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Abstract reward and punishment representations in the human orbitofrontal cortex
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in emotion and emotion-related learning. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured brain activation in human subjects doing an emotion-related visual reversal-learning task in which choice of the correct stimulus led to a probabilistically determined 'monetary' reward and choice of the incorrect stimulus led to a monetary loss. Distinct areas of the OFC were activated by monetary rewards and punishments. Moreover, in these areas, we found a correlation between the magnitude of the brain activation and the magnitude of the rewards and punishments received. These findings indicate that one emotional involvement of the human orbitofrontal cortex is its representation of the magnitudes of abstract rewards and punishments, such as receiving or losing money.
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“Altered cortical midline activation, particularly in the vmPFC, has been associated with judgements of selfrelevance (Phan et al., 2004), as well as appreciation of emotional valence, ranging from simple sensory to more complex and abstract events (O' Doherty et al., 2001;Anderson et al., 2003;Cunningham et al., 2004).”
From Attending to the present: mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference (2007) · cites this paper as O' Doherty et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“The OFC, a highly evolved brain region, is associated with increasing positive mood and altering the contextualization of arising sensory events.35,85,88,94”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [85]
In the citing paper
“the human lateral OFC is activated when a reward is not obtained in a visual discrimination reversal task (Kringelbach and Rolls, 2003) (Fig. 4A), and when money is not received in a monetary reward task (O’Doherty et al., 2001; Xie et al., 2020), and in a one-trial rule-based reward reversal task (Rolls et al., 2020b).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as O’Doherty et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“Given that the activations of the lateral and medial OFC often appear to be reciprocally related (O’Doherty et al., 2001; Rolls et al., 2003a; Xie et al., 2020), the other part of the theory is that in depression there may be underactivity, under-sensitivity or under-connectivity of the (reward-related) medial OFC in depression (Rolls, 2016a, 2018a).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as O’Doherty et al., 2001
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Metadata
- Authors
- O'Doherty, J., Kringelbach, M. L., Rolls, E. T., Hornak, J., & Andrews, C.
- Affiliations
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rolls, E. T.
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 95-102
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W1499836032
- Cited by
- 2,003
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 90 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 92 · 2012: 99
- Type
- conference abstract
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- orbitofrontal cortex, reward representation, monetary rewards, financial losses, reversal learning, emotions, emotional learning, reward magnitude, brain activation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Female, Frontal Lobe, Gambling, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Punishment, Reversal Learning, Reward
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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