The DOI matches its Crossref record; 149 of the 151 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 7 of the 155 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Networking and innovation: a systematic review of the evidence
Open accessAbstract
Recent work on competitiveness has emphasized the importance of business networking for innovativeness. Until recently, insights into the dynamics of this relationship have been fragmented. This paper presents a systematic review of research linking the networking behaviour of firms with their innovative capacity. We find that the principal benefits of networking as identified in the literature include: risk sharing; obtaining access to new markets and technologies; speeding products to market; pooling complementary skills; safeguarding property rights when complete or contingent contracts are not possible; and acting as a key vehicle for obtaining access to external knowledge. The evidence also illustrates that those firms which do not co‐operate and which do not formally or informally exchange knowledge limit their knowledge base long term and ultimately reduce their ability to enter into exchange relationships. At an institutional level, national systems of innovation play an important role in the diffusion of innovations in terms of the way in which they shape networking activity. The paper provides evidence suggesting that network relationships with suppliers, customers and intermediaries such as professional and trade associations are important factors affecting innovation performance and productivity. Where networks fail, it is due to inter‐firm conflict, displacement, lack of scale, external disruption and lack of infrastructure. The review identifies several gaps in the literature that need to be filled. For instance, there is a need for further exploration of the relationship between networking and different forms of innovation, such as process and organisational innovation. Similarly, we need better understanding of network dynamics and network configurations, as well as the role of third parties such as professional and trade associations. Our study highlights the need for interdisciplinary research in these areas.
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Claims the paper makes
81 No full text of the sources · 51 No basis given · 29 Sources not found · 25 Not checked yet · 21 Own interpretation · 14 Own result · 4 Own method · 3 Partly supported · 2 Supported · 2 Supported so far · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Research on 'innovation systems' has recently illustrated that innovation occurs more effectively where there is exchange of knowledge between systems, for example: between different industries; regions; or between science and industry (Kaufmann and Tödtling, 2001).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Kaufmann and Tödtling, 2001 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction and Section 4 say that exchange between different social systems can strengthen firms’ innovativeness, particularly through science–industry interaction. Section 2 discusses regional innovation systems, but the cited passages do not establish that knowledge exchange between regions—or between different industries—makes innovation more effective. The paper also cautions in Section 4 that science–industry interaction alone is no guarantee of increased innovativeness. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“The integration of suppliers in the innovation process has been highlighted as one of the factors leading to frame-breaking innovation (Kaufmann and Tödtling's, 2001;Perez and Sanchez's, 2002;Romijn and Albu's, 2002).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Kaufmann and Tödtling's, 2001 source
Section 5 reports that suppliers are significant contributors to advanced innovations and explains that they transfer technology and know-how that enable firms to introduce them. The paper studies products new to the market rather than using the term “frame-breaking,” but its finding supports the citing sentence’s broader point. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Perez and Sanchez's, 2002
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Romijn and Albu's, 2002 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Based on this work the importance of diversity of relationships in networks has been shown to have an impact on innovativeness (Kaufmann and Tödtling, 2001).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Kaufmann and Tödtling, 2001 source
The Conclusion (section 6) states that interaction with science stimulates firms’ innovativeness by giving them access to more diverse knowledge sources than intra-business interaction. It also emphasizes maintaining diverse innovation partners, supporting the claim that diversity in network relationships affects innovativeness. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Consequently, how networks are governed plays an important role in their effectiveness and their capacity to assist the innovation process (Coles, Harris and Dickson, 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Coles, Harris and Dickson, 2003 source
In “The Nature of Innovation Networks,” the paper says effective product development relied on changes in network organisation and on interactions among network participants. The Conclusion links formal and informal networking processes to knowledge sharing and the parties’ ability to carry out the development, supporting the claim that network governance affects innovation effectiveness. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Supported
In the paper
“They demonstrated that the annual growth rate of 18% in the pharmaceutical industry was largely linked to networked research and development.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gemser, Leenders and Wijnberg (1996) source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Firstly, the evidence base used in this study is somewhat dominated by a focus on technology and new technology industries.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sample of papers in the review is consequently balanced toward the high technology and manufacturing industries.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A UK sector that exemplifies the positive relationship between networking activity and innovation is the biotechnology sector.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research is also fragmented as it is spread across a large number of authors, journals and disciplines in social science.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Gemser, Leenders and Wijnberg (1996), for example, demonstrated the impact of networking in the global pharmaceutical industry, the US computer industry and the Italian furniture industry.