Cited by 190Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchAction Observation and Synchronization

Oxytocin improves behavioural and neural deficits in inferring others’ social emotions in autism

Aoki, Yuta, Yahata, Noriaki, Watanabe, Takamitsu, Takano, Yosuke, Kawakubo, Yuki, Kuwabara, Hitoshi, Iwashiro, Norichika, Natsubori, Tatsunobu +8 more·2014·Brain

Abstract

Recent studies have suggested oxytocin's therapeutic effects on deficits in social communication and interaction in autism spectrum disorder through improvement of emotion recognition with direct emotional cues, such as facial expression and voice prosody. Although difficulty in understanding of others' social emotions and beliefs under conditions without direct emotional cues also plays an important role in autism spectrum disorder, no study has examined the potential effect of oxytocin on this difficulty. Here, we sequentially conducted both a case-control study and a clinical trial to investigate the potential effects of oxytocin on this difficulty at behavioural and neural levels measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during a psychological task. This task was modified from the Sally-Anne Task, a well-known first-order false belief task. The task was optimized for investigation of the abilities to infer another person's social emotions and beliefs distinctively so as to test the hypothesis that oxytocin improves deficit in inferring others' social emotions rather than beliefs, under conditions without direct emotional cues. In the case-control study, 17 males with autism spectrum disorder showed significant behavioural deficits in inferring others' social emotions (P = 0.018) but not in inferring others' beliefs (P = 0.064) compared with 17 typically developing demographically-matched male participants. They also showed significantly less activity in the right anterior insula and posterior superior temporal sulcus during inferring others' social emotions, and in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during inferring others' beliefs compared with the typically developing participants (P < 0.001 and cluster size > 10 voxels). Then, to investigate potential effects of oxytocin on these behavioural and neural deficits, we conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover within-subject trial for single-dose intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin in an independent group of 20 males with autism spectrum disorder. Behaviourally, oxytocin significantly increased the correct rate in inferring others' social emotions (P = 0.043, one-tail). At the neural level, the peptide significantly enhanced the originally-diminished brain activity in the right anterior insula during inferring others' social emotions (P = 0.004), but not in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during inferring others' beliefs (P = 0.858). The present findings suggest that oxytocin enhances the ability to understand others' social emotions that have also required second-order false belief rather than first-order false beliefs under conditions without direct emotional cues in autism spectrum disorder at both the behaviour and neural levels.

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Crossref · 10.1093/brain/awu231

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Authors
Aoki, Y., Yahata, N., Watanabe, T., Takano, Y., Kawakubo, Y., Kuwabara, H., Iwashiro, N., Natsubori, T., Inoue, H., Suga, M., Takao, H., Sasaki, H., Gonoi, W., Kunimatsu, A., Kasai, K., & Yamasue, H.
Affiliations
  • The University of Tokyo (JP)
  • Japan Science and Technology Agency (JP)
Venue
Brain
Published
2014-08-22
Volume
137
Issue
11
Pages
3073-3086
ISSN
  • 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2156
OpenAlex
W2065016435
Cited by
187
References
89
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 1
FWCI
39.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Brain (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (26250024)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Keywords
oxytocin, autism spectrum disorder, false belief understanding, second-order false belief, Sally-Anne task, anterior insula, posterior superior temporal sulcus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, intranasal administration, social cognition, placebo-controlled crossover trial, case-control study, social communication deficits
MeSH terms
Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Empathy, Facial Expression, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxytocin, Placebos, Social Perception, Case-Control Studies, Treatment Outcome, Cross-Over Studies, Young Adult, Theory of Mind, Functional Neuroimaging

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