Cited by 2,827Memory Processes and InfluencesAcademic and Historical Perspectives in PsychologyMemory and Neural Mechanisms

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology

Open access

Ebbinghaus, Hermann·2013·Annals of Neurosciences

DOI 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.200408PMC PMC4117135

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The first scientific text on the psychology of memory. Relating retention to repetition, describing the shape of the forgetting curve, and measuring strength of association, Hermann Ebbinghaus extended the province of systematic, experimental research to the higher mental processes.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.200408

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.

Sorted by citations

The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses
Kandel, E. R. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1067020 · Cited by 3,917
Long-term working memory.
Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.2.211 · Cited by 3,498
The power of testing memory: Basic research and implications for educational practice
Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00012.x · Cited by 2,037
Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A review and quantitative synthesis.
Cepeda, N. J., Pashler, H., Vul, E., Wixted, J. T., & Rohrer, D. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.354 · Cited by 1,888
Flawed Self-Assessment: Implications for Health, Education, and the Workplace
Dunning, D., Heath, C., & Suls, J. M. (2004) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.1529-1006.2004.00018.x · Cited by 1,865
The Critical Importance of Retrieval for Learning
Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152408 · Cited by 1,791
Short-term plasticity and long-term potentiation mimicked in single inorganic synapses
Ohno, T., Hasegawa, T., Tsuruoka, T., Terabe, K., Gimzewski, J. K., & Aono, M. (2011) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3054 · Cited by 1,793
The Neurobiology of Consolidations, Or, How Stable is the Engram?
Dudai, Y. (2004) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142050 · Cited by 1,671
The Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of Behavioral Interventions: Experimental Evidence from Energy Conservation
Allcott, H., & Rogers, T. (2014) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.104.10.3003 · Cited by 1,340
The nature of individual differences in working memory capacity: Active maintenance in primary memory and controlled search from secondary memory.
Unsworth, N., & Engle, R. W. (2007) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.114.1.104 · Cited by 1,307
A Distributed Representation of Temporal Context
Howard, M. W., & Kahana, M. J. (2002) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1006/jmps.2001.1388 · Cited by 1,174
Episodic memory and beyond: the hippocampus and neocortex in transformation
Moscovitch, M., Cabeza, R., Winocur, G., & Nadel, L. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143733 · Cited by 1,062
Locus coeruleus and dopaminergic consolidation of everyday memory
Takeuchi, T., Duszkiewicz, A. J., Sonneborn, A., Spooner, P. A., Yamasaki, M., Watanabe, M., Smith, C. C., Fernández, G., Deisseroth, K., Greene, R. W., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19325 · Cited by 827
A time to think: circadian rhythms in human cognition
Schmidt, C., Collette, F., Cajochen, C., & Peigneux, P. (2007) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643290701754158 · Cited by 778
Historical review and appraisal of research on the learning, retention, and transfer of human motor skills.
Adams, J. A. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.1.41 · Cited by 771
Learning Versus Performance: An Integrative Review
Soderstrom, N. C., & Bjork, R. A. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691615569000 · Cited by 651
NMDA receptors, place cells and hippocampal spatial memory
Nakazawa, K., McHugh, T. J., Wilson, M. A., & Tonegawa, S. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1385 · Cited by 619
Test-enhanced learning in medical education
Larsen, D. P., Butler, A. C., & Roediger III, H. L. (2008) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03124.x · Cited by 610
Implicit cognition and addiction: a tool for explaining paradoxical behavior
Stacy, A. W., & Wiers, R. W. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131444 · Cited by 607
Learning Concepts and Categories: Is Spacing the “Enemy of Induction”?
Kornell, N., & Bjork, R. A. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02127.x · Cited by 602
Simulating the Potential Impacts of COVID-19 School Closures on Schooling and Learning Outcomes: A Set of Global Estimates