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gemser, Leenders and Wijnberg (1996) source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“pooling complementary skills (Eisenhardt and Schoonhoven, 1996;Hagedoorn and Duysters, 2002);”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The paper provides evidence suggesting that network relationships with suppliers, customers, and intermediaries such as professional and trade associations are important factors affecting innovation performance and productivity.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted, however, that the overall total of papers focusing on the UK, although filtered to a smaller number using quality criteria, remains relatively low in terms of total numbers (36 out of 127 papers).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The analysis of the citations on networking and innovation also shows an upward trend between 1981 and 2003.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“safeguarding property rights when complete or contingent contracts are not possible (Leibeskind, Porter, Zucker and Brewer, 1996);”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Leibeskind, Porter, Zucker and Brewer, 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“at an institutional level, national systems of innovation do play an important role in the diffusion of innovations in terms of the way in which they shape networking activity (Nooteboom, 2000, Furtardo, 1997).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Nooteboom, 2000 source
- Not matchedcites Furtardo, 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Networking behaviour was identified as significantly boosting the innovation output and competitiveness of firms in a diverse range of industries (Ahuja, 2000;Powell, Koput and Smith-Doerr, 1996).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ahuja, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Powell, Koput and Smith-Doerr, 1996 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evidence from the literature review also illustrates that those firms which do not cooperate and which do not formally or informally exchange knowledge limit their knowledge base on a long-term basis and ultimately reduce their ability to enter into exchange relationships.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“While the biotech industry illustrates the importance of networking for innovation the review highlighted the need to network when seeking to innovate as a prerequisite across the majority of sectors.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The thematic review illustrates that a large proportion of the articles reviewed focused on the firm level (micro) factors exploring how networks are managed and work in practice (57.7%).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“and, acting as a key vehicle for obtaining access to external knowledge (Powell, Koput, and Smith-Doerr, 1996;Cooke, 1996).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“speeding products to market (Almeida and Kogut, 1999);”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Almeida and Kogut, 1999 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“To summarise: the innovation benefits of networking identified by the literature include: risk sharing (Grandori, 1997);”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Grandori, 1997 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A smaller proportion of the evidence examines the macro or networking infrastructure that can support networking activity (42.3%).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To summarise, with regard to the relationship between networking and the diffusion of innovations, the majority of research highlights the role of individuals and more specifically the importance of interpersonal and informal networking for the diffusion of innovations.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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In the paper
“Through networking the success rate of entrepreneurial initiatives can be enhanced (Baum, Calabrese and Silverman, 2000) because interpersonal and interorganisational relationships enable actors to gain access to a variety of resources held by other agents.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Baum, Calabrese and Silverman, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“This study demonstrated that firms using particular forms of networking categorised by their relationship with specific parties were likely to have nearly 20% more product improvements than firms that did not network.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gemünden, Ritter and Heydebreck's (1996) source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Gemünden, Ritter and Heydebreck's (1996) study also examined the networking effects of innovation in six high-tech industries.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gemünden, Ritter and Heydebreck's (1996) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Ties to venture capitalists and professional service organisations are other means for tapping into key talent and market information (Freeman, 1999).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Freeman, 1999 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Research conducted in the global chemical industry between 1979 and 1991 (Ahuja, 2000) highlighted that firms were most keen to form linkages with other firms where those firms had a high level of commercial competence.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ahuja, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“A number of other studies also show that successful entrepreneurs consistently use networks to get ideas and gather information and advice (Birley, 1985;Smeltzer, Hook and Hutt, 1991).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Birley, 1985 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Smeltzer, Hook and Hutt, 1991
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“iv) The nature of a firms' alliance network during business formation can have important ramifications for future business performance (Baum, Calabrese and Silverman, 2000).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Baum, Calabrese and Silverman, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They influence this in a number of ways: firstly, by enhancing access to knowledge -promoting awareness and early adoption of innovations -and secondly, by promoting social interaction, generating trust and reciprocity that is conducive to knowledge transfer.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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In the paper
