The DOI matches its Crossref record; 431 of the 431 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease
Abstract
In this review, we have described the function of MR and GR in hippocampal neurons. The balance in actions mediated by the two corticosteroid receptor types in these neurons appears critical for neuronal excitability, stress responsiveness, and behavioral adaptation. Dysregulation of this MR/GR balance brings neurons in a vulnerable state with consequences for regulation of the stress response and enhanced vulnerability to disease in genetically predisposed individuals. The following specific inferences can be made on the basis of the currently available facts. 1. Corticosterone binds with high affinity to MRs predominantly localized in limbic brain (hippocampus) and with a 10-fold lower affinity to GRs that are widely distributed in brain. MRs are close to saturated with low basal concentrations of corticosterone, while high corticosterone concentrations during stress occupy both MRs and GRs. 2. The neuronal effects of corticosterone, mediated by MRs and GRs, are long-lasting, site-specific, and conditional. The action depends on cellular context, which is in part determined by other signals that can activate their own transcription factors interacting with MR and GR. These interactions provide an impressive diversity and complexity to corticosteroid modulation of gene expression. 3. Conditions of predominant MR activation, i.e., at the circadian trough at rest, are associated with the maintenance of excitability so that steady excitatory inputs to the hippocampal CA1 area result in considerable excitatory hippocampal output. By contrast, additional GR activation, e.g., after acute stress, generally depresses the CA1 hippocampal output. A similar effect is seen after adrenalectomy, indicating a U-shaped dose-response dependency of these cellular responses after the exposure to corticosterone. 4. Corticosterone through GR blocks the stress-induced HPA activation in hypothalamic CRH neurons and modulates the activity of the excitatory and inhibitory neural inputs to these neurons. Limbic (e.g., hippocampal) MRs mediate the effect of corticosterone on the maintenance of basal HPA activity and are of relevance for the sensitivity or threshold of the central stress response system. How this control occurs is not known, but it probably involves a steady excitatory hippocampal output, which regulates a GABA-ergic inhibitory tone on PVN neurons. Colocalized hippocampal GRs mediate a counteracting (i.e., disinhibitory) influence. Through GRs in ascending aminergic pathways, corticosterone potentiates the effect of stressors and arousal on HPA activation. The functional interaction between these corticosteroid-responsive inputs at the level of the PVN is probably the key to understanding HPA dysregulation associated with stress-related brain disorders. 5. Fine-tuning of HPA regulation occurs through MR- and GR-mediated effects on the processing of information in higher brain structures. Under healthy conditions, hippocampal MRs are involved in processes underlying integration of sensory information, interpretation of environmental information, and execution of appropriate behavioral reactions. Activation of hippocampal GRs facilitates storage of information and promotes elimination of inadequate behavioral responses. These behavioral effects mediated by MR and GR are linked, but how they influence endocrine regulation is not well understood. 6. Dexamethasone preferentially targets the pituitary in the blockade of stress-induced HPA activation. The brain penetration of this synthetic glucocorticoid is hampered by the mdr1a P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier. Administration of moderate amounts of dexamethasone partially depletes the brain of corticosterone, and this has destabilizing consequences for excitability and information processing. 7. The set points of HPA regulation and MR/GR balance are genetically programmed, but can be reset by early life experiences involving mother-infant interaction. 8. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While GRs are ubiquitously expressed throughout the brain, they are highly expressed in the hippocampus (De Kloet, Vreugdenhil, Oitzl, & Joels, 1998) and hypophysiotropic neurons of the PVN (Kovacs, Foldes, & Sawchenko, 2000; Sawchenko, 1987), two brain regions key to negative feedback.”
From Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity (2017) · cites this paper as De Kloet, Vreugdenhil, Oitzl, & Joels, 1998
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Low cortisol concentrations during SWS-rich sleep benefit declarative memory consolidation by preventing activation of glucocorticoid receptors that mediate an inhibitory influence on hippocampal LTP and output from CA1 (648, 649, 666).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [649]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Mineralocorticoid receptors have a much higher affinity (Kd = 0.5 nM) for CORT than do GRs (Kd =5.0 nM) (De Kloet, Veldhuis, Wagenaars, & Bergink, 1984; De Kloet, Vreugdenhil, Oitzl, & Joels, 1998)”
From Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity (2017) · cites this paper as De Kloet, Vreugdenhil, Oitzl, & Joels, 1998
In the citing paper
“Briefly, 11β-HSD type 1 generates the bioactive form (cortisol or corticosterone) from inactive 11-keto derivatives while 11β-HSD type 2 catalyzes the opposite reaction. Interestingly, 11-keto derivatives do not bind to CBG in plasma nor are expelled by the efflux pumps of the BBB. As a result, 11-keto-GCs reach the CNS more readily than the bioactive form. 11β-HSD type 1 is widely expressed by”
From The HPA – Immune Axis and the Immunomodulatory Actions of Glucocorticoids in the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“The binding affinity of cortisol is however 10-fold greater for the MR than the GR (66). MRs are thus heavily bound by basal/low levels of GCs while substantial ligation of GRs only occurs upon stress or when the highest ultraradian peaks are reached.”
From The HPA – Immune Axis and the Immunomodulatory Actions of Glucocorticoids in the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“CBG is a thermosensitive glycoprotein that binds up to 90% of circulating GCs in the bloodstream. The remaining 10% may also be associated to serum albumin. In consequence, the levels of free circulating GCs are usually about 5% (66, 67).”
From The HPA – Immune Axis and the Immunomodulatory Actions of Glucocorticoids in the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [66]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
Bliss, T. V. P., & Collingridge, G. L. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361031a0 · Cited by 11,566
Tumor suppressor p53 is a direct transcriptional activator of the human bax gene
Toshiyuki, M., & Reed, J. C. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90412-3 · Cited by 4,063
Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning.
Phillips, R. G., & LeDoux, J. E. (1992) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.106.2.274 · Cited by 3,292
The psychology of fear and stress
(1988) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-2399 · Cited by 3,133
Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions
MUNCK, A., GUYRE, P. M., & HOLBROOK, N. J. (1984) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-5-1-25 · Cited by 3,083
The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders: Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis
Chrousos, G. P. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480090092034 · Cited by 2,689
Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: Microdistribution and differential occupation
REUL, J. M. H. M., & KLOET, E. R. D. (1985) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-117-6-2505 · Cited by 2,580
The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Immune-Mediated Inflammation
Chrousos, G. P. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199505183322008 · Cited by 2,579
The role of the amygdala in fear and anxiety
Davis, M. (1992) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.002033 · Cited by 2,357
The Neuroendocrinology of Stress and Aging: The Glucocorticoid Cascade Hypothesis
Sapolsky, R. M., Krey, L. C., & McEwen, B. S. (1986) · Science of Aging Knowledge Environment · doi:10.1126/sageke.2002.38.cp21 · Cited by 2,343
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Tausk, 1951, Das Hormon: Hat die Nebenniere tatsächlich eine Verteidigungsfunktion?, Organon International BV, The Netherlands, vol, 3, 1
- Sapolsky, 1992, Stress, The Aging Brain and the Mechanism of Neuron Death
- De Kloet, 1994, Ann NY Acad Sci
- Nichols, 1994, Gene products of corticosteroid action in hippocampus., Ann NY Acad Sci, 746, 145, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb39225.x · DOI
- Sutanto, 1993, The role of GABA in the regulation of the stress response, In: Stanford CS, Salmon P (eds) Stress: From Synapse to Syndrome. Academic Press, New York, pp, 333
- Henry, 1977, A Sociobiologic Approach to Medicine
- Sutanto, 1989, Differential corticosteroid binding characteristics to the mineralocorticoid (type 1) and glucocorticoid (type 2) receptors in the brain of pharmacogenetically-selected apomorphine-susceptible and apomorphine-unsusceptible Wistar rats., Neurosci Res Commun, 5, 19
- Gerlach, 1972, Rat brain binds adrenal steroid hormone: radioautography of hippocampus., Science, 175, 1133, 10.1126/science.175.4026.1133 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sapolsky, R. M., Romero, L. M., & Munck, A. U. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389 · Cited by 7,541
Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior
Weaver, I. C. G., Cervoni, N., Champagne, F. A., D'Alessio, A. C., Sharma, S., Seckl, J. R., Dymov, S., Szyf, M., & Meaney, M. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1276 · Cited by 6,177
Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease
de Kloet, E. R., Joëls, M., & Holsboer, F. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1683 · Cited by 4,621
