The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Cognitive Neurosciences
Abstract
Ed Michael S Gazzaniga MIT Press, pounds sterling64.95, pp 1447 ISBN 0 262 07157 6 The performance artist Laurie Anderson referred to her father's death as being “like a library burning to the ground.” If the higher functions of human beings make up such a collection of texts then we are perhaps approaching some knowledge of their titles. More especially we are cognisant of the complexity that we face: an evolved network of interrelated systems capable of dynamic change; the coding of experience—memory; prefrontal systems which release us from the constraints of the immediate present, allowing us to reflect upon time future, past, and hypothetical; maps of cerebral activity which alter and adjust to the …
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734 · Cited by 15,798
Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b
Polich, J. (2007) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.019 · Cited by 7,919
The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment.
Haidt, J. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.4.814 · Cited by 8,048
Six views of embodied cognition
Wilson, M. (2002) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196322 · Cited by 4,782
Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition.
Nisbett, R. E., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan, A. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.2.291 · Cited by 4,263
Executive functions and developmental psychopathology.
Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x · Cited by 3,150
Rizzolatti, G., & Arbib, M. A. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01260-0 · Cited by 2,858
Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review
Langlois, J. H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.390 · Cited by 2,429
Reading Ability: Lexical Quality to Comprehension
Perfetti, C. (2007) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1080/10888430701530730 · Cited by 2,095
Load Theory of Selective Attention and Cognitive Control
Lavie, N., Hirst, A., de Fockert, J. W., & Viding, E. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.3.339 · Cited by 1,812
Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.132.1.47 · Cited by 1,725
Kane, M. J., Hambrick, D. Z., Tuholski, S. W., Wilhelm, O., Payne, T. W., & Engle, R. W. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.189 · Cited by 1,679
Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma
Gilbertson, M. W., Shenton, M. E., Ciszewski, A., Kasai, K., Lasko, N. B., Orr, S. P., & Pitman, R. K. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn958 · Cited by 1,635
Rethinking the Emotional Brain
LeDoux, J. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.004 · Cited by 1,594
Parietal lobe contributions to episodic memory retrieval
Wagner, A. D., Shannon, B. J., Kahn, I., & Buckner, R. L. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.001 · Cited by 1,571
Lupien, S. J., Maheu, F., Tu, M., Fiocco, A., & Schramek, T. E. (2007) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2007.02.007 · Cited by 1,474
Embodiment in attitudes, social perception, and emotion
Niedenthal, P. M., Barsalou, L. W., Winkielman, P., Krauth-Gruber, S., & Ric, F. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0903_1 · Cited by 1,484
Right hemispheric dominance of inhibitory control: An event-related functional MRI study
Garavan, H., Ross, T. J., & Stein, E. A. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.14.8301 · Cited by 1,394
A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating “unseen” fear
Morris, J. S., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1680 · Cited by 1,349
Life Span Theory in Developmental Psychology
Baltes, P. B., Lindenberger, U., & Staudinger, U. M. (2007) · Handbook of Child Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0111 · Cited by 1,240
Neural reuse: A fundamental organizational principle of the brain
Anderson, M. L. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x10000853 · Cited by 1,212
Umiltà, M. A., Kohler, E., Gallese, V., Fogassi, L., Fadiga, L., Keysers, C., & Rizzolatti, G. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00337-3 · Cited by 1,192
Effect of subjective perspective taking during simulation of action: a PET investigation of agency
Ruby, P., & Decety, J. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/87510 · Cited by 1,182
Rauch, S. L., Whalen, P. J., Shin, L. M., McInerney, S. C., Macklin, M. L., Lasko, N. B., Orr, S. P., & Pitman, R. K. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00828-3 · Cited by 1,111
DeYoung, C. G. (2015) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.004 · Cited by 1,057
Habits in everyday life: Thought, emotion, and action.
Wood, W., Quinn, J. M., & Kashy, D. A. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1281 · Cited by 1,028
The anatomical basis of functional localization in the cortex
Passingham, R. E., Stephan, K. E., & Kötter, R. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn893 · Cited by 1,024
The primate cortico-cerebellar system: anatomy and function
Ramnani, N. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1953 · Cited by 1,011
Cognitive control, hierarchy, and the rostro–caudal organization of the frontal lobes
Badre, D. (2008) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.02.004 · Cited by 980
Is the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobe hierarchical?
Badre, D., & D'Esposito, M. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2667 · Cited by 946
Empirical support for higher-order theories of conscious awareness
Lau, H., & Rosenthal, D. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.05.009 · Cited by 869
Eight problems for the mirror neuron theory of action understanding in monkeys and humans
Hickok, G. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21189 · Cited by 887
An adaptive coding model of neural function in prefrontal cortex
Duncan, J. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35097575 · Cited by 874
Parallel neural networks for learning sequential procedures
Hikosaka, O., Nakahara, H., Rand, M. K., Sakai, K., Lu, X., Nakamura, K., Miyachi, S., & Doya, K. (1999) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01439-3 · Cited by 799
SENSE AND THE SINGLE NEURON: Probing the Physiology of Perception
Parker, A. J., & Newsome, W. T. (1998) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.227 · Cited by 801
Integration of emotion and cognition in the lateral prefrontal cortex
Gray, J. R., Braver, T. S., & Raichle, M. E. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.062381899 · Cited by 792
A time to think: circadian rhythms in human cognition
Schmidt, C., Collette, F., Cajochen, C., & Peigneux, P. (2007) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643290701754158 · Cited by 778
Experience-dependent changes in cerebral activation during human REM sleep
Maquet, P., Laureys, S., Peigneux, P., Fuchs, S., Petiau, C., Phillips, C., Aerts, J., Del Fiore, G., Degueldre, C., Meulemans, T., et al. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/77744 · Cited by 747
Hornak, J., Rolls, E. T., & Wade, D. (1996) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(95)00106-9 · Cited by 735
A Functional-Design Approach to Motivation and Self-Regulation
Kuhl, J. (2000) · Handbook of Self-Regulation · doi:10.1016/b978-012109890-2/50034-2 · Cited by 736
The regulation of sleep and arousal: development and psychopathology
Dahl, R. E. (1996) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400006945 · Cited by 707
Behavioral, Neural, and Computational Principles of Bodily Self-Consciousness
Blanke, O., Slater, M., & Serino, A. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.029 · Cited by 698
The cerebellum: adaptive prediction for movement and cognition
Sokolov, A. A., Miall, R. C., & Ivry, R. B. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.02.005 · Cited by 691
The role of the amygdala in human fear: automatic detection of threat
Öhman, A. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.03.019 · Cited by 691
MacDonald, S. W. S., Nyberg, L., & Bäckman, L. (2006) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.06.011 · Cited by 664
The Development of Visual Attention in Infancy
Colombo, J. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.337 · Cited by 673
Chapter 2 Design for a Working Memory
Oberauer, K. (2009) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(09)51002-x · Cited by 636
Imaging brain development: The adolescent brain
Blakemore, S.-J. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.080 · Cited by 649
Effects of adverse experiences for brain structure and function
McEwen, B. S. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00964-1 · Cited by 639
Brain imaging of the central executive component of working memory
Collette, F., & Van der Linden, M. (2002) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(01)00063-x · Cited by 617
Spatial representation in the hippocampal formation: a history
Moser, E. I., Moser, M.-B., & McNaughton, B. L. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4653 · Cited by 560
How we know our own minds: The relationship between mindreading and metacognition
Carruthers, P. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09000545 · Cited by 610
Sources of Flexibility in Human Cognition: Dual-Task Studies of Space and Language
Hermer-Vazquez, L., Spelke, E. S., & Katsnelson, A. S. (1999) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0713 · Cited by 589
Clare, L., & Woods, B. (2003) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003260 · Cited by 576
The mind's best trick: how we experience conscious will
Wegner, D. M. (2003) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00002-0 · Cited by 561
The body in the brain: neural bases of corporeal awareness
Berlucchi, G., & Aglioti, S. (1997) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01136-3 · Cited by 558
Fluid intelligence after frontal lobe lesions
Duncan, J., Burgess, P., & Emslie, H. (1995) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(94)00124-8 · Cited by 537
Cortical Evolution: Judge the Brain by Its Cover
Geschwind, D. H., & Rakic, P. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.045 · Cited by 519
Working memory and the control of action: Evidence from task switching
Baddeley, A., Chincotta, D., & Adlam, A. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.641 · Cited by 494
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1999) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999399379050 · Cited by 458
Bari, A., Dalley, J. W., & Robbins, T. W. (2008) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.41 · Cited by 452
Critchley, H. D., Mathias, C. J., & Dolan, R. J. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00588-3 · Cited by 441
Multisensory spatial interactions: a window onto functional integration in the human brain
Macaluso, E., & Driver, J. (2005) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.03.008 · Cited by 428
Robbins, T. W. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2097 · Cited by 413
An interactive framework for examining prefrontal cognitive processes
Roberts, R. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1996) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565649609540642 · Cited by 392
Prefrontal modulation of visual processing in humans
Barceló, F., Suwazono, S., & Knight, R. T. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/73975 · Cited by 374
Kubota, Y., Sato, W., Toichi, M., Murai, T., Okada, T., Hayashi, A., & Sengoku, A. (2001) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(00)00086-0 · Cited by 369
Towards a functional organization of episodic memory in the medial temporal lobe
Eichenbaum, H., Sauvage, M., Fortin, N., Komorowski, R., & Lipton, P. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.07.006 · Cited by 354
Mogg, K., Millar, N., & Bradley, B. P. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.695 · Cited by 478
Language Acquisition and Use: Learning and Applying Probabilistic Constraints
Seidenberg, M. S. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1599 · Cited by 338
Pellicano, E., Gibson, L., Maybery, M., Durkin, K., & Badcock, D. R. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.10.003 · Cited by 322
Auditory feedback in learning and maintenance of vocal behaviour
Brainard, M. S., & Doupe, A. J. (2000) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35036205 · Cited by 314
Montello, D. R. (2005) · The Cambridge Handbook of Visuospatial Thinking · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511610448.008 · Cited by 305
Peripersonal space in the brain
di Pellegrino, G., & Làdavas, E. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.011 · Cited by 278
Cognitive inhibition in depression
Joormann, J., Yoon, K. L., & Zetsche, U. (2007) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2007.09.002 · Cited by 283
Mental models and counterfactual thoughts about what might have been
Byrne, R. M. J. (2002) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01974-5 · Cited by 282
Do 12. 5-month-old infants consider what objects others can see when interpreting their actions?
Luo, Y., & Baillargeon, R. (2007) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.10.007 · Cited by 263
Psychological reasoning in infancy
Baillargeon, R., Scott, R. M., & Bian, L. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115033 · Cited by 263
Attention affects the recognition of briefly presented visual stimuli in infants: an ERP study
Richards, J. E. (2003) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00287 · Cited by 249
“I know, you know”: epistemic egocentrism in children and adults
Royzman, E. B., Cassidy, K. W., & Baron, J. (2003) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.7.1.38 · Cited by 246
Brain and cognitive evolution: Forms of modularity and functions of mind.
Geary, D. C., & Huffman, K. J. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.667 · Cited by 234
Influence of local objects on hippocampal representations: Landmark vectors and memory
Deshmukh, S. S., & Knierim, J. J. (2013) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22101 · Cited by 217
Development of the Social Brain during Adolescence
Blakemore, S.-J. (2008) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210701508715 · Cited by 184
Gender differences in working memory networks: a BrainMap meta-analysis
Hill, A. C., Laird, A. R., & Robinson, J. L. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.06.008 · Cited by 182
Physical and Cognitive Activity and Exercise for Older Adults: A Review
Hogan, M. (2005) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/ptg9-xdvm-yeta-mkxa · Cited by 156
The Massive Redeployment Hypothesis and the Functional Topography of the Brain
Anderson, M. L. (2007) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515080701197163 · Cited by 141
Brain-mind states: reciprocal variation in thoughts and hallucinations
Fosse, R., Stickgold, R., & Hobson, J. A. (2001) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00306 · Cited by 116
Laminar organization of encoding and memory reactivation in the parietal cortex
Wilber, A. A., Skelin, I., Wu, W., & McNaughton, B. L. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.08.033 · Cited by 95
Dreams in patients with sleep disorders
Schredl, M. (2009) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.06.002 · Cited by 100
The search for autism disease genes
Wassink, T. H., Brzustowicz, L. M., Bartlett, C. W., & Szatmari, P. (2004) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/mrdd.20041 · Cited by 89
MAYES, L. C. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1376.018 · Cited by 79
Biological and bionic hands: natural neural coding and artificial perception
Bensmaia, S. J. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0209 · Cited by 67
Visuospatial and verbal working memory load: effects on visuospatial vigilance
Helton, W. S., & Russell, P. N. (2013) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3322-2 · Cited by 69
The role of the pulvinar in distractor processing and visual search
Strumpf, H., Mangun, G. R., Boehler, C. N., Stoppel, C., Schoenfeld, M. A., Heinze, H., & Hopf, J. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21496 · Cited by 56
What is peripersonal space? An examination of unresolved empirical issues and emerging findings
Hunley, S. B., & Lourenco, S. F. (2018) · WIREs Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1472 · Cited by 59
Theories of spatial representations and reference frames: What can configuration errors tell us?
Wang, R. F. (2012) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0258-2 · Cited by 49
Can We Elicit Involuntary Autobiographical Memories in the Laboratory?
Ball, C. T. (2007) · Involuntary Memory · doi:10.1002/9780470774069.ch7 · Cited by 45
Infant Attention to Dynamic Audiovisual Stimuli: Look Duration From 3 to 9 Months of Age
Reynolds, G. D., Zhang, D., & Guy, M. W. (2013) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00134.x · Cited by 28
Neuroimaging and Neuropathological Studies of Mood Disorders
Drevets, W. C., & Price, J. L. (2005) · Biology of Depression · doi:10.1002/9783527619672.ch17 · Cited by 26
Intentionality in frontal asymmetry research
Hewig, J. (2018) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12852 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Spence, S.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1996-01-20
- Volume
- 312
- Issue
- 7024
- Pages
- 193.1
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W3149547182
- Cited by
- 1,164
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 35.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.