“Using the examples of Concorde and Airbus, Frenken's (2000) analysis of the history of the aircraft industry also shows the key role of transnational networks in the development of innovative aircraft.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Frenken's (2000) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is also important to recognise that while networks play a crucial role promoting the development of innovations within and across firms they also play a key role in the diffusion of innovations across and within sectors.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Secondly, businesses with few existing relationships often lack the technical and commercial competences required when trying to attract partners (Ahuja, 2000).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ahuja, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“v) All types of network configuration constantly change and adapt depending on the requirements of partners and the context within which the network operates (Larson, 1991).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Larson, 1991 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is also important to recognise that while networks play a crucial role promoting the development of innovations within and across firms they also play a key role in the diffusion of innovations across and within sectors.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The relative ease with which business-to-business networks form was also found to be influenced by social institutions.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Likewise the development of new products was 7-10% higher in these firms.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gemünden, Ritter and Heydebreck's (1996) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However there exists at least two barriers to network formation.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Through networking the success rate of entrepreneurial initiatives can be enhanced (Baum, Calabrese and Silverman, 2000) because interpersonal and interorganisational relationships enable actors to gain access to a variety of resources held by other agents.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“iii) Network configuration often differs between different forms of innovation required by actors; networks for product innovation are quite different from networks for process innovations (Gemünden, Ritter and Heydebreck, 1996)”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gemünden, Ritter and Heydebreck, 1996 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Alliances enable firms to gain access to resources, particularly when time is of the essence (Teece, 1986;Baum et al. 2000).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Teece, 1986 source
- Not matchedcites Baum et al. 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The more involvement individuals have in these forums the more likely it is that the firms in which they are employed will adopt new innovations.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These studies consequently highlight that there is no consensus as to the optimal networking configuration.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However more generally, while the utility of networks for enhancing the development of innovations and innovation diffusion is well-established there appears to be a need for more focussed research on the impact of networking on the development and diffusion of different forms of innovation (e.g.product, process and organisational).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Networks are not only critical for accessing knowledge to create in-house innovations or for the diffusion of technological innovation but they are equally important for learning about innovative work practices that other organisations have developed or adopted (Erickson and Jacoby, 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Erickson and Jacoby, 2003 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“i) The nature of network configuration and its utility for innovation and competitiveness depends on the strategic requirements of individual firms (Ostgaard and Birley, 1994;Koch, 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ostgaard and Birley, 1994 source
- Not matchedcites Koch, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The nature of networks encountered in this review illustrate that the optimal design for a network is contingent on the actions that the structure seeks to facilitate.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Firstly, firms with high levels of technical and commercial competence are less likely to see the value of forming network relationships with other firms.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“At an organisational level, the involvement of managers and lower level employees in professional, industry and cross-industry networks has been found to promote the diffusion of innovations (Robertson et al, 1996, Erickson andJacoby, 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Robertson et al, 1996 source
- Not matchedcites Erickson andJacoby, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Help manufacturers identify improvements that are necessary for them to remain competitive (Perez and Sanchez, 2002).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Perez and Sanchez, 2002
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Other studies have highlighted that the linking of marketing and technical activities early in the innovation process enables products to be developed with full awareness of the customer's needs (Bruce and Rodgus, 1991).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bruce and Rodgus, 1991 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Customers who are actively engaged in the early stages of product innovation will assist the development of ideas (Biemans, 1989).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Biemans, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Conway (1995) also found in his study of 35 successful innovations that customers were crucially important at the idea generation stage of the innovation process.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Conway (1995) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The studies highlighted (Germünden et al. 1992;Ritter and Germünden, 2003) also show that firms that do not network possess much lower levels of competence in innovation.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Germünden et al. 1992
