The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Deciding Advantageously Before Knowing the Advantageous Strategy
Abstract
Deciding advantageously in a complex situation is thought to require overt reasoning on declarative knowledge, namely, on facts pertaining to premises, options for action, and outcomes of actions that embody the pertinent previous experience. An alternative possibility was investigated: that overt reasoning is preceded by a nonconscious biasing step that uses neural systems other than those that support declarative knowledge. Normal participants and patients with prefrontal damage and decision-making defects performed a gambling task in which behavioral, psychophysiological, and self-account measures were obtained in parallel. Normals began to choose advantageously before they realized which strategy worked best, whereas prefrontal patients continued to choose disadvantageously even after they knew the correct strategy. Moreover, normals began to generate anticipatory skin conductance responses (SCRs) whenever they pondered a choice that turned out to be risky, before they knew explicitly that it was a risky choice, whereas patients never developed anticipatory SCRs, although some eventually realized which choices were risky. The results suggest that, in normal individuals, nonconscious biases guide behavior before conscious knowledge does. Without the help of such biases, overt knowledge may be insufficient to ensure advantageous behavior.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In previous papers, Damasio and his colleagues (e.g., Bechara et al., 1997) described the somatic marker hypothesis, which suggested that bodily states outside of conscious awareness could influence behavior.”
From More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science (2018) · cites this paper as Bechara et al., 1997
In the citing paper
“They found that as participants turned over cards from the various decks, changes in skin conductance (activity in the eccrine gland, indicating sympathetic activation innervated by acetylcholine) co-occurred with choices from the riskier decks.”
From More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science (2018) · cites this paper as Bechara et al., 1997
In the citing paper
“Importantly, these bodily changes preceded conscious reporting of which decks were risky by approximately 40 trials.”
From More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science (2018) · cites this paper as Bechara et al., 1997
In the citing paper
“The VMPFC has long been implicated in reward-related decision-making (Bechara et al., 1997, 2005; Glascher et al., 2012)”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Bechara et al., 1997
In the citing paper
“More specifically, it has been proposed that in humans the MPFC may play a role in the integration of emotional and cognitive processes by incorporating emotional biasing signals or markers into decisionmaking processes (43).”
From A default mode of brain function (2001) · cites this paper as [43]
Citations
Cites
(1994) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 10,542
DESCARTES' ERROR: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
Marg, E. (1995) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1002/j.1538-9235.1995.tb03988.x · Cited by 8,178
Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex
Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3 · Cited by 6,128
Self-citationDissociation in prefrontal cortex of affective and attentional shifts
Dias, R., Robbins, T. W., & Roberts, A. C. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/380069a0 · Cited by 1,527
Bechara, A., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (1996) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/6.2.215 · Cited by 1,179
Self-citationDiamond, A. D. (1990) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48900.x · Cited by 388
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- We envision these biases to act as markers or qualifiers in the manner suggested by A. Damasio [in (5) chap. 8] and by A. R. Damasio D. Tranel and H. Damasio [in Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction H. S. Levin H. M. Eisenberg A. L. Benton Eds. (Oxford Univ. Press New York 1991) pp. 217]. See also P. R. Montague P. Dayan C. Person T. J. Sejnowski Nature 377 725 (1995); This action might occur both at the cortical level and in subcortical structures such as basal ganglia.
- The Nervous System F. Plum Ed. (American Physiological Society Bethesda MD 1987) vol. 5 pp. 373-401] and selective attention [M. I. Posner and S. Dehaene Trends Neurosci. 17 75 (1994). In other words we propose an addition to mechanisms already recognized as necessary for proper reasoning rather than an alternative to those mechanisms.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 231
Précis of The brain and emotion
Rolls, E. T. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00002429 · Cited by 397
Garfinkel, S. N., & Critchley, H. D. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss140 · Cited by 386
Cue-Induced Brain Activity in Pathological Gamblers
Crockford, D. N., Goodyear, B., Edwards, J., Quickfall, J., & el-Guebaly, N. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.037 · Cited by 375
Seifritz, E., Esposito, F., Neuhoff, J. G., Lüthi, A., Mustovic, H., Dammann, G., von Bardeleben, U., Radue, E. W., Cirillo, S., Tedeschi, G., et al. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00697-8 · Cited by 373
Emotion regulation and decision making under risk and uncertainty
Heilman, R. M., Crişan, L. G., Houser, D., Miclea, M., & Miu, A. C. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0018489 · Cited by 369
Autobiographical and episodic memory—one and the same?
