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Play fighting and the development of the social brain: The rat’s tale
Abstract
The benefits gained by young animals engaging in play fighting have been a subject of conjecture for over a hundred years. Progress in understanding the behavioral development of play fighting and the underlying neurobiology of laboratory rats has produced a coherent model that sheds light on this matter. Depriving rats of typical peer-peer play experience during the juvenile period leads to adults with socio-cognitive deficiencies and these are correlated with physiological and anatomical changes to the neurons of the prefrontal cortex, especially the medial prefrontal cortex. Detailed analysis of juvenile peer play has shown that using the abilities needed to ensure that play fighting is reciprocal is critical for attaining these benefits. Therefore, unlike that which was posited by many earlier hypotheses, play fighting does not train specific motor actions, but rather, improves a skill set that can be applied in many different social and non-social contexts. There are still gaps in the rat model that need to be understood, but the model is well-enough developed to provide a framework for broader comparative studies of mammals from diverse lineages that engage in play fighting.
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“Indeed, depriving rats of social play behaviour during development results in impairments in the social, emotional and cognitive domains (Vanderschuren and Trezza 2014; Pellis et al. 2023).”
From Neurexin1α knockout in rats causes aberrant social behaviour: relevance for autism and schizophrenia (2025) · cites this paper as Pellis et al. 2023
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Self-citationPlay, variation in play and the development of socially competent rats
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Self-citationSharing playful mood: rapid facial mimicry in Suricata suricatta
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Do juvenile rats use specific ultrasonic calls to coordinate their social play?
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Self-citationAvoiding escalation from play to aggression in adult male rats: The role of ultrasonic calls
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Self-citationPlay behavior and responses to novel situations in juvenile ground squirrels
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Behavioral Variability in the Service of Constancy
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Enhanced defense in adult rats deprived of playfighting experience as juveniles
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Juvenile rough-and-tumble play predicts adult sexual behaviour in American mink
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Exploration and Play in the Behavioural Development of the Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen
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Play and the Development of Social Engagement: A Comparative Perspective
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The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in regulating interanimal coordination of movements.
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Self-citationDevelopmental origins of sex differences in the neural circuitry of play
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The Development of Strain Typical Defensive Patterns in the Play Fighting of Laboratory Rats
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Self-citationA systematic review of sex differences in rough and tumble play across non-human mammals
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Self-citationRough-and-tumble play and the regulation of aggression in preschoolers
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A naturalistic method to test depression: Anticipation of play
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What do you hear what do you say? Ultrasonic calls as signals during play fighting in rats
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Self-citationPlay fighting social networks do not predict injuries from later aggression
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Sexual and aggressive play fighting of sibling Richardson’s ground squirrels
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Building executive function in pre-school children through play: a curriculum
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Self-citationPinning in the Play Fighting of Rats: A Comparative Perspective With Methodological Recommendations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pellis, S. M., Pellis, V. C., Ham, J. R., & Stark, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Lethbridge (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Pellis, Sergio M.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-02
- Volume
- 145
- Pages
- 105037
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4313561537
- Semantic Scholar
- 535b631680e0a26eb89259858bbefea2d79dfe67
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 219
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 16
- FWCI
- 22.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (2018-03706)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- play fighting, social brain, social cognition, social deprivation, medial prefrontal cortex, reciprocal behavior, social behavior development, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Mammals, Neurons, Play and Playthings, Social Behavior, Prefrontal Cortex, Rats
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