Cited by 358Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

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Bush, George·2010·Neuropsychopharmacology

DOI 10.1038/npp.2009.120PMC PMC3055423

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Abstract

Research attempting to elucidate the neuropathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not only shed light on the disorder itself, it has simultaneously provided new insights into the mechanisms of normal cognition and attention. This review will highlight and integrate this bidirectional flow of information. Following a brief overview of ADHD clinical phenomenology, ADHD studies will be placed into a wider historical perspective by providing illustrative examples of how major models of attention have influenced the development of neurocircuitry models of ADHD. The review will then identify major components of neural systems potentially relevant to ADHD, including attention networks, reward/feedback-based processing systems, as well as a 'default mode' resting state network. Further, it will suggest ways in which these systems may interact and be influenced by neuromodulatory factors. Recent ADHD imaging data will be selectively provided to both illustrate the field's current level of knowledge and to show how such data can inform our understanding of normal brain functions. The review will conclude by suggesting possible avenues for future research.

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Background
Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus
Vogt, B. A., & Gabriel, M. (1993) · Birkhäuser Boston eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-6704-6 · Cited by 777
Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior.
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1980) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 774
Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine in the human brain
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Gerasimov, M., Maynard, L., Ding, Y.-S., Gatley, S. J., Gifford, A., & Franceschi, D. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-02-j0001.2001 · Cited by 770
The neural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an ALE meta‐analysis
Dickstein, S. G., Bannon, K., Xavier Castellanos, F., & Milham, M. P. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01671.x · Cited by 745
Frontal lobe functions in attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: a review and research report
Barkley, R. A., Grodzinsky, G., & DuPaul, G. J. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00916547 · Cited by 724 · cited 1×
“Most ADHD imaging studies have sought to identify localized brain dysfunction, and the prefrontal cortex was one of the first areas to be studied, because of similarities between patients with ADHD and those with frontal lobe injuries (Barkley, 1997; Barkley et al, 1992; Mattes, 1980).”
Background
The neuropsychiatry of the cerebellum — insights from the clinic
Schmahmann, J. D., Weilburg, J. B., & Sherman, J. C. (2007) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1080/14734220701490995 · Cited by 718
Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and suggested future directions
Bush, G., Valera, E. M., & Seidman, L. J. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.034 · Cited by 714
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Longitudinal Mapping of Cortical Thickness and Clinical Outcome in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Shaw, P., Lerch, J., Greenstein, D., Sharp, W., Clasen, L., Evans, A., Giedd, J., Castellanos, F. X., & Rapoport, J. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.540 · Cited by 703
Suppression of regional cerebral blood during emotional versus higher cognitive implications for interactions between emotion and cognition
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Neural Systems for Visual Orienting and Their Relationships to Spatial Working Memory
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Default-Mode Activity during a Passive Sensory Task: Uncoupled from Deactivation but Impacting Activation
Greicius, M. D., & Menon, V. (2004) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929042568532 · Cited by 684
Dopamine transporter density in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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Structural Brain Imaging of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Seidman, L. J., Valera, E. M., & Makris, N. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.019 · Cited by 676
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention
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The emotional counting stroop paradigm: a functional magnetic resonance imaging probe of the anterior cingulate affective division
Whalen, P. J., Bush, G., McNally, R. J., Wilhelm, S., McInerney, S. C., Jenike, M. A., & Rauch, S. L. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00251-0 · Cited by 650
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The cognitive-energetic model: an empirical approach to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Sergeant, J. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00060-3 · Cited by 645
Differential patterns of striatal activation in young children with and without ADHD
Durston, S., Tottenham, N. T., Thomas, K. M., Davidson, M. C., Eigsti, I.-M., Yang, Y., Ulug, A. M., & Casey, B. J. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01904-2 · Cited by 619
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Advances in Cognitive, Neurobiological, and Genetic Research
Tannock, R. (1998) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00304 · Cited by 604