Gilboa, A. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.02.014 · Cited by 367
Psychoactive drug use in evolutionary perspective
Nesse, R. M., & Berridge, K. C. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5335.63 · Cited by 355
Dolcos, F., Iordan, A. D., & Dolcos, S. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2011.594433 · Cited by 355
Horberg, E. J., Oveis, C., & Keltner, D. (2011) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073911402384 · Cited by 339
Monterosso, J. R., Ainslie, G., Xu, J., Cordova, X., Domier, C. P., & London, E. D. (2007) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20281 · Cited by 335
Toplak, M. E., Sorge, G. B., Benoit, A., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.002 · Cited by 326
On the origin of interoception
Ceunen, E., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Van Diest, I. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00743 · Cited by 329
Reward learning: reinforcement, incentives, and expectations
Berridge, K. C. (2000) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(00)80022-5 · Cited by 318
Decision-making cognition in mania and depression
MURPHY, F. C., RUBINSZTEIN, J. S., MICHAEL, A., ROGERS, R. D., ROBBINS, T. W., PAYKEL, E. S., & SAHAKIAN, B. J. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701003804 · Cited by 316
On the relationship between interoceptive awareness, emotional experience, and brain processes
Pollatos, O., Kirsch, W., & Schandry, R. (2005) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.019 · Cited by 316
Neuroanatomical basis for first- and second-order representations of bodily states
Critchley, H. D., Mathias, C. J., & Dolan, R. J. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/84048 · Cited by 312
Identifying emotions on the basis of neural activation
Kassam, K. S., Markey, A. R., Cherkassky, V. L., Loewenstein, G., & Just, M. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066032 · Cited by 306
Toplak, M. E., Jain, U., & Tannock, R. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-1-8 · Cited by 303
Affect, emotion, and decision making
George, J. M., & Dane, E. (2016) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.06.004 · Cited by 300
Lawrence, N. S., Wooderson, S., Mataix-Cols, D., David, R., Speckens, A., & Phillips, M. L. (2006) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.4.409 · Cited by 291
Chiba, T., Kayahara, T., & Nakano, K. (2001) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03013-4 · Cited by 290
McKlveen, J. M., Myers, B., & Herman, J. P. (2015) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12272 · Cited by 273
Neural substrates of the self‐memory system: New insights from a meta‐analysis
Martinelli, P., Sperduti, M., & Piolino, P. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22008 · Cited by 281
Implicit cognition and substance use: a meta-analysis
Rooke, S. E., Hine, D. W., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2008) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.06.009 · Cited by 278
The neural code of reward anticipation in human orbitofrontal cortex
Kahnt, T., Heinzle, J., Park, S. Q., & Haynes, J.-D. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0912838107 · Cited by 274
Artificial intelligence in surgery
Varghese, C., Harrison, E. M., O’Grady, G., & Topol, E. J. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-02970-3 · Cited by 287
Christakou, A., Brammer, M., & Rubia, K. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.067 · Cited by 266
Social psychophysiology and embodiment
Blascovich, J., & Mendes, W. B. (2010) · Handbook of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001006 · Cited by 274
Basal Ganglia Circuits for Reward Value–Guided Behavior
Hikosaka, O., Kim, H. F., Yasuda, M., & Yamamoto, S. (2014) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-013924 · Cited by 259
Interoceptive sensitivity and emotion processing: An EEG study
Herbert, B. M., Pollatos, O., & Schandry, R. (2007) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.04.007 · Cited by 258
Rest Is Not Idleness: Implications of the Brain’s Default Mode for Human Development and Education
Immordino-Yang, M. H., Christodoulou, J. A., & Singh, V. (2012) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612447308 · Cited by 245
The serotonergic system in mood disorders and suicidal behaviour
Mann, J. J. (2013) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0537 · Cited by 235
Gender Differences in Human Brain: A Review
Zaidi, Z. F. (2010) · The Open Anatomy Journal · doi:10.2174/1877609401002010037 · Cited by 229
Does the orbitofrontal cortex signal value?
