In vivo NIR-II fluorescence imaging for biology and medicine
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NIR-II fluorophores have deep-tissue penetration, reduced tissue autofluorescence, and low phototoxicity.
“Near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorophores possess transformative potential for biomedical applications, owing to their deep-tissue penetration, reduced tissue autofluorescence, and low phototoxicity.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [39]
The reduced absorption and scattering of NIR-II light suppresses background noise, minimizes tissue autofluorescence, and results in negligible phototoxicity.
“This fundamental property suppresses background noise, minimizes tissue autofluorescence, and results in negligible phototoxicity39,40.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [39]
The NIR-II window can be divided into NIR-IIa (1300-1400 nm) and NIR-IIb (1500-1700 nm), with NIR-IIb typically offering more advantageous imaging performance.
“Notably, the NIR-II window can be further divided into the NIR-IIa (1300–1400 nm), NIR-IIb (1500–1700 nm) sub-windows, with the latter typically offering even more advantageous imaging performance39.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Wang, F., Zhong, Y., Bruns, O., Liang, Y., & Dai, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Dai, Hongjie
- Venue
- Nature Photonics
- Published
- 2024-03-04
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 535-547
- ISSN
- 1749-4885 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-4893
- OpenAlex
- W4392376294
- Cited by
- 564
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 227 · 2025: 267 · 2024: 70
- FWCI
- 143.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2024-05-28)
- Open access
- green
- hub.hku.hk
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Photonics (publishedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Center for Scientific Review (DP1-NS-105737)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Keywords
- NIR-II fluorescence imaging, fluorophore design, fluorescent probes, molecular imaging, single-cell imaging, wide-field imaging, fluorescence microscopy, small animal imaging, clinical translation, tissue autofluorescence, light scattering
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