Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate large numbers of target mRNAs
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in plants and animals. To investigate the influence of miRNAs on transcript levels, we transfected miRNAs into human cells and used microarrays to examine changes in the messenger RNA profile. Here we show that delivering miR-124 causes the expression profile to shift towards that of brain, the organ in which miR-124 is preferentially expressed, whereas delivering miR-1 shifts the profile towards that of muscle, where miR-1 is preferentially expressed. In each case, about 100 messages were downregulated after 12 h. The 3' untranslated regions of these messages had a significant propensity to pair to the 5' region of the miRNA, as expected if many of these messages are the direct targets of the miRNAs. Our results suggest that metazoan miRNAs can reduce the levels of many of their target transcripts, not just the amount of protein deriving from these transcripts. Moreover, miR-1 and miR-124, and presumably other tissue-specific miRNAs, seem to downregulate a far greater number of targets than previously appreciated, thereby helping to define tissue-specific gene expression in humans.
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MicroRNAs often regulate gene expression by inducing RNA degradation, and a common way to validate miRNA targets at scale is to show downregulation following miRNA overexpression.
“As microRNAs often regulate gene expression by inducing RNA degradation, a common way to validate miRNA targets at scale is to show downregulation following miRNA overexpression (Lim et al., 2005).”
From Scalable and deep profiling of mRNA targets for individual microRNAs with chimeric eCLIP (2022) · cites this paper as Lim et al., 2005
Over-expression of miR-124 in non-neuronal cells induces gene expression profiles to a neuronal phenotype.
“Also, over-expression of miR-124 in non-neuronal cells induces gene expression profiles to a neuronal phenotype (Lim et al., 2005).”
From The Bifunctional microRNA miR-9/miR-9* Regulates REST and CoREST and Is Downregulated in Huntington's Disease (2008) · cites this paper as Lim et al., 2005
miR-124 can regulate expression of multiple target genes, including those encoding CDKs and MCP-1.
“It has been shown with human HeLa cells and synoviocytes that miR-124 can regulate expression of multiple target genes, including those encoding CDKs and MCP-1 (refs. 17,42).”
From MicroRNA-124 promotes microglia quiescence and suppresses EAE by deactivating macrophages via the C/EBP-α–PU.1 pathway (2011) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Lim, L. P., Lau, N. C., Garrett-Engele, P., Grimson, A., Schelter, J. M., Castle, J., Bartel, D. P., Linsley, P. S., & Johnson, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lim, Lee P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2005-01-30
- Volume
- 433
- Issue
- 7027
- Pages
- 769-773
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1978337436
- Cited by
- 4,755
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 141 · 2021: 165 · 2020: 185 · 2019: 172 · 2018: 215 · 2017: 225 · 2016: 214 · 2015: 292 · 2014: 327 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 379
- FWCI
- 96.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Keywords
- microRNA, miR-124, miR-1, post-transcriptional regulation, tissue-specific gene expression, gene expression profiling, brain, muscle, non-coding RNA
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Brain, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Muscles, Mutation, Organ Specificity, RNA, Messenger, Substrate Specificity, Down-Regulation, Genes, Reporter, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 3' Untranslated Regions, MicroRNAs
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