Self-citationDiekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2762 · Cited by 3,760
Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses
Ulrich-Lai, Y. M., & Herman, J. P. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2647 · Cited by 3,318
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783
Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology
Koolhaas, J. M., Korte, S. M., De Boer, S. F., Van Der Vegt, B. J., Van Reenen, C. G., Hopster, H., De Jong, I. C., Ruis, M. A. W., & Blokhuis, H. J. (1999) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00026-3 · Cited by 2,875
Meaney, M. J. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1161 · Cited by 2,708
The Corticosteroid Receptor Hypothesis of Depression
Holsboer, F. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00159-7 · Cited by 2,181
The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in neuroendocrine responses to stress
Smith, S. M., & Vale, W. W. (2006) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2006.8.4/ssmith · Cited by 1,948
McEwen, B. S. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02950-4 · Cited by 1,827
Regulation of the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenocortical Stress Response
Herman, J. P., McKlveen, J. M., Ghosal, S., Kopp, B., Wulsin, A., Makinson, R., Scheimann, J., & Myers, B. (2016) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c150015 · Cited by 1,819
Herman, J. P., Figueiredo, H., Mueller, N. K., Ulrich-Lai, Y., Ostrander, M. M., Choi, D. C., & Cullinan, W. E. (2003) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2003.07.001 · Cited by 1,586
Limbic system mechanisms of stress regulation: Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis
Herman, J. P., Ostrander, M. M., Mueller, N. K., & Figueiredo, H. (2005) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.08.006 · Cited by 1,322
Depression and cortisol responses to psychological stress: A meta-analysis
Burke, H. M., Davis, M. C., Otte, C., & Mohr, D. C. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.010 · Cited by 1,194
Raison, C. L., & Miller, A. H. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.9.1554 · Cited by 1,197
Glucocorticoid receptors in major depression: relevance to pathophysiology and treatment
Pariante, C. M., & Miller, A. H. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01088-x · Cited by 1,147
Korte, S. M., Koolhaas, J. M., Wingfield, J. C., & McEwen, B. S. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.08.009 · Cited by 1,097
Social regulation of the cortisol levels in early human development
Gunnar, M. R., & Donzella, B. (2002) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00045-2 · Cited by 1,088
Kudielka, B. M., Hellhammer, D. H., & Wüst, S. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.10.004 · Cited by 963
Meaney, M. J., & Szyf, M. (2005) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2005.7.2/mmeaney · Cited by 958
Weaver, I. C. G., Champagne, F. A., Brown, S. E., Dymov, S., Sharma, S., Meaney, M. J., & Szyf, M. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3652-05.2005 · Cited by 905
Glucocorticoids, prenatal stress and the programming of disease
Harris, A., & Seckl, J. (2011) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.007 · Cited by 871
Kudielka, B. M., Buske-Kirschbaum, A., Hellhammer, D. H., & Kirschbaum, C. (2004) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00146-4 · Cited by 851
Measuring Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites in Mammals and Birds: The Importance of Validation
TOUMA, C., & PALME, R. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1343.006 · Cited by 844
Neurosteroids: biosynthesis and function of these novel neuromodulators
Compagnone, N. A., & Mellon, S. H. (2000) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1006/frne.1999.0188 · Cited by 820
Sex, stress and the hippocampus: allostasis, allostatic load and the aging process
MCEWEN, B. (2002) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00027-1 · Cited by 753
Sex differences in stress-related psychiatric disorders: neurobiological perspectives
Bangasser, D. A., & Valentino, R. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.03.008 · Cited by 737
Oyola, M. G., & Handa, R. J. (2017) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2017.1369523 · Cited by 710
Intranasal insulin improves memory in humans
Benedict, C., Hallschmid, M., Hatke, A., Schultes, B., Fehm, H. L., Born, J., & Kern, W. (2004) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.04.003 · Cited by 699
Glucocorticoids, depression, and mood disorders: Structural remodeling in the brain
McEwen, B. S. (2005) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.008 · Cited by 687
Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory consolidation
Roozendaal, B. (2000) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00058-x · Cited by 665
Champagne, D. L., Bagot, R. C., van Hasselt, F., Ramakers, G., Meaney, M. J., de Kloet, E. R., Joels, M., & Krugers, H. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0526-08.2008 · Cited by 661
Self-citationEnvironmental Enrichment Reverses the Effects of Maternal Separation on Stress Reactivity
Francis, D. D., Diorio, J., Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-18-07840.2002 · Cited by 663
Uncertainty and stress: Why it causes diseases and how it is mastered by the brain
Peters, A., McEwen, B. S., & Friston, K. (2017) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.004 · Cited by 652
“Thus, a setpoint is generated that depends primarily on the functioning of the MR in coordination with GR (de Kloet et al., 1998; Peters et al., 2007a).”
