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Emotion elicitation using films
Abstract
Researchers interested in emotion have long struggled with the problem of how to elicit emotional responses in the laboratory. In this article, we summarise five years of work to develop a set of films that reliably elicit each of eight emotional states (amusement, anger, contentment, disgust, fear, neutral, sadness, and surprise). After evaluating over 250 films, we showed selected film clips to an ethnically diverse sample of 494 English-speaking subjects. We then chose the two best films for each of the eight target emotions based on the intensity and discreteness of subjects' responses to each film. We found that our set of 16 films successfully elicited amusement, anger, contentment. disgust, sadness, surprise, a relatively neutral state, and, to a lesser extent, fear. We compare this set of films with another set recently described by Philippot (1993), and indicate that detailed instructions for creating our set of film stimuli will be provided on request.
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“On the other hand, films usually have a high degree of ecological validity25.”
From A Multimodal Dataset for Mixed Emotion Recognition (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
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Ellard, K. K., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2012) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-011-9271-4 · Cited by 66
Seidl, E., Padberg, F., Bauriedl-Schmidt, C., Albert, A., Daltrozzo, T., Hall, J., Renneberg, B., Seidl, O., & Jobst, A. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.021 · Cited by 63
Physiological and cognitive effects of expressive dissonance
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Autonomic response in the perception of disgust and happiness in depersonalization disorder
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The eyes have it: The role of attention in cognitive reappraisal of social stimuli
Manera, V., Samson, A. C., Pehrs, C., Lee, I. A., & Gross, J. J. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0037350 · Cited by 55
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Venue
- Cognition & Emotion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1995-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 87-108
- ISSN
- 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0600
- OpenAlex
- W2168031754
- Cited by
- 2,179
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 128 · 2019: 128 · 2018: 111 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 117 · 2014: 131 · 2013: 130 · 2012: 98
- FWCI
- 12.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Keywords
- emotion induction, basic emotions, emotional state, amusements, anger, contentment, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, stimulus selection
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