Schoenbaum, G., Takahashi, Y., Liu, T., & McDannald, M. A. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06210.x · Cited by 232
Building a neuroscience of pleasure and well-being
Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2011) · Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1186/2211-1522-1-3 · Cited by 229
Neurophysiological correlates of emotion regulation in children and adolescents
Lewis, M. D., Lamm, C., Segalowitz, S. J., Stieben, J., & Zelazo, P. D. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.3.430 · Cited by 283
Interaction between cognition, emotion, and the autonomic nervous system
(2013) · Handbook of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53491-0.00006-7 · Cited by 230
Lane, R. D. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181647e44 · Cited by 223
The effects of 53 hours of sleep deprivation on moral judgment
Killgore, W. D. S., Killgore, D. B., Day, L. M., Li, C., Kamimori, G. H., & Balkin, T. J. (2007) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.3.345 · Cited by 225
Amanzio, M., Benedetti, F., Porro, C. A., Palermo, S., & Cauda, F. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21471 · Cited by 202
The study of animal metacognition
Smith, J. D. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.009 · Cited by 203
Awareness of subtle emotional feelings: a comparison of long-term meditators and nonmeditators
Nielsen, L., & Kaszniak, A. W. (2006) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.392 · Cited by 202
Woody, E. Z., & Szechtman, H. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.003 · Cited by 195
Investigation of cool and hot executive function in ODD/CD independently of ADHD
Hobson, C. W., Scott, S., & Rubia, K. (2011) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02454.x · Cited by 190
The emotional modulation of cognitive processing: an fMRI study
Simpson, J. R., Öngür, D., Akbudak, E., Conturo, T. E., Ollinger, J. M., Snyder, A. Z., Gusnard, D. A., & Raichle, M. E. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900564019 · Cited by 190
Enhanced cardiac perception is associated with benefits in decision‐making
Werner, N. S., Jung, K., Duschek, S., & Schandry, R. (2009) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00855.x · Cited by 189
Raine, A., Venables, P. H., Dalais, C., Mellingen, K., Reynolds, C., & Mednick, S. A. (2001) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3820254 · Cited by 195
Feldstein Ewing, S. W., Sakhardande, A., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2014) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2014.06.011 · Cited by 185
A Psychophysiological Investigation of Moral Judgment after Ventromedial Prefrontal Damage
Moretto, G., Làdavas, E., Mattioli, F., & di Pellegrino, G. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21367 · Cited by 182
Perry, J. L., Joseph, J. E., Jiang, Y., Zimmerman, R. S., Kelly, T. H., Darna, M., Huettl, P., Dwoskin, L. P., & Bardo, M. T. (2011) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.09.001 · Cited by 180
Functional Connectivity Bias of the Orbitofrontal Cortex in Drug-Free Patients with Major Depression
Frodl, T., Bokde, A. L. W., Scheuerecker, J., Lisiecka, D., Schoepf, V., Hampel, H., Möller, H.-J., Brückmann, H., Wiesmann, M., & Meisenzahl, E. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.022 · Cited by 174
Van Leijenhorst, L., Westenberg, P. M., & Crone, E. A. (2008) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565640701884287 · Cited by 176
Trajectory of risky decision making for potential gains and losses from ages 5 to 85
Weller, J. A., Levin, I. P., & Denburg, N. L. (2011) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.690 · Cited by 174
Impairment of Social Perception Associated With Lesions of the Prefrontal Cortex
Mah, L., Arnold, M. C., & Grafman, J. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.7.1247 · Cited by 172
Fellows, L. K. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06229.x · Cited by 169
Herbert, B. M., Ulbrich, P., & Schandry, R. (2007) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00493.x · Cited by 163
Schiebener, J., & Brand, M. (2015) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-015-9285-x · Cited by 168
The future is here: A review of foresight systems in anxiety and depression
Miloyan, B., Pachana, N. A., & Suddendorf, T. (2014) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.863179 · Cited by 160
Self-Representation in Nervous Systems.