InfluentialHolsboer, F. (1999) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(98)90056-5 · Cited by 654
Effects of adverse experiences for brain structure and function
McEwen, B. S. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00964-1 · Cited by 639
Pace, T. W. W., Hu, F., & Miller, A. H. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2006.08.009 · Cited by 621
The glucocorticoid receptor: Pivot of depression and of antidepressant treatment?
Anacker, C., Zunszain, P. A., Carvalho, L. A., & Pariante, C. M. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.03.007 · Cited by 592
Daskalakis, N. P., Bagot, R. C., Parker, K. J., Vinkers, C. H., & de Kloet, E. R. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.008 · Cited by 579
Stress, hypercortisolism and corticosteroid receptors in depression: implicatons for therapy
Holsboer, F. (2001) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00352-9 · Cited by 575
The Functional and Clinical Significance of the 24-Hour Rhythm of Circulating Glucocorticoids
Oster, H., Challet, E., Ott, V., Arvat, E., de Kloet, E. R., Dijk, D.-J., Lightman, S., Vgontzas, A., & Van Cauter, E. (2017) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2015-1080 · Cited by 548
The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders
Knezevic, E., Nenic, K., Milanovic, V., & Knezevic, N. N. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12232726 · Cited by 564
“Mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are the two types of receptors that glucocorticoids exert their effects through on the hypothalamic– pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) [14].”
BackgroundDeclarative memory consolidation: mechanisms acting during human sleep
Gais, S., & Born, J. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.80504 · Cited by 536
Gaab, J., Rohleder, N., Nater, U. M., & Ehlert, U. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.001 · Cited by 525
Early programming of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis
MATTHEWS, S. (2002) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(02)00690-2 · Cited by 513
de Kloet, C. S., Vermetten, E., Geuze, E., Kavelaars, A., Heijnen, C. J., & Westenberg, H. G. M. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.08.002 · Cited by 503
Neural Mechanisms of Stress Resilience and Vulnerability
Franklin, T. B., Saab, B. J., & Mansuy, I. M. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.016 · Cited by 500
The selfish brain: Competition for energy resources
Peters, A., Schweiger, U., Pellerin, L., Hubold, C., Oltmanns, K. M., Conrad, M., Schultes, B., Born, J., & Fehm, H. L. (2004) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.03.002 · Cited by 489
The coming out of the brain mineralocorticoid receptor
Joëls, M., Karst, H., DeRijk, R., & de Kloet, E. R. (2008) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.10.005 · Cited by 481
Self-citationMorris, M. C., Compas, B. E., & Garber, J. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.002 · Cited by 466
Champagne, F., & Meaney, M. J. (2001) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(01)33022-4 · Cited by 455
Sheng, J. A., Bales, N. J., Myers, S. A., Bautista, A. I., Roueinfar, M., Hale, T. M., & Handa, R. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.601939 · Cited by 418
The Stressed CNS: When Glucocorticoids Aggravate Inflammation
Sorrells, S. F., Caso, J. R., Munhoz, C. D., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.032 · Cited by 425
Inflammation and depression: a causal or coincidental link to the pathophysiology?
