Cited by 466Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting MaterialsElectrochemical sensors and biosensorsOcular Surface and Contact Lens

Contact Lens Sensors in Ocular Diagnostics

Farandos, Nicholas M., Yetisen, Ali K., Monteiro, Michael J., Lowe, Christopher R., Yun, Seok Hyun·2015·Advanced Healthcare Materials

Abstract

Contact lenses as a minimally invasive platform for diagnostics and drug delivery have emerged in recent years. Contact lens sensors have been developed for analyzing the glucose composition of tears as a surrogate for blood glucose monitoring and for the diagnosis of glaucoma by measuring intraocular pressure. However, the eye offers a wider diagnostic potential as a sensing site and therefore contact lens sensors have the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases and conditions. With advances in polymer synthesis, electronics and micro/nanofabrication, contact lens sensors can be produced to quantify the concentrations of many biomolecules in ocular fluids. Non‐ or minimally invasive contact lens sensors can be used directly in a clinical or point‐of‐care setting to monitor a disease state continuously. This article reviews the state‐of‐the‐art in contact lens sensor fabrication, their detection, wireless powering, and readout mechanisms, and integration with mobile devices and smartphones. High‐volume manufacturing considerations of contact lenses are also covered and a case study of an intraocular pressure contact lens sensor is provided as an example of a successful product. This Review further analyzes the contact lens market and the FDA regulatory requirements for commercialization of contact lens sensors.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/adhm.201400504

Cites

133 of 133 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Blood and tear fluid have a compositional difference due to the blood-tear barrier; however, the concentrations of analytes in both fluids have a relationship as a result of plasma leakage.

    “Blood and tear fluid have a compositional difference due to the blood–tear barrier; however, the concentrations of analytes in both fluids have a relationship as a result of plasma leakage.57”

    From Wearables in Medicine (2018) · cites this paper as [57]

  • Tear analysis presents opportunities for the diagnosis of ocular disease.

    “Not only do biomarker molecules in tears diffuse directly from the blood and exhibit close tear–blood concentration correlations, but also tear analysis presents opportunities for the diagnosis of ocular disease.”

    From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [94]

  • Biomarker molecules in tears diffuse directly from the blood and exhibit close tear-blood concentration correlations.

    “Not only do biomarker molecules in tears diffuse directly from the blood and exhibit close tear–blood concentration correlations, but also tear analysis presents opportunities for the diagnosis of ocular disease.”

    From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [94]

  • Tear glucose concentrations have been demonstrated to exhibit good correlation with blood glucose levels, reflecting diffusion from the lachrymal artery when tears are sampled without eye irritation or stimulation, which can compromise the relationship.

    “In particular, tear glucose concentrations have been demonstrated to exhibit good correlation with blood glucose levels, reflecting the diffusion from the lachrymal artery when the tears are sampled without any eye irritation or stimulation, which can compromise the relationship94, 95, 99-101.”

    From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [94]

  • A smart contact lens is a promising wearable health monitoring device.

    “Given this background, a smart contact lens is a promising example of a wearable, health monitoring device (13, 14).”

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Authors
Farandos, N. M., Yetisen, A. K., Monteiro, M. J., Lowe, C. R., & Yun, S. H.
Affiliations
  • Imperial College London (GB)
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
  • Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Yetisen, Ali K.
Venue
Advanced Healthcare Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-11-17
Volume
4
Issue
6
Pages
792-810
ISSN
  • 2192-2640 (ISSN-L)
  • 2192-2659
OpenAlex
W2055793978
Cited by
466
References
133
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 8
FWCI
2.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Advanced Healthcare Materials (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
Keywords
contact lens sensor, ocular diagnostics, glucose monitoring, tear glucose, glaucoma diagnosis, intraocular pressure, minimally invasive diagnosis, point-of-care monitoring, wireless power transfer, smartphone integration, contact lens manufacturing, FDA regulation, ocular drug delivery
MeSH terms
Contact Lenses, Electronics, Glaucoma, Humans, Intraocular Pressure, Biosensing Techniques

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