Cited by 2,238Regulation of Appetite and ObesityNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorEating Disorders and Behaviors

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Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies

Flint, A, Raben, A, Blundell, JE, Astrup, A·2000·International Journal of Obesity

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Abstract

Objective To examine reproducibility and validity of visual analogue scales (VAS) for measurement of appetite sensations, with and without a diet standardization prior to the test days.Design On two different test days the subjects recorded their appetite sensations before breakfast and every 30 min during the 4.5 h postprandial period under exactly the same conditions.Subjects 55 healthy men (age 25.6+/-0.6 y, BMI 22.6+/-0.3 kg¿m2).Measurements VAS were used to record hunger, satiety, fullness, prospective food consumption, desire to eat something fatty, salty, sweet or savoury, and palatability of the meals. Subsequently an ad libitum lunch was served and energy intake was recorded. Reproducibility was assessed by the coefficient of repeatability (CR) of fasting, mean 4.5 h and peak/nadir values.Results CRs (range 20-61 mm) were larger for fasting and peak/nadir values compared with mean 4.5 h values. No parameter seemed to be improved by diet standardization. Using a paired design and a study power of 0.8, a difference of 10 mm on fasting and 5 mm on mean 4.5 h ratings can be detected with 18 subjects. When using desires to eat specific types of food or an unpaired design, more subjects are needed due to considerable variation. The best correlations of validity were found between 4.5 h mean VAS of the appetite parameters and subsequent energy intake (r=+/-0.50-0.53, P<0.001).Conclusion VAS scores are reliable for appetite research and do not seem to be influenced by prior diet standardization. However, consideration should be given to the specific parameters being measured, their sensitivity and study power. International Journal of Obesity (2000)24, 38-48

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Self-citation
Greater hunger and less restraint predict weight loss success with phentermine treatment
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“They also were asked to rate the palatability of the meal using the question “how palatable was your meal?” and anchored by “not at all” on the left and “very” on the right (24).”
Method
The Effect of Casein Protein Prior to Sleep on Fat Metabolism in Obese Men
Kinsey, A., Cappadona, S., Panton, L., Allman, B., Contreras, R., Hickner, R., & Ormsbee, M. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8080452 · Cited by 28
Breakfast Macronutrient Composition Influences Thermic Effect of Feeding and Fat Oxidation in Young Women Who Habitually Skip Breakfast
Neumann, B., Dunn, A., Johnson, D., Adams, J., & Baum, J. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8080490 · Cited by 27

Authors: Flint, A., Raben, A., Blundell, J., & Astrup, A.
Corresponding author: Flint, A
ORCID: Flint, A
Raben, A
Astrup, A
Venue: International Journal of Obesity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2000-01
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Pages: 38-48
ISSN: 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
1476-5497
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801083
OpenAlex: W2053575156
Cited by: 2,238
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 102 · 2025: 131 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 120 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 133 · 2018: 142 · 2017: 125 · 2016: 111 · 2015: 115 · 2014: 113 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 102
FWCI: 4.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
Funders: Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Keywords: visual analogue scale, hunger, satiety, prospective food consumption, palatability, reproducibility, repeatability coefficient, study power, energy intake, postprandial appetite
MeSH terms: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Appetite, Humans, Hunger, Male, Pain Measurement, Surveys and Questionnaires, Satiation, Taste, Reproducibility of Results, Postprandial Period

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Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies

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