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Ritter and Germünden, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In conclusion, the evidence shows that the innovation process, particularly complex and radical innovations benefit from engagement with a diverse range of partners which allows for the integration of different knowledge bases, behaviours and habits of thought.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Create easier access to supplier knowledge and expertise in the longerterm (Conway, 1995).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Conway, 1995 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The types of partner firms engaged in networking appears to be related to the type of innovation occurring.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Although much of the evidence points toward the important role of suppliers, co-suppliers and distributors in the innovation process it is to customers that businesses most often turn when seeking network relationships on issues associated with innovation (Ragatz et al. 1997).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ragatz et al. 1997 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Enable firms to bring to bear wider expertise during the development process (Romijn and Albu, 2002).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Romijn and Albu, 2002 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In Gemünden et al's (1992) study, for example, 75% of companies engaged customers in the innovation process and nearly 50% identified it as a precondition for innovation success.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gemünden et al's (1992) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When examining management practices, involving suppliers in the buyer's development team, was the largest single differentiator between the least and most successful innovation efforts.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, firms having strong supplier networks report higher levels of productivity than those reporting weak alliances over time (Perez and Sanchez, 2002).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Perez and Sanchez, 2002
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Lead to closer more open supplier relationships (Conway, 1995).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Conway, 1995 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Lead to improved communication between the partners (Ritter and Germünden, 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ritter and Germünden, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In Gemünden et al's (1992) study, for example, 75% of companies engaged customers in the innovation process and nearly 50% identified it as a precondition for innovation success.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gemünden et al's (1992) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Provide clearer focus on the projects that require joint development (Ragatz et al. 1997).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ragatz et al. 1997 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, co-operation with Universities was 8.9% of firms in Kaufmann and Tödtling's work.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kaufmann and Tödtling's
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Advanced innovators and the development of radical innovations tends to demand more interaction with universities.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Ragatz et al's (1997) work has also shown that customers are considered to be the most important partners during incremental innovation.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ragatz et al's (1997) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These studies show that innovation is influenced by many actors both inside and outside the firm and that the most important partners are from the business sector, customers first (33.5% of firms) and suppliers second (21.9% of firms).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies on partnering have also shown that the willingness of firms to co-operate outside of these 'direct' relationships was rather limited.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, there are a range of identifiable factors promoting and preventing the establishment of business networks.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Assist with improvements in the overall design effort (Conway, 1995).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Conway, 1995 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Have a significant impact on cost, quality, technology, speed and responsiveness of buying companies (Ritter and Germünden, 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ritter and Germünden, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Lead to higher levels of productivity and quality (Perez and Sanchez, 2002).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Perez and Sanchez, 2002
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The degree of involvement of suppliers tends to depend on the nature of projects; however, open and direct communication between companies has been identified as the critical success factor during supplier interactions in new product development processes (Harryson, 1997;Ragatz et al. 1997;Lincoln et al. 1998;Perez and Sanchez, 2002).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The innovator learns from the customer the likely market potential of the product idea (Gemünden et al. 1992).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gemünden et al. 1992 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Networking can have a positive impact on innovation in all organisational contexts (i.e within established large organisations, small businesses and new entrepreneurial start-ups).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Customer involvement reduces the risks of innovation (Gemünden et al. 1992;Ragatz et al. 1997).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The quality of links between venture capital firms, therefore, provides an important networking infrastructure for the commercialisation of innovation (Florida and Kenney, 1988a).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Venture Finance Partners
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Florida and Kenney, 1988a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Haar et al.'s study (1988) shows that informal investment networks are particularly important during a firm's pre-start-up, start-up and early growth stages of development and that most referral networks for informal finance are composed of family and friends (Haar, Starr and MacMillan, 1988).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Venture Finance Partners
