Cited by 207Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchProteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans researchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Contributions of astrocytes to synapse formation and maturation — Potential functions of the perisynaptic extracellular matrix

Faissner, Andreas, Pyka, Martin, Geissler, Maren, Sobik, Thomas, Frischknecht, Renato, Gundelfinger, Eckart D., Seidenbecher, Constanze·2010·Brain Research Reviews

Abstract

The concept of the tripartite synapse proposes that in addition to the presynapse and the postsynaptic membrane closely apposed processes of astrocytes constitute an integral part of the synapse. Accordingly, astrocytes may influence synaptic activity by various ways. Thus glia- and neuron-derived neurotrophins, cytokines and metabolites influence neuronal survival, synaptic activity and plasticity. Beyond these facts, the past years have shown that astrocytes are required for synaptogenesis, the structural maintenance and proper functioning of synapses. In particular, astrocytes seem to play a key role in the organization of the brain's extracellular matrix (ECM) - most prominently the so-called perineuronal nets (PNNs), complex macromolecular assemblies of ECM components. Due to progress in cellular and molecular neurosciences, it has been possible to decipher the composition of ECM structures and to obtain insight into their function(s) and underlying mechanisms. It appears that PNN-related structures are involved in regulating the sprouting and pruning of synapses, which represents an important morphological correlate of synaptic plasticity in the adult nervous system. Perturbation assays and gene elimination by recombinant techniques have provided clear indications that astrocyte-derived ECM components, e.g. the tenascins and chondroitinsulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) of the lectican family participate in these biological functions. The present review will discuss the glia-derived glycoproteins and CSPGs of the perisynaptic ECM, their neuronal and glial receptors, and in vitro assays to test their physiological functions in the framework of the synapse, the pivotal element of communication in the central nervous system.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.01.001

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Authors
Faissner, A., Pyka, M., Geissler, M., Sobik, T., Frischknecht, R., Gundelfinger, E. D., & Seidenbecher, C.
Affiliations
  • Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
  • Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (DE)
Venue
Brain Research Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-05
Volume
63
Issue
1-2
Pages
26-38
ISSN
0165-0173 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2085339091
Cited by
207
References
144
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 20
FWCI
1.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Brain Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
astrocytes, synaptogenesis, synapse maturation, perineuronal nets, tripartite synapse, synaptic plasticity, synaptic pruning, tenascin, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, lecticans, glycoproteins, neuron-glia interactions
MeSH terms
Animals, Astrocytes, Extracellular Matrix, Neurons, Synapses

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