Churchland, P. S. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1070564 · Cited by 160
Kovács, I., Richman, M. J., Janka, Z., Maraz, A., & Andó, B. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.023 · Cited by 151
Neural correlates of developmental differences in risk estimation and feedback processing
van Leijenhorst, L., Crone, E. A., & Bunge, S. A. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.02.002 · Cited by 146
Obsessive–Compulsive Behaviour: A Disorder of Decision-Making
Sachdev, P. S., & Malhi, G. S. (2005) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01680.x · Cited by 141
Cognition, emotion, and the central autonomic network
Quadt, L., Critchley, H., & Nagai, Y. (2022) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102948 · Cited by 139
Activation of human medial prefrontal cortex during autonomic responses to hypoglycemia
Teves, D., Videen, T. O., Cryer, P. E., & Powers, W. J. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0307048101 · Cited by 138
Animal models of bipolar mania: The past, present and future
Logan, R. W., & McClung, C. A. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.041 · Cited by 136
The neural underpinnings of cognitive flexibility and their disruption in psychotic illness
Waltz, J. A. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.005 · Cited by 122
“The Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara et al., 1994, Bechara et al., 1997) is a reinforcement learning paradigm that was designed to focus on punishment sensitivity, with early studies showing dramatic impairment in individuals with frontal lobe (Bechara et al., 1994) or amygdala (Bechara et al., 1999)…”
BackgroundGaron, N., Moore, C., & Waschbusch, D. A. (2006) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054705284501 · Cited by 127
The effects of tyrosine depletion in normal healthy volunteers: implications for unipolar depression
McLean, A., Rubinsztein, J. S., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1586-8 · Cited by 125
Gao, J., & Lee, J. D. (2006) · IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans · doi:10.1109/tsmca.2005.855783 · Cited by 124
A relationship between oxytocin and anxiety of romantic attachment
Marazziti (2006) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1745-0179-2-28 · Cited by 124
Interoceptive Ability Predicts Survival on a London Trading Floor
Kandasamy, N., Garfinkel, S. N., Page, L., Hardy, B., Critchley, H. D., Gurnell, M., & Coates, J. M. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep32986 · Cited by 121
JOHNSON, S. A., YECHIAM, E., MURPHY, R. R., QUELLER, S., & STOUT, J. C. (2006) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617706060802 · Cited by 112
Gambling when sleep deprived: don't bet on stimulants
Killgore, W. D. S., Grugle, N. L., & Balkin, T. J. (2012) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2011.635230 · Cited by 103
Psychiatric diagnoses and personality traits associated with disadvantageous decision-making
Jollant, F., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., Bellivier, F., Leboyer, M., Castelnau, D., Malafosse, A., & Courtet, P. (2007) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.06.001 · Cited by 106
The reasoning skills and thinking dispositions of problem gamblers: a dual‐process taxonomy
Toplak, M. E., Liu, E., Macpherson, R., Toneatto, T., & Stanovich, K. E. (2007) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.544 · Cited by 103
Episodic foresight and anxiety: proximate and ultimate perspectives
Miloyan, B., Bulley, A., & Suddendorf, T. (2016) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12080 · Cited by 92
Developmental changes and individual differences in risk and perspective taking in adolescence
Crone, E. A., Bullens, L., van der Plas, E. A. A., Kijkuit, E. J., & Zelazo, P. D. (2008) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579408000588 · Cited by 97
Johnson, S. L., Elliott, M. V., & Carver, C. S. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.018 · Cited by 90
Consciousness and metarepresentation: A computational sketch
Cleeremans, A., Timmermans, B., & Pasquali, A. (2007) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2007.09.011 · Cited by 91
Uncertainty Forecasts Improve Decision Making Among Nonexperts
Nadav-Greenberg, L., & Joslyn, S. L. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making · doi:10.1518/155534309x474460 · Cited by 87
Neural correlates of risk prediction error during reinforcement learning in humans
d'Acremont, M., Lu, Z.-L., Li, X., Van der Linden, M., & Bechara, A. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.096 · Cited by 94
Self-citationNeural correlates of a 'pessimistic' attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence
Herwig, U., Kaffenberger, T., Baumgartner, T., & Jäncke, L. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.035 · Cited by 90
Interactions between visceral afferent signaling and stimulus processing
Critchley, H. D., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00286 · Cited by 89
KILLGORE, W. D. S., KAMIMORI, G. H., & BALKIN, T. J. (2011) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00893.x · Cited by 90
Behavior and Treatment in Frontotemporal Dementia
Perry, R. J., & Miller, B. L. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.suppl_4.s46 · Cited by 90
Lambek, R., Tannock, R., Dalsgaard, S., Trillingsgaard, A., Damm, D., & Thomsen, P. H. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02248.x · Cited by 88
Wise reasoning benefits from emodiversity, irrespective of emotional intensity.