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Haar, Starr and MacMillan, 1988 source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Due to its positive impact on information flows, trust based behaviour characterised by implicit open-ended contracts is cited as a crucial factor in enhancing innovation through inter-firm collaboration (Hausler et al, 1994, Hoang andAntoncic, 2003) and an integral reason for inter-firm networks' longevity (Lipparini and Sobrero, 1994).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Lipparini and Sobrero, 1994 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The evidence on science partners shows that they contribute to innovation networks usually through informal-personal networks (Bower and Keogh, 1996) and that their contribution is important in enabling firms to develop thinking that steps outside of their particular business system (Liyanage, 1995).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Science Partners
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bower and Keogh, 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The evidence on science partners shows that they contribute to innovation networks usually through informal-personal networks (Bower and Keogh, 1996) and that their contribution is important in enabling firms to develop thinking that steps outside of their particular business system (Liyanage, 1995).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Science Partners
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Liyanage, 1995 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In general, network ties have been found to be much more conducive for the exchange of information and knowledge across partners than market mechanisms.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Evidence from Hobday's (1994) study shows that failure in Silicon Valley is linked to networks of small firms being unable to capitalise on the profits that can be made during the maturity stage of innovations (Hobday, 1994).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hobday, 1994 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The type of interdependence characterising the network relationships between firms was found to be an important mediating variable in terms of establishing the appropriate governance mechanisms that will promote innovation (Grandori, 1997).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Grandori, 1997 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evidence in this study examining networking and innovation and the role of institutional mechanisms was considered insufficient to draw any useful conclusions.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Institutional Mechanisms
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The extent to which Science Parks promote business-to-business networks appears to be mixed with some evidence for and against their capacity to promote networking.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Institutional Mechanisms
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Such finance networks when well-developed attract further start-up activity creating a self-reinforcing cycle (Florida and Kenney, 1988b).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Venture Finance Partners
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Florida and Kenney, 1988b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The evidence on the management of networks shows that managing informal and formal agreements, while establishing trust, means that the management of network relationships is inherently difficult (Biemans, 1991).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Biemans, 1991 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A number of other studies reviewed show that events outside of an industry, particularly government policy, can have a disproportionate effect leading to network failure (Bower, Crabtree and Keogh, 1997).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bower, Crabtree and Keogh, 1997 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Venture capital firms can and do act as key brokers within technology and innovation networks, introducing key partners to prospective and current firms with whom they have invested (Bygrave, 1988).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Venture Finance Partners
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bygrave, 1988 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The degree to which firms learn about new opportunities is a function of the extent of their existing participation in networks (Powell, Koput and Smith-Doerr, 1996).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Powell, Koput and Smith-Doerr, 1996 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In general the role of third parties, such as professional associations, trade associations and publicly funded bodies specifically aimed at promoting innovation, such as technology transfer centres, have a positive impact on the development of interorganisational networks and innovation.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Third Parties
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Detailed evidence on how Science Parks might promote such networks also appears to be absent from the literature (Phillimore, 1999).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Institutional Mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Phillimore, 1999 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Whilst the review focused principally on business-to-business networks, science partners play an important role as independent network brokers and intermediaries within business networks and this was explored by the study.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Science Partners
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Haar et al.'s study (1988) shows that informal investment networks are particularly important during a firm's pre-start-up, start-up and early growth stages of development and that most referral networks for informal finance are composed of family and friends (Haar, Starr and MacMillan, 1988).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Venture Finance Partners
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Learning from collaboration was found in the empirical work reviewed to be a function of a firms' access to knowledge and its possession of the capabilities for utilising the relationships and knowledge established (DeSanctis, Glass and Ensing, 2002).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites DeSanctis, Glass and Ensing, 2002 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evidence reported links a firm's networking competence and management with its innovative capacity.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Science partners also act as brokers, intermediaries or neutral agents within networks enabling different business systems to communicate by generating trust between different parties (Hausler, Hohn and Lutz, 1994).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Science Partners
