Obesity and the Regulation of Energy Balance

Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue

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Central nervous system control of food intake

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Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans

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Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals

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Obesity as a medical problem

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Weight-Reducing Effects of the Plasma Protein Encoded by the obese Gene

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Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1

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Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents

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A Cold-Inducible Coactivator of Nuclear Receptors Linked to Adaptive Thermogenesis

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Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting

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Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome

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Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome

Kadowaki, T. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29126 · Cited by 2,824

MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity

Kanda, H. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci26498 · Cited by 2,682

Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton

Lee, N. K., Sowa, H., Hinoi, E., Ferron, M., Ahn, J. D., Confavreux, C., Dacquin, R., Mee, P. J., McKee, M. D., Jung, D. Y., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.047 · Cited by 2,554

High-Fat Diet Determines the Composition of the Murine Gut Microbiome Independently of Obesity

Hildebrandt, M. A., Hoffmann, C., Sherrill–Mix, S. A., Keilbaugh, S. A., Hamady, M., Chen, Y., Knight, R., Ahima, R. S., Bushman, F., & Wu, G. D. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.042 · Cited by 1,576

Banting Lecture 2001

McGarry, J. D. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.1.7 · Cited by 1,435

Defective lipolysis and altered energy metabolism in mice lacking adipose triglyceride lipase

Haemmerle, G., Lass, A., Zimmermann, R., Gorkiewicz, G., Meyer, C., Rozman, J., Heldmaier, G., Maier, R., Theussl, C., Eder, S., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1123965 · Cited by 1,375

UCP1 Ablation Induces Obesity and Abolishes Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Mice Exempt from Thermal Stress by Living at Thermoneutrality

Feldmann, H. M., Golozoubova, V., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.12.014 · Cited by 1,318

Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ Activates Fat Metabolism to Prevent Obesity

Wang, Y.-X., Lee, C.-H., Tiep, S., Yu, R. T., Ham, J., Kang, H., & Evans, R. M. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00269-1 · Cited by 1,296

Biological, Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ghrelin

van der Lely, A. J., Tschöp, M., Heiman, M. L., & Ghigo, E. (2004) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0029 · Cited by 1,187

Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses hepatic steatosis, increases energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice

Xu, J., Lloyd, D. J., Hale, C., Stanislaus, S., Chen, M., Sivits, G., Vonderfecht, S., Hecht, R., Li, Y.-S., Lindberg, R. A., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-0392 · Cited by 1,151

The Need to Feed

Saper, C. B., Chou, T. C., & Elmquist, J. K. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00969-8 · Cited by 1,120

Berberine, a Natural Plant Product, Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase With Beneficial Metabolic Effects in Diabetic and Insulin-Resistant States

Lee, Y. S., Kim, W. S., Kim, K. H., Yoon, M. J., Cho, H. J., Shen, Y., Ye, J.-M., Lee, C. H., Oh, W. K., Kim, C. T., et al. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0006 · Cited by 1,054

Inhibition of gastric inhibitory polypeptide signaling prevents obesity

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Oxidative stress in obesity: A critical component in human diseases

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Leptin receptor signaling in POMC neurons is required for normal body weight homeostasis

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Lipotoxic diseases

Unger, R. H. (2002) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.104057 · Cited by 875

Involvement of gut microbiota in the development of low-grade inflammation and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity

Cani, P. D., Osto, M., Geurts, L., & Everard, A. (2012) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.4161/gmic.19625 · Cited by 864

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ induces fatty acid β-oxidation in skeletal muscle and attenuates metabolic syndrome

Tanaka, T., Yamamoto, J., Iwasaki, S., Asaba, H., Hamura, H., Ikeda, Y., Watanabe, M., Magoori, K., Ioka, R. X., Tachibana, K., et al. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0306981100 · Cited by 832

Leptin directly activates SF1 neurons in the VMH, and this action by leptin is required for normal body-weight homeostasis

Dhillon, H., Zigman, J. M., Ye, C., Lee, C. E., McGovern, R. A., Tang, V., Kenny, C. D., Christiansen, L. M., White, R. D., Edelstein, E. A., et al. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.12.021 · Cited by 791

Drug treatments for obesity: orlistat, sibutramine, and rimonabant

Padwal, R. S., & Majumdar, S. R. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60033-6 · Cited by 753

Mitochondrial dysfunction in Nash: causes, consequences and possible means to prevent it

Begriche, K., Igoudjil, A., Pessayre, D., & Fromenty, B. (2006) · Mitochondrion · doi:10.1016/j.mito.2005.10.004 · Cited by 753

Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Schwartz, A. R., Patil, S. P., Laffan, A. M., Polotsky, V., Schneider, H., & Smith, P. L. (2008) · Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/pats.200708-137mg · Cited by 730

Intermittent Fasting Promotes White Adipose Browning and Decreases Obesity by Shaping the Gut Microbiota

Li, G., Xie, C., Lu, S., Nichols, R. G., Tian, Y., Li, L., Patel, D., Ma, Y., Brocker, C. N., Yan, T., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.019 · Cited by 667

A serotonin-dependent mechanism explains the leptin regulation of bone mass, appetite, and energy expenditure

Yadav, V. K., Oury, F., Suda, N., Liu, Z.-W., Gao, X.-B., Confavreux, C., Klemenhagen, K. C., Tanaka, K. F., Gingrich, J. A., Guo, X. E., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.051 · Cited by 661

Hormonal regulation of adiponectin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Fasshauer, M., Klein, J., Neumann, S., Eszlinger, M., & Paschke, R. (2002) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.6307 · Cited by 655

Diet-Induced Obesity Causes Severe but Reversible Leptin Resistance in Arcuate Melanocortin Neurons

Enriori, P. J., Evans, A. E., Sinnayah, P., Jobst, E. E., Tonelli-Lemos, L., Billes, S. K., Glavas, M. M., Grayson, B. E., Perello, M., Nillni, E. A., et al. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.02.004 · Cited by 552

Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Regulates PPARγ Activity and the Antidiabetic Actions of Thiazolidinediones

Dutchak, P. A., Katafuchi, T., Bookout, A. L., Choi, J. H., Yu, R. T., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Kliewer, S. A. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.11.062 · Cited by 537

Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1), a component of the molecular clock, regulates adipogenesis

Shimba, S., Ishii, N., Ohta, Y., Ohno, T., Watabe, Y., Hayashi, M., Wada, T., Aoyagi, T., & Tezuka, M. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0502383102 · Cited by 536

The Melanocortin-4 Receptor: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Pathophysiology

Tao, Y.-X. (2010) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2009-0037 · Cited by 531

Only UCP1 can mediate adaptive nonshivering thermogenesis in the cold

Golozoubova, V., Hohtola, E., Matthias, A., Jacobsson, A., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2001) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.00-0536fje · Cited by 503

Leptin targets in the mouse brain

Scott, M. M., Lachey, J. L., Sternson, S. M., Lee, C. E., Elias, C. F., Friedman, J. M., & Elmquist, J. K. (2009) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.22025 · Cited by 484

Insulin Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus

Niswender, K. D., Morrison, C. D., Clegg, D. J., Olson, R., Baskin, D. G., Myers, M. G., Seeley, R. J., & Schwartz, M. W. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.2.227 · Cited by 476

Regulation of the brown and white fat gene programs through a PRDM16/CtBP transcriptional complex

Kajimura, S., Seale, P., Tomaru, T., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Cooper, M. P., Ruas, J. L., Chin, S., Tempst, P., Lazar, M. A., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2008) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1666108 · Cited by 468

The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: A key site for mediating leptin’s effects on glucose homeostasis and locomotor activity

Coppari, R., Ichinose, M., Lee, C. E., Pullen, A. E., Kenny, C. D., McGovern, R. A., Tang, V., Liu, S. M., Ludwig, T., Chua, S. C., et al. (2005) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2004.12.004 · Cited by 457

Transgenic amplification of glucocorticoid action in adipose tissue causes high blood pressure in mice

Masuzaki, H., Yamamoto, H., Kenyon, C. J., Elmquist, J. K., Morton, N. M., Paterson, J. M., Shinyama, H., Sharp, M. G. F., Fleming, S., Mullins, J. J., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci17845 · Cited by 434

Mitochondria and ageing: Role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Boengler, K., Kosiol, M., Mayr, M., Schulz, R., & Rohrbach, S. (2017) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12178 · Cited by 421

A war on obesity, not the obese.

Friedman, J. M. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079856 · Cited by 375

SIRT1 and energy metabolism

Li, X. (2013) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.1093/abbs/gms108 · Cited by 360

Nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 regulates fat accumulation

Leonardsson, G., Steel, J. H., Christian, M., Pocock, V., Milligan, S., Bell, J., So, P.-W., Medina-Gomez, G., Vidal-Puig, A., White, R., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0401013101 · Cited by 366

Segregation of Acute Leptin and Insulin Effects in Distinct Populations of Arcuate Proopiomelanocortin Neurons

Williams, K. W., Margatho, L. O., Lee, C. E., Choi, M., Lee, S., Scott, M. M., Elias, C. F., & Elmquist, J. K. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3118-09.2010 · Cited by 352