Goldemberg, D., Azevedo, J. P., Iqbal, S. A., Hasan, A., & Geven, K. (2020) · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-9284 · Cited by 476
Repeated testing produces superior transfer of learning relative to repeated studying.
Butler, A. C. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0019902 · Cited by 492
Rethinking motor learning and savings in adaptation paradigms: model-free memory for successful actions combines with internal models
Huang, V. S., Haith, A., Mazzoni, P., & Krakauer, J. W. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.04.012 · Cited by 472
Optimising learning using flashcards: Spacing is more effective than cramming
Kornell, N. (2009) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1537 · Cited by 350
Memory for serial order across domains: An overview of the literature and directions for future research
Hurlstone, M. J., Hitch, G. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0034221 · Cited by 351
The existence of implicit bias is beyond reasonable doubt: A refutation of ideological and methodological objections and executive summary of ten studies that no manager should ignore
Jost, J. T., Rudman, L. A., Blair, I. V., Carney, D. R., Dasgupta, N., Glaser, J., & Hardin, C. D. (2009) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2009.10.001 · Cited by 353
Maintenance of Foreign Language Vocabulary and the Spacing Effect
Bahrick, H. P., Bahrick, L. E., Bahrick, A. S., & Bahrick, P. E. (1993) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00571.x · Cited by 334
Optimizing distributed practice
Cepeda, N. J., Coburn, N., Rohrer, D., Wixted, J. T., Mozer, M. C., & Pashler, H. (2009) · Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1027/1618-3169.56.4.236 · Cited by 296
The right time to learn: Mechanisms and optimization of spaced learning
Smolen, P., Zhang, Y., & Byrne, J. H. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.18 · Cited by 326
Enhancing learning and retarding forgetting: Choices and consequences
Pashler, H., Rohrer, D., Cepeda, N. J., & Carpenter, S. K. (2007) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03194050 · Cited by 282
Distribution of practice in motor skill acquisition: learning and performance effects reconsidered
Lee, T. D., & Genovese, E. D. (1988) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1988.10609373 · Cited by 267
The Unbidden Past: Involuntary Autobiographical Memories as a Basic Mode of Remembering
Berntsen, D. (2010) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721410370301 · Cited by 258
Age, Ability, and the Role of Prior Knowledge on the Acquisition of New Domain Knowledge: Promising Results in a Real-World Learning Environment.
Beier, M. E., & Ackerman, P. L. (2005) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.2.341 · Cited by 254
Tool-use reshapes the boundaries of body and peripersonal space representations
Canzoneri, E., Ubaldi, S., Rastelli, V., Finisguerra, A., Bassolino, M., & Serino, A. (2013) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3532-2 · Cited by 257
Disparate Effects of Repeated Testing: Reconciling Ballard's (1913) and Bartlett's (1932) Results
Wheeler, M. A., & Roediger, H. L. (1992) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00036.x · Cited by 254
AffectAura: an intelligent system for emotional memory
McDuff, D., Karlson, A., Kapoor, A., Roseway, A., & Czerwinski, M. (2012) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2207676.2208525 · Cited by 242
Extending Cognitive Load Theory to Incorporate Working Memory Resource Depletion: Evidence from the Spacing Effect
Chen, O., Castro-Alonso, J. C., Paas, F., & Sweller, J. (2018) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-017-9426-2 · Cited by 239
Working Memory Maturation: Can We Get at the Essence of Cognitive Growth?
Cowan, N. (2016) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691615621279 · Cited by 225
“Ebbinghaus, H. (1913). Ueber das gedächtnis: Untersuchen zur experimentellen psychologie [Memory: A contribution to”
Background
Genuine power curves in forgetting: A quantitative analysis of individual subject forgetting functions
Wixted, J. T., & Ebbesen, E. B. (1997) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03211316 · Cited by 237
Instructor and student knowledge of study strategies.
Morehead, K., Rhodes, M. G., & DeLozier, S. (2016) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2014.1001992 · Cited by 230
Adrenergic transmission facilitates extinction of conditional fear in mice
Cain, C. K., Blouin, A. M., & Barad, M. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.71504 · Cited by 215
Evaluating Effects of User Experience and System Transparency on Trust in Automation