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hausler, Hohn and Lutz, 1994 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The evidence demonstrates that science partners tend to be most important where the innovation is relatively radical in orientation (Ebadi and Utterback, 1984;Verspagen, 1999;Fritsch, 2001).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Science Partners
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“All networks have rules of engagement which constrain the partners' behaviour (Boter and Holmquist, 1996).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Boter and Holmquist, 1996 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The characteristics of network ties, however, are significantly shaped by modes of network governance and network management.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Due to its positive impact on information flows, trust based behaviour characterised by implicit open-ended contracts is cited as a crucial factor in enhancing innovation through inter-firm collaboration (Hausler et al, 1994, Hoang andAntoncic, 2003) and an integral reason for inter-firm networks' longevity (Lipparini and Sobrero, 1994).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hausler et al, 1994 source
- Not matchedcites Hoang andAntoncic, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The review has also highlighted that dense networks have a positive impact on long-term innovation.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Love and Roper (2001) when modelling UK, German and Irish investment in research and development in manufacturing find no link between external networking and innovation performance.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Love and Roper (2001) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first obvious gap in the literature concerns the relationship between networking and different forms of innovation, such as, process and organisational innovation.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whilst networking configurations are clearly contingent upon such factors as sector, type of innovation (radical vs. incremental; product vs. process), far more systematic research needs to be conducted in this area.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In a qualitative study of eight space research innovation projects Gales and Boynton (1992) show that increasing uncertainty in the network's role or conditions can lead to only the development of weak ties.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gales and Boynton (1992) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To date the focus of research across disciplines has been primarily on product innovations.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although networks have been shown to contribute to innovation and competitiveness, this study has already demonstrated that they can also inhibit innovation by encouraging anti-competitive behaviour, suggesting that the ultimate value of a network is dependent upon what it is used for.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Ahuja (2000) using a longitudinal study of the chemicals industry shows that 'structural holes', where important partners are missing within networks, also has a negative effect on innovation.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ahuja (2000)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A study by Rychen and Zimmermann (2002) on the microelectronics cluster in the Marseilles area of France also highlighted that if decisions guided by national policy, that seek to implant clusters or networks into areas, do not take into consideration local conditions they are likely to fail.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rychen and Zimmermann (2002) source
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Porter and Ketels' (2003) study concluded that the UK underperforms key competitors in this area but provided little in the way of evidence to justify the claim.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Porter and Ketels' (2003)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Many scientific and technological breakthroughs result from numerous contributions of many actors working in networks (Bougrain and Haudeville, 2002)”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bougrain and Haudeville, 2002 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although it is possible that these results are a consequence of the method used, the results do confirm anecdotal evidence supporting the view that the evidence base has grown in recent years.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Indeed, the locus of innovation is no longer the individual or the firm but increasingly the network in which a firm is embedded (Powell, Koput and Smith-Doerr, 1996).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Powell, Koput and Smith-Doerr, 1996 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“and the standards necessary for a technology to function across different markets depend increasingly on networks of firms (Munir, 2002).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Munir, 2002
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The value of including suppliers in new product development innovation has been widely documented in the supply chain literature (Ragatz et al., 1997).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ragatz et al., 1997 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More risk adverse firms, however, tend to link their innovation activities and networking relationships to customers because knowledge of clients' demands as the risk of failure for the innovating firm is perceived to be lower.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, the supply chain literature on networking behaviour and innovation shows that supply relationships are one of the most important networking arrangements affecting innovation performance and productivity.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests a direct relationship between type of networking activity and innovation type (e.g.radical or incremental).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, the importance of networking with business customers is confirmed and is shown to offer many benefits.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Where close collaboration already exists, incentive policies can promote the continuance of long-term relationships.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although networks have been shown to contribute to innovation and competitiveness, this study has already demonstrated that they can also inhibit innovation by encouraging anti-competitive behaviour, suggesting that the ultimate value of a network is dependent upon what it is used for.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicates that networking may be an important facilitator in the innovation process but other things are more fundamental (e.g.skill base of labour markets and regulation) and drive innovation and competitiveness more generally.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise firms that do not cooperate have access to a limited knowledge base over the longer term.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 50
