Oxytocin Infusion Reduces Repetitive Behaviors in Adults with Autistic and Asperger's Disorders
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dysfunction in three core behavioral domains: repetitive behaviors, social deficits, and language abnormalities. There is evidence that abnormalities exist in peptide systems, particularly the oxytocin system, in autism spectrum patients. Furthermore, oxytocin and the closely related peptide vasopressin are known to play a role in social and repetitive behaviors. This study examined the impact of oxytocin on repetitive behaviors in 15 adults with autism or Asperger's disorder via randomized double-blind oxytocin and placebo challenges. The primary outcome measure was an instrument rating six repetitive behaviors: need to know, repeating, ordering, need to tell/ask, self-injury, and touching. Patients with autism spectrum disorders showed a significant reduction in repetitive behaviors following oxytocin infusion in comparison to placebo infusion. Repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorders may be related to abnormalities in the oxytocin system, and may be partially ameliorated by synthetic oxytocin infusion.
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Oxytocin infusion improves repetitive behaviors in adults with autism and has positive effects on social behaviors and cognition.
“Improvements in repetitive behaviors in adults with autism following oxytocin infusion have been demonstrated [169] as well as positive effects on social behaviors and cognition [170].”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [169]
The neuromodulator oxytocin (OT) improves social deficits in ASD and other disorders accompanied by social deficits.
“The neuromodulator oxytocin (OT) has been shown to improve social deficits in both ASD and other disorders accompanied by social deficits (Guastella et al., 2010, 2010; Hollander et al., 2002, 2007; Yatawara et al., 2015; Young and Barrett, 2015).”
From Oxytocin enhances gaze-following responses to videos of natural social behavior in adult male rhesus monkeys (2016) · cites this paper as Hollander et al., 2002
Oxytocin administration has been shown to reduce repetitive behaviors in patients with autism.
“reduce repetitive behaviors (Hollander et al., 2003)”
From Effects of intranasal oxytocin on social anxiety in males with fragile X syndrome (2012) · cites this paper as Hollander et al., 2003
Administration of OT led to a decrease in a core ASD symptom, restricted and repetitive behavior.
“This study demonstrated that administration of OT led to a decrease in a core ASD symptom, RRB.”
From Oxytocin and vasopressin systems in genetic syndromes and neurodevelopmental disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Hollander et al., 2003
Observed effects on repetitive behaviors are in line with previous trials with adult men with ASD showing beneficial effects of OT on repetitive behaviors after 4 h of intravenous OT administration and after 6 weeks of daily administrations.
“Overall, these observed effects on repetitive behaviors are in line with previous trials with adult men with ASD showing beneficial effects of OT on repetitive behaviors after 4 h of intravenous OT administration [4] and after 6 weeks of daily administrations [8, 10].”
From Behavioral effects of multiple-dose oxytocin treatment in autism: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with long-term follow-up (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
Beneficial effects of OT treatment on repetitive behaviors were mostly demonstrated in studies that adopted assessments based on self-reports, whereas no beneficial effects were evident in studies adopting informant-based reports of repetitive behavior.
“In this view, it appears that beneficial effects of OT treatment on repetitive behaviors were mostly demonstrated in studies that adopted assessments based on self-reports (current study, [4, 8]), whereas no beneficial effects were evident in studies adopting informant-based reports of repetitive behavior [9–14].”
From Behavioral effects of multiple-dose oxytocin treatment in autism: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with long-term follow-up (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
There is both animal and human research to suggest systemic OT can influence social behavior and cognition.
“There is both animal (Popik et al., 1992) and human (Hollander et al., 2007(Hollander et al., , 2003) ) research to suggest systemic OT can influence social behavior and cognition”
From Low dose intranasal oxytocin delivered with Breath Powered device dampens amygdala response to emotional stimuli: A peripheral effect-controlled within-subjects randomized dose-response fMRI trial (2016) · cites this paper as Hollander et al., 2003
Oxytocin, relative to placebo, reduces repetitive stereotypic behaviors in individuals with ASD.
“oxytocin , relative to placebo, reduces repetitive stereotypic behaviors [172]”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [172]
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“Emerging evidence (107,108) has also suggested a putative etiological role of OT in the development of psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorders, all of which are characterized by sleep disturbances.”
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- Authors
- Hollander, E., Novotny, S., Hanratty, M., Yaffe, R., DeCaria, C. M., Aronowitz, B. R., & Mosovich, S.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hollander, Eric
- ORCID
- Hollander, Eric
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 193-198
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- OpenAlex
- W2036441276
- Cited by
- 689
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 29.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health
- National Center for Research Resources (5 M01RR00071, M01RR000071)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- oxytocin, repetitive behavior, autism spectrum disorder, Asperger syndrome, autistic adults, oxytocin infusion, vasopressin, social behavior, self-harm, need to know, ordering behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autistic Disorder, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Oxytocin, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Pulse, Treatment Outcome, Asperger Syndrome
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