Yang, X. J., Unhelkar, V. V., Li, K., & Shah, J. A. (2017) · Proceedings of the 2017 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction · doi:10.1145/2909824.3020230 · Cited by 208
Debunking Myths about Trauma and Memory
McNally, R. J. (2005) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370505001302 · Cited by 195
The dynamics of learning and allocation of study time to a region of proximal learning
Metcalfe, J., & Kornell, N. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.132.4.530 · Cited by 186
Putting category learning in order: Category structure and temporal arrangement affect the benefit of interleaved over blocked study
Carvalho, P. F., & Goldstone, R. L. (2014) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-013-0371-0 · Cited by 175
A systematic review of immersive virtual reality for industrial skills training
Radhakrishnan, U., Koumaditis, K., & Chinello, F. (2021) · Behaviour & Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2021.1954693 · Cited by 200
“For example, the Ebbinghaus model (Ebbinghaus 2013) suggests that students forget around 75% of what they learned within a few days in non-VR studies.”
Method
The spacing effect in children’s memory and category induction
Vlach, H. A., Sandhofer, C. M., & Kornell, N. (2008) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2008.07.013 · Cited by 165
The Phosphatase SHP2 Regulates the Spacing Effect for Long-Term Memory Induction
Pagani, M. R., Oishi, K., Gelb, B. D., & Zhong, Y. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.08.033 · Cited by 157
A distributed representation of internal time
Howard, M. W., Shankar, K. H., Aue, W. R., & Criss, A. H. (2015) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0037840 · Cited by 133
The neuroscience of memory: implications for the courtroom
Lacy, J. W., & Stark, C. E. L. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3563 · Cited by 155
Easy comes, easy goes? The link between learning and remembering and its exploitation in metacognition
Koriat, A. (2008) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.36.2.416 · Cited by 143
On Common Ground: Jost's (1897) Law of Forgetting and Ribot's (1881) Law of Retrograde Amnesia.
Wixted, J. T. (2004) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.111.4.864 · Cited by 140
Spaced retrieval practice increases college students’ short- and long-term retention of mathematics knowledge
Hopkins, R. F., Lyle, K. B., Hieb, J. L., & Ralston, P. A. S. (2016) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-015-9349-8 · Cited by 136
The Wickelgren Power Law and the Ebbinghaus Savings Function
Wixted, J. T., & Carpenter, S. K. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01862.x · Cited by 130
Toward an explanation of the power law artifact: Insights from response surface analysis
Myung, I. J., Kim, C., & Pitt, M. A. (2000) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03198418 · Cited by 126
Spaced Training Forms Complementary Long-Term Memories of Opposite Valence in Drosophila
Jacob, P. F., & Waddell, S. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.03.013 · Cited by 112
Amputation and prosthesis implantation shape body and peripersonal space representations
Canzoneri, E., Marzolla, M., Amoresano, A., Verni, G., & Serino, A. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep02844 · Cited by 115
Modifying Memory: Selectively Enhancing and Updating Personal Memories for a Museum Tour by Reactivating Them
St. Jacques, P. L., & Schacter, D. L. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797612457377 · Cited by 119
A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model-based Agents
Zhang, Z., Dai, Q., Bo, X., Ma, C., Li, R., Chen, X., Zhu, J., Dong, Z., & Wen, J.-R. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/3748302 · Cited by 592
Virtual Training: Learning Transfer of Assembly Tasks
Carlson, P., Peters, A., Gilbert, S. B., Vance, J. M., & Luse, A. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2015.2393871 · Cited by 117
Superior Serial Memory in the Blind: A Case of Cognitive Compensatory Adjustment
Raz, N., Striem, E., Pundak, G., Orlov, T., & Zohary, E. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.060 · Cited by 113
The role of repeated exposure to multimodal input in incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary
Bisson, M., van Heuven, W. J. B., Conklin, K., & Tunney, R. J. (2014) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12085 · Cited by 111
The Fading Affect Bias
Skowronski, J. J., Walker, W. R., Henderson, D. X., & Bond, G. D. (2014) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800052-6.00003-2 · Cited by 108
