Cited by 1,054Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

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In-vivo measurement of activated microglia in dementia

Cagnin, Annachiara, Brooks, David J, Kennedy, Angus M, Gunn, Roger N, Myers, R, Turkheimer, Federico E, Jones, Terry, Banati, Richard B·2001·The Lancet

DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05625-2

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Abstract

Background Activated microglia have a key role in the brain's immune response to neuronal degeneration. The transition of microglia from the normal resting state to the activated state is associated with an increased expression of receptors known as peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites, which are abundant on cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage. We used brain imaging to study expression of these sites in healthy individuals and patients with Alzheimer's disease.Methods We studied 15 normal individuals (age 32-80 years), eight patients with Alzheimer's disease, and one patient with minimal cognitive impairment. Quantitative in-vivo measurements of glial activation were obtained with positron emission tomography (PET) and carbon-11-labelled (R)-PK11195, a specific ligand for the peripheral benzodiazepine binding site.Findings In normal individuals, regional [11C](R)-PK11195 binding did not significantly change with age, except in the thalamus, where an age-dependent increase was found. By contrast, patients with Alzheimer's disease showed significantly increased regional [11C](R)-PK11195 binding in the entorhinal, temporoparietal, and cingulate cortex.Interpretation In-vivo detection of increased [11C](R)-PK11195 binding in Alzheimer-type dementia, including mild and early forms, suggests that microglial activation is an early event in the pathogenesis of the disease.

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Self-citation
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Authors: Cagnin, A., Brooks, D. J., Kennedy, A. M., Gunn, R. N., Myers, R., Turkheimer, F. E., Jones, T., & Banati, R. B.
Affiliations: Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: Banati, Richard B
ORCID: Brooks, David J
Gunn, Roger N
Turkheimer, Federico E
Jones, Terry
Banati, Richard B
Venue: The Lancet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-08
Volume: 358
Issue: 9280
Pages: 461-467
ISSN: 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
0140-6736
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05625-2
OpenAlex: W2149954869
Cited by: 1,054
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 57
FWCI: 22.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords: microglial activation, Alzheimer's disease, [11C](R)-PK11195, positron emission tomography, dementia, brain aging, thalamus, entorhinal cortex, cingulate cortex, temporoparietal cortex, neuroinflammation, early disease detection
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Atrophy, Brain, Carbon Radioisotopes, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Isoquinolines, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Receptors, GABA-A, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Microglia

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In-vivo measurement of activated microglia in dementia

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