Patterns of gene expression in atrophying skeletal muscles: response to food deprivation

Jagoe, R. T., Lecker, S. H., Gomes, M., & Goldberg, A. L. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.02-0312com · Cited by 344

Angiogenic Role of LYVE-1–Positive Macrophages in Adipose Tissue

Cho, C.-H., Jun Koh, Y., Han, J., Sung, H.-K., Jong Lee, H., Morisada, T., Schwendener, R. A., Brekken, R. A., Kang, G., Oike, Y., et al. (2007) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000259564.92792.93 · Cited by 309

The Roles of Adipokines, Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance in Modest Obesity and Early Metabolic Dysfunction

Kang, Y. E., Kim, J. M., Joung, K. H., Lee, J. H., You, B. R., Choi, M. J., Ryu, M. J., Ko, Y. B., Lee, M. A., Lee, J., et al. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154003 · Cited by 306

Ectopic brown adipose tissue in muscle provides a mechanism for differences in risk of metabolic syndrome in mice

Almind, K., Manieri, M., Sivitz, W. I., Cinti, S., & Kahn, C. R. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610416104 · Cited by 286

Regulation of obesity and insulin resistance by nitric oxide

Sansbury, B. E., & Hill, B. G. (2014) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.016 · Cited by 274

Leptin Resistance and Obesity

Enriori, P. J., Evans, A. E., Sinnayah, P., & Cowley, M. A. (2006) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2006.319 · Cited by 281

Androgen Receptor Null Male Mice Develop Late-Onset Obesity Caused by Decreased Energy Expenditure and Lipolytic Activity but Show Normal Insulin Sensitivity With High Adiponectin Secretion

Fan, W., Yanase, T., Nomura, M., Okabe, T., Goto, K., Sato, T., Kawano, H., Kato, S., & Nawata, H. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.4.1000 · Cited by 269

Minireview: Malonyl CoA, AMP-Activated Protein Kinase, and Adiposity

Ruderman, N. B., Saha, A. K., & Kraegen, E. W. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0849 · Cited by 266

Obesity in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact, and Mechanisms

Corbin, K. D., Driscoll, K. A., Pratley, R. E., Smith, S. R., Maahs, D. M., Mayer-Davis, E. J., & Advancing Care for Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity Network (ACT1ON) (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00191 · Cited by 262

Thyroid hormone mimetics: potential applications in atherosclerosis, obesity and type 2 diabetes

Baxter, J. D., & Webb, P. (2009) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2830 · Cited by 253

Evolutionarily conserved gene family important for fat storage

Kadereit, B., Kumar, P., Wang, W.-J., Miranda, D., Snapp, E. L., Severina, N., Torregroza, I., Evans, T., & Silver, D. L. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0708579105 · Cited by 252

Skeletal muscle thermogenesis and its role in whole body energy metabolism

Periasamy, M., Herrera, J. L., & Reis, F. C. G. (2017) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.327 · Cited by 230

Current and investigational antiobesity agents and obesity therapeutic treatment targets

Bays, H. E. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.151 · Cited by 228

Increased p85/55/50 Expression and Decreased Phosphotidylinositol 3-Kinase Activity in Insulin-Resistant Human Skeletal Muscle

Bandyopadhyay, G. K., Yu, J. G., Ofrecio, J., & Olefsky, J. M. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2351 · Cited by 210

Leptin and its role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity

HARVEY, J., SOLOVYOVA, N., & IRVING, A. (2006) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2006.03.001 · Cited by 202

Transgenic expression of myostatin propeptide prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance

Zhao, B., Wall, R. J., & Yang, J. (2005) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.044 · Cited by 186

The FoxO transcription factors and metabolic regulation

Nakae, J., Oki, M., & Cao, Y. (2008) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.025 · Cited by 176

The regulation of adipose tissue health by estrogens

Steiner, B. M., & Berry, D. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.889923 · Cited by 171

Vitamin A and the regulation of fat reserves

Bonet, M. L., Ribot, J., Felipe, F., & Palou, A. (2003) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS) · doi:10.1007/s00018-003-2290-x · Cited by 174

Leptin and insulin stimulation of signalling pathways in arcuate nucleus neurones: PI3K dependent actin reorganization and KATPchannel activation

Mirshamsi, S., Laidlaw, H. A., Ning, K., Anderson, E., Burgess, L. A., Gray, A., Sutherland, C., & Ashford, M. L. (2004) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-5-54 · Cited by 173

Reciprocal Roles of Msx2 in Regulation of Osteoblast and Adipocyte Differentiation

Ichida, F., Nishimura, R., Hata, K., Matsubara, T., Ikeda, F., Hisada, K., Yatani, H., Cao, X., Komori, T., Yamaguchi, A., et al. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m403621200 · Cited by 173