Remembering to Execute a Goal: Sleep on It!
Scullin, M. K., & McDaniel, M. A. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610373373 · Cited by 106
When confidence is not a signal of knowing: How students’ experiences and beliefs about processing fluency can lead to miscalibrated confidence
Finn, B., & Tauber, S. K. (2015) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-015-9313-7 · Cited by 102
Individual differences in long-term memory.
Unsworth, N. (2019) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000176 · Cited by 99
Making the case that episodic recollection is attributable to operations occurring at retrieval rather than to content stored in a dedicated subsystem of long-term memory
Klein, S. B. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00003 · Cited by 94
The exemplar interleaving effect in inductive learning: Moderation by the difficulty of category discriminations
Zulkiply, N., & Burt, J. S. (2013) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-012-0238-9 · Cited by 92
Autonoetic consciousness: reconsidering the role of episodic memory in future-oriented self-projection
Klein, S. B. (2016) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2015.1007150 · Cited by 92
Thinking forensics: Cognitive science for forensic practitioners
Edmond, G., Towler, A., Growns, B., Ribeiro, G., Found, B., White, D., Ballantyne, K., Searston, R. A., Thompson, M. B., Tangen, J. M., et al. (2017) · Science & Justice · doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2016.11.005 · Cited by 95
Does response mode affect amount recalled or the magnitude of the testing effect?
Putnam, A. L., & Roediger, H. L. (2013) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-012-0245-x · Cited by 86
Spaced learning enhances episodic memory by increasing neural pattern similarity across repetitions
Feng, K., Zhao, X., Liu, J., Cai, Y., Ye, Z., Chen, C., & Xue, G. (2019) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2741-18.2019 · Cited by 78
Retrieving and Modifying Traumatic Memories: Recent Research Relevant to Three Controversies
Engelhard, I. M., McNally, R. J., & van Schie, K. (2019) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721418807728 · Cited by 71
MAPK Establishes a Molecular Context That Defines Effective Training Patterns for Long-Term Memory Formation
Philips, G. T., Ye, X., Kopec, A. M., & Carew, T. J. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5561-12.2013 · Cited by 70
A comparative analysis of massed vs. distributed practice on basic math fact fluency growth rates
Schutte, G. M., Duhon, G. J., Solomon, B. G., Poncy, B. C., Moore, K., & Story, B. (2015) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2014.12.003 · Cited by 70
The ups and downs of memory.
Erdelyi, M. H. (2010) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0020440 · Cited by 69
Transient Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation Is Confined to a Narrow Temporal Window Required for the Induction of Two-Trial Long-Term Memory in Aplysia
Philips, G. T., Tzvetkova, E. I., & Carew, T. J. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4262-07.2007 · Cited by 67
Lesser neural pattern similarity across repeated tests is associated with better long-term memory retention.
Karlsson Wirebring, L., Wiklund-Hornqvist, C., Eriksson, J., Andersson, M., Jonsson, B., & Nyberg, L. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3550-14.2015 · Cited by 65
Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication: Preferences of Individuals With Locked-in Syndrome
Branco, M. P., Pels, E. G. M., Sars, R. H., Aarnoutse, E. J., Ramsey, N. F., Vansteensel, M. J., & Nijboer, F. (2021) · Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair · doi:10.1177/1545968321989331 · Cited by 61
A cohort study assessing the impact of Anki as a spaced repetition tool on academic performance in medical school
Gilbert, M. M., Frommeyer, T. C., Brittain, G. V., Stewart, N. A., Turner, T. M., Stolfi, A., & Parmelee, D. (2023) · Medical Science Educator · doi:10.1007/s40670-023-01826-8 · Cited by 56
Working memory training improves visual short-term memory capacity
Schwarb, H., Nail, J., & Schumacher, E. H. (2016) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-015-0648-y · Cited by 55
Spacing Simultaneously Promotes Multiple Forms of Learning in Children's Science Curriculum
Gluckman, M., Vlach, H. A., & Sandhofer, C. M. (2014) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.2997 · Cited by 57
Brief Exposure to Misinformation Can Lead to Long‐Term False Memories
Zhu, B., Chen, C., Loftus, E. F., He, Q., Chen, C., Lei, X., Lin, C., & Dong, Q. (2012) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1825 · Cited by 55
