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Cited by 396

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 677 of the 677 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Sick and the Weak: Neuropathies/Myopathies in the Critically Ill

Open access
Friedrich, O., Reid, M. B., Van den Berghe, G., Vanhorebeek, I., Hermans, G., Rich, M. M., Larsson, L.·2015·Physiological Reviews

Abstract

Critical illness polyneuropathies (CIP) and myopathies (CIM) are common complications of critical illness. Several weakness syndromes are summarized under the term intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW). We propose a classification of different ICUAW forms (CIM, CIP, sepsis-induced, steroid-denervation myopathy) and pathophysiological mechanisms from clinical and animal model data. Triggers include sepsis, mechanical ventilation, muscle unloading, steroid treatment, or denervation. Some ICUAW forms require stringent diagnostic features; CIM is marked by membrane hypoexcitability, severe atrophy, preferential myosin loss, ultrastructural alterations, and inadequate autophagy activation while myopathies in pure sepsis do not reproduce marked myosin loss. Reduced membrane excitability results from depolarization and ion channel dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to energy-dependent processes. Ubiquitin proteasome and calpain activation trigger muscle proteolysis and atrophy while protein synthesis is impaired. Myosin loss is more pronounced than actin loss in CIM. Protein quality control is altered by inadequate autophagy. Ca 2+dysregulation is present through altered Ca 2+homeostasis. We highlight clinical hallmarks, trigger factors, and potential mechanisms from human studies and animal models that allow separation of risk factors that may trigger distinct mechanisms contributing to weakness. During critical illness, altered inflammatory (cytokines) and metabolic pathways deteriorate muscle function. ICUAW prevention/treatment is limited, e.g., tight glycemic control, delaying nutrition, and early mobilization. Future challenges include identification of primary/secondary events during the time course of critical illness, the interplay between membrane excitability, bioenergetic failure and differential proteolysis, and finding new therapeutic targets by help of tailored animal models.

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Crossref · 10.1152/physrev.00028.2014

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Metadata

Authors
Friedrich, O., Reid, M. B., Van den Berghe, G., Vanhorebeek, I., Hermans, G., Rich, M. M., & Larsson, L.
Venue
Physiological Reviews
Published
2015-07
Volume
95
Issue
3
Pages
1025-1109
ISSN
  • 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1210
OpenAlex
W2131699531
Cited by
396
References
677
FWCI
3.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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