J. B., Uncapher, M. R., & Wagner, A. D. (2009) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.919109 · Cited by 277
The 33rd Sir Frederick Bartlett Lecture Cognitive neuropsychiatry and delusional belief
Coltheart, M. (2007) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210701338071 · Cited by 280
Habits without values.
Miller, K. J., Shenhav, A., & Ludvig, E. A. (2019) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000120 · Cited by 280
Metacognitive model of mindfulness
Jankowski, T., & Holas, P. (2014) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2014.06.005 · Cited by 276
Greater efficiency in attentional processing related to mindfulness meditation
van den Hurk, P. A. M., Giommi, F., Gielen, S. C., Speckens, A. E. M., & Barendregt, H. P. (2010) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210903249365 · Cited by 277
Anxiety and presence during VR immersion: A comparative study of the reactions of phobic and non-phobic participants in therapeutic virtual environments derived from computer games
Robillard, G., Bouchard, S., Fournier, T., & Renaud, P. (2003) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/109493103769710497 · Cited by 272
Mindfulness and Counseling Self‐Efficacy: The Mediating Role of Attention and Empathy
Greason, P. B., & Cashwell, C. S. (2009) · Counselor Education and Supervision · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2009.tb00083.x · Cited by 272
Evidence-Based and Intuition-Based Self-Knowledge: An fMRI Study.
Lieberman, M. D., Jarcho, J. M., & Satpute, A. B. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.4.421 · Cited by 272
Consolidating memories
McGaugh, J. L. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-014954 · Cited by 271
The Link between Facial Feedback and Neural Activity within Central Circuitries of Emotion—New Insights from Botulinum Toxin–Induced Denervation of Frown Muscles
Hennenlotter, A., Dresel, C., Castrop, F., Ceballos-Baumann, A. O., Wohlschläger, A. M., & Haslinger, B. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn104 · Cited by 269
Training the brain: fact and fad in cognitive and behavioral remediation.
Rabipour, S., & Raz, A. (2012) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2012.02.006 · Cited by 267
The Role of Cultural Identity Clarity for Self-Concept Clarity, Self-Esteem, and Subjective Well-Being
Usborne, E., & Taylor, D. M. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210372215 · Cited by 266
Is timely information always better? The effect of feedback frequency on decision making
Lurie, N. H., & Swaminathan, J. M. (2009) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.05.005 · Cited by 264
Minimal self-models and the free energy principle.
Limanowski, J., & Blankenburg, F. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00547 · Cited by 263
Mental comparison and the symbolic distance effect
Moyer, R. S., & Bayer, R. H. (1976) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(76)90025-6 · Cited by 260
Food Safety in Home Kitchens: A Synthesis of the Literature
Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Berning, J., Martin-Biggers, J., & Quick, V. (2013) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph10094060 · Cited by 262

Authors: James, W.
Venue: Henry Holt and Company eBooks
Publisher: Henry Holt and Company
Published: 1913
Volume: 20
Issue: 3-4
Pages: 27-551
DOI: 10.1037/11059-000
OpenAlex: W2751379301
Cited by: 25,226
References: 0
FWCI: 3.00
Type: book
Language: en
Open access: green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

The principles of psychology.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources