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Theory of the Multiregional Neocortex: Large-Scale Neural Dynamics and Distributed Cognition
Open accessAbstract
The neocortex is a complex neurobiological system with many interacting regions. How these regions work together to subserve flexible behavior and cognition has become increasingly amenable to rigorous research. Here, I review recent experimental and theoretical work on the modus operandi of a multiregional cortex. These studies revealed several general principles for the neocortical interareal connectivity, low-dimensional macroscopic gradients of biological properties across cortical areas, and a hierarchy of timescales for information processing. Theoretical work suggests testable predictions regarding differential excitation and inhibition along feedforward and feedback pathways in the cortical hierarchy. Furthermore, modeling of distributed working memory and simple decision-making has given rise to a novel mathematical concept, dubbed bifurcation in space, that potentially explains how different cortical areas, with a canonical circuit organization but gradients of biological heterogeneities, are able to subserve their respective (e.g., sensory coding versus executive control) functions in a modularly organized brain.
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“The architectures of brains are layered, with each layer responsible for making decisions on different timescales in both sensory and motor systems (Wang, 2022; Nakahira et al., 2021; Li, 2022b).”
From Large Language Models and the Reverse Turing Test (2023) · cites this paper as Wang, 2022
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, X.-J.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Xiao-Jing
- ORCID
- Wang, Xiao-Jing
- Venue
- Annual Review of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2022-07-08
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 533-560
- ISSN
- 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4126
- PMC
- PMC11583996
- OpenAlex
- W4284974723
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (2015276)
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh122024-03)
- Office of Naval Research (N00014)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062349, R01 MH122024)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- cortical hierarchy, excitation and inhibition, decision-making, cortical heterogeneity, sensory coding, executive function, distributed cognition
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Memory, Short-Term, Nerve Net, Neocortex, Executive Function
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