Leonard, B. E. (2018) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2016.69 · Cited by 409
The HPA – Immune Axis and the Immunomodulatory Actions of Glucocorticoids in the Brain
Bellavance, M.-A., & Rivest, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00136 · Cited by 419
A meta-analytic review of the effects of acute cortisol administration on human memory
Het, S., Ramlow, G., & Wolf, O. T. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.03.005 · Cited by 414
Rapid non-genomic effects of corticosteroids and their role in the central stress response
Groeneweg, F. L., Karst, H., de Kloet, E. R., & Joëls, M. (2011) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-10-0472 · Cited by 414
Self-citationNeural control of chronic stress adaptation
Herman, J. P. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00061 · Cited by 384
The crucial role of pulsatile activity of the HPA axis for continuous dynamic equilibration
Lightman, S. L., & Conway-Campbell, B. L. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2914 · Cited by 390
Hormones, developmental plasticity and adaptation
Dufty, A. (2002) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02498-9 · Cited by 382
Chronic stress: Implications for neuronal morphology, function and neurogenesis
Joëls, M., Karst, H., Krugers, H. J., & Lucassen, P. J. (2007) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.04.001 · Cited by 381
Self-citationBoyle, M. P., Brewer, J. A., Funatsu, M., Wozniak, D. F., Tsien, J. Z., Izumi, Y., & Muglia, L. J. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0406458102 · Cited by 378
Neural circuits mediating stress
López, J. F., Akil, H., & Watson, S. J. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00266-8 · Cited by 373
Stress, cognitive impairment and cell adhesion molecules
Sandi, C. (2004) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1555 · Cited by 374
Ladd, C. O., Huot, R. L., Thrivikraman, K. V., Nemeroff, C. B., & Plotsky, P. M. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.007 · Cited by 368
Coping with the Forced Swim Stressor: Towards Understanding an Adaptive Mechanism
de Kloet, E. R., & Molendijk, M. L. (2016) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/6503162 · Cited by 353
Self-citationCircadian glucocorticoid oscillations promote learning-dependent synapse formation and maintenance.
Liston, C., Cichon, J. M., Jeanneteau, F., Jia, Z., Chao, M. V., & Gan, W.-B. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3387 · Cited by 358
Glucocorticoids are critical regulators of dendritic spine development and plasticity in vivo
Liston, C., & Gan, W.-B. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1110444108 · Cited by 352
Stress and hippocampal plasticity: implications for the pathophysiology of affective disorders
McEwen, B. S., & Magarinos, A. M. (2001) · Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.266 · Cited by 349
Maternal programming of steroid receptor expression and phenotype through DNA methylation in the rat
Szyf, M., Weaver, I. C. G., Champagne, F. A., Diorio, J., & Meaney, M. J. (2005) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2005.10.002 · Cited by 348
The mesoaccumbens dopamine in coping with stress
Cabib, S., & Puglisi-Allegra, S. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.012 · Cited by 329
Effects of Chronic Stress on Structure and Cell Function in Rat Hippocampus and Hypothalamus
Joëls, M., Karst, H., Alfarez, D., Heine, V. M., Qin, Y., Riel, E. V., Verkuyl, M., Lucassen, P. J., & Krugers, H. J. (2004) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890500070005 · Cited by 330
Cytokines and Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling
Pace, T. W. W., & Miller, A. H. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04984.x · Cited by 339
Magariños, A. M., Deslandes, A., & McEwen, B. S. (1999) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00163-6 · Cited by 330
Myers, B., McKlveen, J. M., & Herman, J. P. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.12.003 · Cited by 318
Effects of long-term voluntary exercise on the mouse hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis
Droste, S. K., Gesing, A., Ulbricht, S., Müller, M. B., Linthorst, A. C. E., & Reul, J. M. H. M. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0097 · Cited by 324
Chronic stress and glucocorticoids: From neuronal plasticity to neurodegeneration
Vyas, S., Rodrigues, A. J., Silva, J. M., Tronche, F., Almeida, O. F. X., Sousa, N., & Sotiropoulos, I. (2016) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/6391686 · Cited by 297
Acute stress, memory, attention and cortisol
Vedhara, K., Hyde, J., Gilchrist, I. D., Tytherleigh, M., & Plummer, S. (2000) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00008-1 · Cited by 313
Neural regulation of the stress response: glucocorticoid feedback mechanisms