Testing promotes long-term learning via stabilizing activation patterns in a large network of brain areas
Keresztes, A., Kaiser, D., Kovács, G., & Racsmány, M. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht158 · Cited by 56
Neural correlates of the spacing effect in explicit verbal semantic encoding support the deficient‐processing theory
Callan, D. E., & Schweighofer, N. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20894 · Cited by 55
Memory Manipulations in Extended Reality
Bonnail, E., Tseng, W.-J., Mcgill, M., Lecolinet, E., Huron, S., & Gugenheimer, J. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3580988 · Cited by 51
From remembering to reconstruction: The transformative neural representation of episodic memory.
Xue, G. (2022) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102351 · Cited by 49
Neural mechanisms of the spacing effect in episodic memory: A parallel EEG and fMRI study
Zhao, X., Wang, C., Liu, Q., Xiao, X., Jiang, T., Chen, C., & Xue, G. (2015) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.002 · Cited by 33
Pattern and predictability in memory formation: From molecular mechanisms to clinical relevance
Philips, G. T., Kopec, A. M., & Carew, T. J. (2013) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.05.003 · Cited by 33
Sleep Restriction Impairs Vocabulary Learning when Adolescents Cram for Exams: The Need for Sleep Study
Huang, S., Deshpande, A., Yeo, S.-C., Lo, J. C., Chee, M. W. L., & Gooley, J. J. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.6092 · Cited by 28
Improving the effectiveness of computer-delivered personalized drinking feedback interventions for college students.
Jouriles, E. N., Brown, A. S., Rosenfield, D., McDonald, R., Croft, K., Leahy, M. M., & Walters, S. T. (2010) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0020830 · Cited by 26
Hypnosis, context effects and the recall of early autobiographical memories
Green, J. P. (1999) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207149908410038 · Cited by 17
The enigma of forgetting
Wixted, J. T. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2201332119 · Cited by 13
A comparison of recognition and savings as retrieval measures: A reexamination
Groninger, L. K., & Groninger, L. D. (1980) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03334527 · Cited by 13
Making Memories: Why Time Matters
Kelley, P., Evans, M. D. R., & Kelley, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00400 · Cited by 10
Truth-tellers stand the test of time and contradict evidence less than liars, even months after a crime.
Sukumar, D., Wade, K. A., & Hodgson, J. S. (2018) · Law and Human Behavior · doi:10.1037/lhb0000278 · Cited by 9
Quantitative prediction of spacing effects in learning
Reed, A. V. (1977) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(77)80028-5 · Cited by 6
Enhancing cosmetic suturing skill acquisition in surgical residents through spaced learning training: A randomized controlled trial
Yan, X., Abudouresuli, A., Yuemaier, A., Ge, Y., Shang, S., Yang, J., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2024.2363940 · Cited by 5
Spaced vocabulary acquisition while incidental listening by ESL university students
Zubenko, T., Gavrylenko, A., Zhyvotovska, T., & Vasylieva, N. (2022) · Advanced Education · doi:10.20535/2410-8286.250501 · Cited by 3
Human-inspired Perspectives: A Survey on AI Long-term Memory
He, Z., Lin, W., Zheng, H., Zhang, F., Jones, M. W., Aitchison, L., Xu, X., Liu, M., Kristensson, P. O., & Shen, J. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.00489 · Cited by 3
“In the subsequent sections, we offer a comprehensive discussion on the categorization of AI’s long-term memory, review relevant literature, and identify both key challenges and potential solutions.”

Authors: Ebbinghaus, H.
Corresponding author: Ebbinghaus, Hermann
Venue: Annals of Neurosciences
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2013-10-01
Volume: 20
Issue: 4
Pages: 155-6
ISSN: 0972-7531 (ISSN-L)
0976-3260
DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.200408
PMC: PMC4117135
OpenAlex: W2030007850
Cited by: 2,827
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 121 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 138 · 2015: 149 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 155
FWCI: 102.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Annals of Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Psychology › General Psychology › Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: memory, retention, repetition, forgetting curve, associative strength, Hermann Ebbinghaus, history of experimental psychology, higher mental functions

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks