Oxytocin, motherhood and bonding
Abstract
Release of the peptide hormone oxytocin in the brain has been shown to influence both maternal, sexual and social bonding behaviours although there are a number of species differences. This review summarizes findings on the distributions of oxytocin and oxytocin receptors in the brain, together with factors governing their expression, release of the peptide in the brain and its behavioural actions. A model of how oxytocin may act to alter maternal and socio‐sexual behaviours is proposed which initially involves activation of oxytocin neurones in a single brain site, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), following vaginal and cervical stimulation. This causes a co‐ordinated release of the peptide in the PVN and its terminal projection regions for up to 1 h and this promotes different behavioural components, primarily through modulation of classical transmitter systems.
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In humans, OT plays key roles in social bonding in general, as well as specific aspects of maternal brain function, including vaginal delivery, breastfeeding, and parental sensitivity.
“In humans, OT plays key roles in social bonding in general (29), as well as specific aspects of maternal brain function (30), including: (i) vaginal delivery (31); (ii) breastfeeding (32); and (iii) parental sensitivity (33–36).”
From Neuroendocrinology of Parental Response to Baby‐Cry (2011) · cites this paper as [31]
OXT plays a critical role in the facilitation of social bonding and prosocial behavior toward a social partner.
“Oxytocin (OXT), a neuromodulatory nonapeptide, plays a critical role in the facilitation of social bonding and prosocial behavior toward a social partner (Feldman, 2012).”
From Marmosets treated with oxytocin are more socially attractive to their long-term mate (2015) · cites this paper as Kendrick, 2000
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- Authors
- Kendrick, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Babraham Institute (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kendrick, Keith. M.
- ORCID
- Kendrick, Keith. M.
- Venue
- Experimental Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- s1
- Pages
- 111S-124S
- ISSN
- 0958-0670 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-445X
- OpenAlex
- W2069334714
- Cited by
- 378
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- oxytocin, maternal behavior, social bonding, sexual behavior, oxytocin receptor, paraventricular nucleus, neurotransmitter systems, species differences
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Chemistry, Maternal Behavior, Object Attachment, Oxytocin
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