Herman, J. P., McKlveen, J. M., Solomon, M. B., Carvalho-Netto, E., & Myers, B. (2012) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500041 · Cited by 307
Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis induces cellular oxidative stress
Spiers, J. G., Chen, H.-J. C., Sernia, C., & Lavidis, N. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00456 · Cited by 292
McKlveen, J. M., Myers, B., & Herman, J. P. (2015) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12272 · Cited by 273
Bekris, S., Antoniou, K., Daskas, S., & Papadopoulou-Daifoti, Z. (2005) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.01.005 · Cited by 281
Droste, S. K., de Groote, L., Atkinson, H. C., Lightman, S. L., Reul, J. M. H. M., & Linthorst, A. C. E. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-0103 · Cited by 280
Rinne, T., de Kloet, E. R., Wouters, L., Goekoop, J. G., DeRijk, R. H., & van den Brink, W. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01395-1 · Cited by 279
Mechanisms of rapid glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Tasker, J. G., & Herman, J. P. (2011) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2011.586446 · Cited by 277
Glucocorticoids: exemplars of multi-tasking
Buckingham, J. C. (2006) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706456 · Cited by 276
Structural and functional evolution of vertebrate neuroendocrine stress systems
Denver, R. J. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04433.x · Cited by 273
Spiga, F., Walker, J. J., Terry, J. R., & Lightman, S. L. (2014) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c140003 · Cited by 267
Cortisol and major depressive disorder-translating findings from humans to animal models and Back
Nandam, L. S., Brazel, M., Zhou, M., & Jhaveri, D. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00974 · Cited by 265
De Bosscher, K. (2000) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00297-6 · Cited by 264
Makino, S., Hashimoto, K., & Gold, P. W. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00791-8 · Cited by 260
Updating freeze: Aligning animal and human research
Hagenaars, M. A., Oitzl, M., & Roelofs, K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.021 · Cited by 260
Self-citationThe impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery
Gee, D. G., & Casey, B. J. (2015) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2015.02.001 · Cited by 245
Hu, W., Zhang, M., Czéh, B., Flügge, G., & Zhang, W. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.31 · Cited by 246
Steroids, neuroactive steroids and neurosteroids in psychopathology
Dubrovsky, B. O. (2005) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.11.001 · Cited by 250
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis regulation
Jacobson, L. (2005) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2005.01.003 · Cited by 248
Glucocorticoids, developmental ‘programming’ and the risk of affective dysfunction
Seckl, J. R. (2007) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(07)67002-2 · Cited by 245
Weaver, I. C. G. (2007) · Epigenetics · doi:10.4161/epi.2.1.3881 · Cited by 239
Ros-Bernal, F., Hunot, S., Herrero, M. T., Parnadeau, S., Corvol, J.-C., Lu, L., Alvarez-Fischer, D., Carrillo-de Sauvage, M. A., Saurini, F., Coussieu, C., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1017820108 · Cited by 231
Metadata
- Authors
- de Kloet, E. R., Vreugdenhil, E., Oitzl, M. S., & Joëls, M.
- Affiliations
- Division of Medical Pharmacology (E.R.D.K., E.V., M.S.O.), Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Leiden University (NL)
- Institute for Neurobiology (M.J.), University of Amsterdam, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Venue
- Endocrine Reviews
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1998-06-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 269-301
- ISSN
- 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7189
- OpenAlex
- W2171238991
- Cited by
- 2,614
- References
- 431
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 99 · 2014: 139 · 2013: 128 · 2012: 132
- FWCI
- 8.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (BRST960179)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Internationale Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- mineralocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, corticosterone, hippocampal neurons, neuronal excitability, stress response, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, paraventricular nucleus, GABAergic inhibition, adrenalectomy, circadian rhythm, gene expression regulation, neuroendocrine adaptation, limbic system
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Aging, Brain, Brain Diseases, Health, Humans, Receptors, Steroid, Stress, Physiological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