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Response Inhibition: Relevance for Genetic Research in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Aron, A. R., & Poldrack, R. A. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.026 · Cited by 602
Cognition, emotion and the cerebellum
Schmahmann, J. D., & Caplan, D. N. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh729 · Cited by 595
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Davidson, R. J., SCHWARTZ, G. E. R., & Shapiro, D. L. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0629-1 · Cited by 595
An integrative theory of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder based on the cognitive and affective neurosciences
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Modeling Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Critical Appraisal of the Cognitive-Energetic Model
Sergeant, J. A. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.010 · Cited by 589 · cited 2×
“Sergeant (2000, 2005) have proposed a cognitive-energetic model that details how the dysfunctional interplay of top-down and bottom-up processes at three levels (computational mechanisms of attention, state factors, and executive functions) could impair the overall efficiency of information…”
Background
Performance monitoring by the anterior cingulate cortex during saccade countermanding
Ito, S., Stuphorn, V., Brown, J. W., & Schall, J. D. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1087847 · Cited by 581
Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.
Barkley, R. A. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.121.1.65 · Cited by 580
Etiologic subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: brain imaging, molecular genetic and environmental factors and the dopamine hypothesis
Swanson, J. M., Kinsbourne, M., Nigg, J., Lanphear, B., Stefanatos, G. A., Volkow, N., Taylor, E., Casey, B. J., Castellanos, F. X., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2007) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-007-9019-9 · Cited by 580
Cerebellum in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A morphometric MRI study
Berquin, P. C., Giedd, J. N., Jacobsen, L. K., Hamburger, S. D., Krain, A. L., Rapoport, J. L., & Castellanos, F. X. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.4.1087 · Cited by 564 · cited 1×
“Multiple studies have reported structural abnormalities of the cerebellum in ADHD patients (Berquin et al, 1998; Castellanos et al, 2002; Mostofsky et al, 1998; Valera et al, 2007; Bledsoe et al, 2009).”
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Cognitive Psychology: New Directions
Dominowski, R. L., & Claxton, G. (1981) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422262 · Cited by 553
Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Volume 1. Foundations
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Striatal Dysfunction in Attention Deficit and Hyperkinetic Disorder
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Varieties of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Related Intra-Individual Variability
Castellanos, F. X., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Scheres, A., Di Martino, A., Hyde, C., & Walters, J. R. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.005 · Cited by 540 · cited 1×
“These could consist of studies that explore the effects of variable performance on imaging data, both on mean differences between groups and on trial-to-trial variability within individual runs for a subject (Castellanos et al, 2005; Sonuga-Barke and Castellanos , 2007).”
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What Is the Prevalence of Adult ADHD? Results of a Population Screen of 966 Adults
Faraone, S. V., & Biederman, J. (2005) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054705281478 · Cited by 539
Increased striatal dopamine transporter in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of methylphenidate as measured by single photon emission computed tomography
Krause, K.-H., Dresel, S. H., Krause, J., Kung, H. F., & Tatsch, K. (2000) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01040-5 · Cited by 521
Focal Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Children With Dysphasia and/or Attention Deficit Disorder
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Mesolimbic Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Activations during Reward Anticipation Correlate with Reward-Related Ventral Striatal Dopamine Release
Schott, B. H., Minuzzi, L., Krebs, R. M., Elmenhorst, D., Lang, M., Winz, O. H., Seidenbecher, C. I., Coenen, H. H., Heinze, H.-J., Zilles, K., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2058-08.2008 · Cited by 496
Emotion-induced changes in human medial prefrontal cortex: II. During anticipatory anxiety.
Simpson, J., Drevets, W., Snyder, A., Gusnard, D., & Raichle, M. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.688 · Cited by 491
Error Monitoring Using External Feedback: Specific Roles of the Habenular Complex, the Reward System, and the Cingulate Motor Area Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Ullsperger, M., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-10-04308.2003 · Cited by 484
Hyperkinetic behavior syndrome in children
Laufer, M. W., & Denhoff, E. (1957) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(57)80257-1 · Cited by 475
Stimulants: Therapeutic Actions in ADHD
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301164 · Cited by 473
Mapping the genetic variation of executive attention onto brain activity
Fan, J., Fossella, J., Sommer, T., Wu, Y., & Posner, M. I. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0732088100 · Cited by 464
Dopamine dysfunction in AD/HD: integrating clinical and basic neuroscience research
Solanto, M. V. (2002) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00431-4 · Cited by 456
Network homogeneity reveals decreased integrity of default-mode network in ADHD