Grossmann, I., Oakes, H., & Santos, H. C. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000543 · Cited by 85
Excessive social media users demonstrate impaired decision making in the Iowa Gambling Task
Meshi, D., Elizarova, A., Bender, A., & Verdejo-Garcia, A. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.138 · Cited by 88
Toward a taxonomy of attention shifting: Individual differences in fMRI during multiple shift types
WAGER, T. D., JONIDES, J., SMITH, E. E., & NICHOLS, T. E. (2005) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.5.2.127 · Cited by 86
Hauser, M. D. (2006) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsl026 · Cited by 87
Decision making in adults with ADHD
Mäntylä, T., Still, J., Gullberg, S., & Del Missier, F. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054709360494 · Cited by 84
Interoceptive awareness moderates neural activity during decision-making
Werner, N. S., Schweitzer, N., Meindl, T., Duschek, S., Kambeitz, J., & Schandry, R. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.09.002 · Cited by 80
Interoceptive ability predicts aversion to losses
Sokol-Hessner, P., Hartley, C. A., Hamilton, J. R., & Phelps, E. A. (2015) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.925426 · Cited by 72
Burke, K. A., Takahashi, Y. K., Correll, J., Leon Brown, P., & Schoenbaum, G. (2009) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06992.x · Cited by 76
Feelings of vulnerability in response to threatening messages: Effects of self-affirmation
Klein, W. M. P., Harris, P. R., Ferrer, R. A., & Zajac, L. E. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.05.005 · Cited by 74
Gaznick, N., Tranel, D., McNutt, A., & Bechara, A. (2014) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt172 · Cited by 72
Self-citationAkitsuki, Y., Sugiura, M., Watanabe, J., Yamashita, K., Sassa, Y., Awata, S., Matsuoka, H., Maeda, Y., Matsue, Y., Fukuda, H., et al. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00250-7 · Cited by 70
A neuropsychological approach to understanding risk-taking for potential gains and losses
Levin, I. P., Xue, G., Weller, J. A., Reimann, M., Lauriola, M., & Bechara, A. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00015 · Cited by 73
Self-citationBrain functional connectivity in stimulant drug dependence and obsessive–compulsive disorder
Meunier, D., Ersche, K. D., Craig, K. J., Fornito, A., Merlo-Pich, E., Fineberg, N. A., Shabbir, S. S., Robbins, T. W., & Bullmore, E. T. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.003 · Cited by 72
Mendes, W. B. (2010) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073910364149 · Cited by 70
Metadata
- Authors
- Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- H. Damasio and A. R. Damasio, Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, and The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92186, USA.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1997-02-28
- Volume
- 275
- Issue
- 5304
- Pages
- 1293-1295
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2006633893
- Cited by
- 3,547
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 139 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 179 · 2019: 134 · 2018: 123 · 2017: 120 · 2016: 157 · 2015: 156 · 2014: 158 · 2013: 182 · 2012: 181
- FWCI
- 29.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01 NS19632, P01NS019632)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Keywords
- decision-making, risk perception, implicit learning, declarative knowledge, gambling task, conscious knowledge, psychophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Brain Damage, Chronic, Decision Making, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Gambling, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Unconscious, Psychology, Prefrontal Cortex, Intuition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
