Cited by 209Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorStress Responses and CortisolAnimal Behavior and Reproduction

Mechanisms underlying epigenetic effects of early social experience: the role of neuropeptides and steroids

CUSHING, B, KRAMER, K·2005·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

Abstract

In mammals the neonatal period is a time of significant social interaction. This is true even in solitary species as females spend a significant amount of time nursing and caring for their offspring. In social species interactions may also include the father, older siblings and extended family members. This period is a time of significant development, including organization of the central nervous system, and therefore a time when the degree and type of social interaction influences the development and expression of social behavior in adulthood. The purpose of this review is to examine the possible mechanisms for the epigenetic effects of early social experience on the subsequent expression of social behavior. We propose that social interactions during the neonatal period organize the subsequent expression of behavior by altering sensitivity to neuropeptides and steroids. Both neuropeptides (e.g. oxytocin and arginine vasopressin) and steroids (e.g. estrogen) regulate or influence the expression of behaviors such as affiliation, aggression, sociosexual behavior, parental behavior, and responses to stress. Therefore, changes in sensitivity to these hormones via reorganization of receptors or changes in hormone production and secretion are potentially powerful mechanisms through which early social experience can mold subsequent social behaviors.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.04.001

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  • Because AVP/OT and the dopaminergic pathways they feed into are heavily influenced by sex steroids across the lifespan, their sexually dimorphic ontogeny and function may be particularly vulnerable to endocrine disruption.

    “Because AVP/OT and the dopaminergic pathways they feed into are heavily influenced by sex steroids across the lifespan (50–59), it is highly plausible that their sexually dimorphic ontogeny and function may be particularly vulnerable to endocrine disruption.”
  • Work from Bruce Cushing's laboratory suggests that the BNST and medial amygdala are particularly important for the developmental effects of oxytocin and estrogen receptor alpha on social behavior.

    “Work from Bruce Cushing’s laboratory suggests that the BNST and MeA are particularly important for the developmental effects of Oxt and ERα on social behavior (24, 26, 94)”

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Authors
CUSHING, B., & KRAMER, K.
Affiliations
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
CUSHING, B
Venue
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005
Volume
29
Issue
7
Pages
1089-1105
ISSN
0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2048444812
Cited by
209
References
202
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 13
FWCI
14.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH 01992, K01MH001992)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 41293, P01HD038490, HD38490, F32HD041293)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Keywords
early social experience, epigenetic mechanisms, neuropeptides, oxytocin, vasopressin, estrogen, steroid hormones, social behavior development, receptor sensitivity, parental behavior, aggression, sociosexual behavior, stress response, affiliation
MeSH terms
Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Female, Humans, Limbic System, Male, Neurosecretory Systems, Oxytocin, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Vasotocin, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Epigenesis, Genetic

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