Uddin, L. Q., Kelly, A. M. C., Biswal, B. B., Margulies, D. S., Shehzad, Z., Shaw, D., Ghaffari, M., Rotrosen, J., Adler, L. A., Castellanos, F. X., et al. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.11.031 · Cited by 452
Cortical thinning of the attention and executive function networks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Makris, N., Biederman, J., Valera, E. M., Bush, G., Kaiser, J., Kennedy, D. N., Caviness, V. S., Faraone, S. V., & Seidman, L. J. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl047 · Cited by 450
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Cingulate Neurobiology and Disease
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Functions of the Medial Frontal Cortex in the Processing of Conflict and Errors
Gehring, W. J., & Fencsik, D. E. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-23-09430.2001 · Cited by 438
A review of electrophysiology in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. Event-related potentials
Barry, R. J., Johnstone, S. J., & Clarke, A. R. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00363-2 · Cited by 434
Confirmation of an Inhibitory Control Deficit in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Schachar, R. J., Mota, V., Logan, G. D., Tannock, R., & Klim, P. (2000) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1005140103162 · Cited by 430
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Behavioral Inhibition: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Stop-signal Paradigm
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Quantitative morphology of the corpus callosum in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Giedd, J. N., Castellanos, F. X., Casey, B. J., Kozuch, P. L., King, A. C., Hamburger, S. D., & Rapoport, J. L. (1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.5.665 · Cited by 422
Where and When the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates Attentional Response: Combined fMRI and ERP Evidence
Crottaz‐Herbette, S., & Menon, V. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.5.766 · Cited by 403
Toward a Pathophysiology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivint Disorder
Castellanos, F. X. (1997) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/000992289703600702 · Cited by 397
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and asymmetry of the caudate nucleus.
Hynd, G. W., Hern, K. L., Novey, E. S., Eliopulos, D., Marshall, R., Gonzalez, J. J., & Voeller, K. K. (1993) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307389300800409 · Cited by 395
Altered resting-state functional connectivity patterns of anterior cingulate cortex in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Tian, L., Jiang, T., Wang, Y., Zang, Y., He, Y., Liang, M., Sui, M., Cao, Q., Hu, S., Peng, M., et al. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.022 · Cited by 392
Corpus Callosum Morphology in Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: Morphometric Analysis of MRI
Hynd, G. W., Semrud‐Clikeman, M., Lorys, A. R., Novey, E. S., Eliopulos, D., & Lyytinen, H. (1991) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221949102400302 · Cited by 392
Medial Frontal Cortex in Action Monitoring
Luu, P., Flaisch, T., & Tucker, D. M. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-01-00464.2000 · Cited by 389
A review of the biological bases of ADHD: What have we learned from imaging studies?
Durston, S. (2003) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/mrdd.10079 · Cited by 388
Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Anterior Cingulate Cortex Volumetric Abnormalities in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Identified by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Seidman, L. J., Valera, E. M., Makris, N., Monuteaux, M. C., Boriel, D., Kelkar, K., Kennedy, D. N., Caviness, V. S., Bush, G., Aleardi, M., et al. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.031 · Cited by 386
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Neurobiology of cingulate cortex and limbic thalamus : a comprehensive handbook
Vogt, B. A., & Gabriel, M. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 378
Interaction of Stimulus-Driven Reorienting and Expectation in Ventral and Dorsal Frontoparietal and Basal Ganglia-Cortical Networks
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Imaging the effects of methylphenidate on brain dopamine: new model on its therapeutic actions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., & Ding, Y.-S. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.006 · Cited by 368
Methylphenidate improves prefrontal cortical cognitive function through α2 adrenoceptor and dopamine D1 receptor actions: Relevance to therapeutic effects in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Arnsten, A. F., & Dudley, A. G. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-1-2 · Cited by 363
Mechanism of action of methylphenidate: Insights from PET imaging studies
Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G., Ding, Y., & Gatley, S. J. (2002) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/070674370200601s05 · Cited by 353
Executive Dysfunction and Delay Aversion in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Nosologic and Diagnostic Implications
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Sergeant, J. A., Nigg, J., & Willcutt, E. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.008 · Cited by 348
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Teasdale, J. D., Dritschel, B. H., Taylor, M. J., Proctor, L., Lloyd, C. A., Nimmo-Smith, I., & Baddeley, A. D. (1995) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197257 · Cited by 341
Human anterior cingulate neurons and the integration of monetary reward with motor responses