Adipose tissue energy metabolism: altered gene expression profile of mice subjected to long-term caloric restriction

Higami, Y., Pugh, T. D., Page, G. P., Allison, D. B., Prolla, T. A., & Weindruch, R. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.03-0678fje · Cited by 173

Diet-induced obesity alters signalling pathways and induces atrophy and apoptosis in skeletal muscle in a prediabetic rat model: Diet-induced obesity and skeletal muscle

Sishi, B., Loos, B., Ellis, B., Smith, W., du Toit, E. F., & Engelbrecht, A.-M. (2011) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2010.054189 · Cited by 162

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass normalizes the blunted postprandial bile acid excursion associated with obesity

Ahmad, N. N., Pfalzer, A., & Kaplan, L. M. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.38 · Cited by 163

Adult Type 3 Adenylyl Cyclase–Deficient Mice Are Obese

Wang, Z., Li, V., Chan, G. C. K., Phan, T., Nudelman, A. S., Xia, Z., & Storm, D. R. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006979 · Cited by 159

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Deficiency Fails to Restrain Macrophage Infiltration Into Adipose Tissue

Kirk, E. A., Sagawa, Z. K., McDonald, T. O., O'Brien, K. D., & Heinecke, J. W. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1061 · Cited by 149

Mitochondrial gene expression and increased oxidative metabolism: Role in increased lifespan of fat-specific insulin receptor knock-out mice

Katic, M., Kennedy, A. R., Leykin, I., Norris, A., McGettrick, A., Gesta, S., Russell, S. J., Bluher, M., Maratos‐Flier, E., & Kahn, C. R. (2007) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00346.x · Cited by 141

Palmitate Is Increased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Humans with Obesity and Induces Memory Impairment in Mice via Pro-inflammatory TNF-α

Melo, H. M., Seixas da Silva, G. D. S., Sant’Ana, M. R., Teixeira, C. V. L., Clarke, J. R., Miya Coreixas, V. S., de Melo, B. C., Fortuna, J. T. S., Forny-Germano, L., Ledo, J. H., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.072 · Cited by 140

Autophagy: Emerging roles in lipid homeostasis and metabolic control

Christian, P., Sacco, J., & Adeli, K. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.12.009 · Cited by 139

Diet-Derived Fatty Acids, Brain Inflammation, and Mental Health

Melo, H. M., Santos, L. E., & Ferreira, S. T. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00265 · Cited by 136

GIP increases human adipocyte LPL expression through CREB and TORC2-mediated trans-activation of the LPL gene

Kim, S.-J., Nian, C., & McIntosh, C. H. S. (2010) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m006841 · Cited by 133

Control of Blood Pressure, Appetite, and Glucose by Leptin in Mice Lacking Leptin Receptors in Proopiomelanocortin Neurons

do Carmo, J. M., da Silva, A. A., Cai, Z., Lin, S., Dubinion, J. H., & Hall, J. E. (2011) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.161349 · Cited by 127

Ghrelin is an orexigenic and metabolic signaling peptide in the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei

Currie, P. J., Mirza, A., Fuld, R., Park, D., & Vasselli, J. R. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00756.2004 · Cited by 125

The efficiency of cellular energy transduction and its implications for obesity

Harper, M.-E., Green, K., & Brand, M. D. (2008) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155357 · Cited by 121

Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor mRNA in rodent brain: distribution and colocalization with melanocortin-4 receptor

Kishi, T., Aschkenasi, C. J., Choi, B. J., Lopez, M. E., Lee, C. E., Liu, H., Hollenberg, A. N., Friedman, J. M., & Elmquist, J. K. (2005) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20432 · Cited by 119

Role of hypothalamic melanocortin 3/4-receptors in mediating chronic cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic actions of leptin

da Silva, A. A., Kuo, J. J., & Hall, J. E. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000128421.23499.b9 · Cited by 117

Social Isolation Affects the Development of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Mice

Nonogaki, K., Nozue, K., & Oka, Y. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2007-0296 · Cited by 115

Fucoidan as bio-functional molecule: Insights into the anti-inflammatory potential and associated molecular mechanisms

Phull, A. R., & Kim, S. J. (2017) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.051 · Cited by 115

Opposite effects of leptin on bone metabolism: a dose-dependent balance related to energy intake and insulin-like growth factor–I pathway

Martin, A., David, V., Malaval, L., Lafage-Proust, M.-H., Vico, L., & Thomas, T. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-1541 · Cited by 111

Lessons learned from gene expression profile studies of aging and caloric restriction

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The role of PYY in feeding regulation

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