Cited by 3,454Face Recognition and PerceptionEmotion and Mood RecognitionFace recognition and analysis

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The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants.

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Tottenham, Nim, Tanaka, James W., Leon, Andrew C., McCarry, Thomas, Nurse, Marcella, Hare, Todd A., Marcus, David J., Westerlund, Alissa, Casey, BJ, Nelson, Charles·2009·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.006PMC PMC3474329

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Abstract

A set of face stimuli called the NimStim Set of Facial Expressions is described. The goal in creating this set was to provide facial expressions that untrained individuals, characteristic of research participants, would recognize. This set is large in number, multiracial, and available to the scientific community online. The results of psychometric evaluations of these stimuli are presented. The results lend empirical support for the validity and reliability of this set of facial expressions as determined by accurate identification of expressions and high intra-participant agreement across two testing sessions, respectively.

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Authors: Tottenham, N., Tanaka, J. W., Leon, A. C., McCarry, T., Nurse, M., Hare, T. A., Marcus, D. J., Westerlund, A., Casey, B., & Nelson, C.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
University of Victoria (CA)
Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
Children's National (US)
Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Tottenham, Nim
ORCID: Tottenham, Nim
Tanaka, James W.
Leon, Andrew C.
Hare, Todd A.
Westerlund, Alissa
Casey, BJ
Nelson, Charles
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-08
Volume: 168
Issue: 3
Pages: 242-249
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.006
PMC: PMC3474329
OpenAlex: W2098958400
Cited by: 3,454
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 112 · 2025: 159 · 2024: 173 · 2023: 179 · 2022: 257 · 2021: 251 · 2020: 221 · 2019: 251 · 2018: 255 · 2017: 244 · 2016: 247 · 2015: 230 · 2014: 193 · 2013: 201 · 2012: 186
FWCI: 73.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH091864, R01MH078829)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
Keywords: facial expressions, facial expression recognition, face stimuli, psychometric validation, inter-rater reliability
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Emotions, Facial Expression, Humans, Judgment, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Psychometrics, Reaction Time, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult

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