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Dysfunctional Attentional Networks in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence from an Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Konrad, K., Neufang, S., Hanisch, C., Fink, G. R., & Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.013 · Cited by 335
Brain imaging of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
GIEDD, J. N., BLUMENTHAL, J., MOLLOY, E., & CASTELLANOS, F. X. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05772.x · Cited by 331
Modafinil Occupies Dopamine and Norepinephrine Transporters in Vivo and Modulates the Transporters and Trace Amine Activity in Vitro
Madras, B. K., Xie, Z., Lin, Z., Jassen, A. K., Panas, H. N., Lynch, L. J., Johnson, R., Livni, E., Spencer, T. J., Bonab, A. A., et al. (2006) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.106.106583 · Cited by 328
Hyperkinetic Impulse Disorder in Childrenʼs Behavior Problems
Laufer, M. W., Denhoff, E., & Solomons, G. (1957) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-195701000-00005 · Cited by 321
DOPA Decarboxylase Activity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Adults. A [Fluorine-18]Fluorodopa Positron Emission Tomographic Study
Ernst, M., Zametkin, A. J., Matochik, J. A., Jons, P. H., & Cohen, R. M. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-15-05901.1998 · Cited by 320
Functional deficits in basal ganglia of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder shown with functional magnetic resonance imaging relaxometry
Teicher, M. H., Anderson, C. M., Polcari, A. M., Glod, C. A., Maas, L. C., & Renshaw, P. F. (2000) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/74737 · Cited by 317
Atomoxetine Modulates Right Inferior Frontal Activation During Inhibitory Control: A Pharmacological Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Chamberlain, S. R., Hampshire, A., Müller, U., Rubia, K., del Campo, N., Craig, K. J., Regenthal, R., Suckling, J., Roiser, J. P., Grant, J. E., et al. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.014 · Cited by 313
Evaluation of Cerebellar Size in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Mostofsky, S. H., Reiss, A. L., Lockhart, P., & Denckla, M. B. (1998) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307389801300904 · Cited by 311
The Multi-Source Interference Task: an fMRI task that reliably activates the cingulo-frontal-parietal cognitive/attention network
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“The nomenclature of cingulate subdivisions has evolved over the past few decades (Bush, 2009; Bush et al, 2008; Vogt, 2005): for simplicity here, the daMCC is equivalent to the dorsal ACC (Bush and Shin, 2006; Bush et al, 2002) and broadly consistent with the older term, the ACC, used by studies above (Alexander et al…”
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Task-Specific Hypoactivation in Prefrontal and Temporoparietal Brain Regions During Motor Inhibition and Task Switching in Medication-Naive Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a preliminary diffusion tensor imaging study
Ashtari, M., Kumra, S., Bhaskar, S. L., Clarke, T., Thaden, E., Cervellione, K. L., Rhinewine, J., Kane, J. M., Adesman, A., Milanaik, R., et al. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.047 · Cited by 295
Some Abnormal Psychical Conditions in Children
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Technical aspects and utility of fMRI using BOLD and ASL
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Abnormal Brain Activity Related to Performance Monitoring and Error Detection in Children with ADHD
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Alterations in the Functional Anatomy of Working Memory in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Influence of Arousal on Prefrontal Cortical Function
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Self-citation
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6 of the 318 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

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Sorted by citations

Value-driven attentional capture
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“…OFC and DLPFC have been suggested to influence behavioral inhibition, rewardmotivation issues, working memory, attention, planning, and executive control in children with ADHD (Schulz et al., 2004; Bush, 2010; Wilbertz et al., 2012; Janssen et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2017; Tsvetanov et al., 2018).”
Background
Cognitive Training for Impaired Neural Systems in Neuropsychiatric Illness
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Background
Use of EEG to Diagnose ADHD
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“Group differences in neural activity and connectivity have been documented for fronto-striato-cerebellar dopamine pathways [41, 68], attentional pathways [46, 64, 65], as well as default mode network [43, 48, 67].”

See all 358

Authors: Bush, G.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Bush, George
Venue: Neuropsychopharmacology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2009-09-16
Volume: 35
Issue: 1
Pages: 278-300
ISSN: 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
1740-634X
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.120
PMC: PMC3055423
OpenAlex: W2115083032
Cited by: 358
References: 318
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 2.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Center for Research Resources (P41RR014075)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, attentional networks, reward processing, default mode network, resting state, neuromodulation, normal brain function
MeSH terms: Animals, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Humans, Neural Pathways

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

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