- It may state two separate claims as one. 62
- The quote only partly states this claim. 5
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A study of the UK/US defence industry, for example, has highlighted that dependency in relationships occur because of the breadth of links between partners, such dependency and breadth often leads to the emergence of more complex networks (Grandori and Soda, 1995;Coles, Harris and Dickson, 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Grandori and Soda, 1995 source
- Partly supportedcites Coles, Harris and Dickson, 2003 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Case Study (page unavailable) describes a collaboration between UK and US defence firms, and the Discussion: The Role of Network Building Processes (page unavailable) identifies technical dependency and describes their network as complex. Neither passage says that the breadth of links causes dependency or that dependency and breadth lead to the emergence of more complex networks. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“The value of diverse partners for innovation is demonstrated in Kaufmann and Tödtling's (2001) empirical research and were supported by Perez and Sanchez's (2002) work on technology networks in the Spanish automobile industry and Romijn and Albu's (2002) work on small high technology firms in the UK.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Kaufmann and Tödtling's (2001) source
Section 5 reports empirical findings from the REGIS survey: partnerships with suppliers, consultants, and universities were positively associated with introducing products new to the market. Section 6 explicitly argues that maintaining diversity across science and industry is important for innovation. The claims about Perez and Sanchez and Romijn and Albu are attributed to those separate works, not to this source. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not matchedcites Perez and Sanchez's (2002)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Romijn and Albu's (2002) source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Networks can endure and evolve over many years and as a consequence they go through periods of conflict between partners, which can and do lead to the failure of the network (Coles, Harris and Dickson, 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Coles, Harris and Dickson, 2003 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Conclusion describes the network’s long, turbulent history, and the Discussion reports persistent conflict and a breakdown in formal relations. But the Discussion says informal ties continued and the formal relationship was repaired; it does not establish that conflict caused the network itself to fail. The copy provides no page numbers for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Industries where networking has had an identifiable impact on innovation included: service industriesfoot_1 , primary industriesfoot_2 , manufacturing industriesfoot_3 and high-tech industriesfoot_4 .”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Secondly, the evidence is mainly focused on the UK, USA and Germany; with some bias toward the period 1995-2003.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Where networks fail it is due to interfirm conflict, displacement, lack of scale, external disruption and lack of infrastructure.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“obtaining access to new markets and technologies (Grandori and Soda, 1995);”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Grandori and Soda, 1995 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Where networks fail it is due to interfirm conflict, displacement, lack of scale, external disruption and lack of infrastructure.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, the research to date lacks some depth in terms of the very limited number of studies that have been carried out.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The top five journals in terms of their coverage of this topic in the review were Research Policy; Journal of Business Venturing; Regional Studies; Technovation; and, International Journal of Technology Management.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > THE EVIDENCE BASE
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results show that networking and innovation have been studied in a number of fields within social science.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > THE EVIDENCE BASE
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis showed that 36 papers had empirical data based on the UK, 35 on the USA, 42 on other European Countries (Germany with 14 studies was the highest other European country included in the review), 11 were on Japan and 3 were on other countries (Australia; Brazil and Israel).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the first stage of the review 628 papers were found by searching ABI Proquest, Science Direct and Web of Science citation indexes using the search strings developed.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > THE EVIDENCE BASE
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example from 1999-2003 93 papers were published on the subject while from 1981-1986 4 papers were published.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Where networks fail it is due to interfirm conflict, displacement, lack of scale, external disruption and lack of infrastructure.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Where networks fail it is due to interfirm conflict, displacement, lack of scale, external disruption and lack of infrastructure.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Where networks fail it is due to interfirm conflict, displacement, lack of scale, external disruption and lack of infrastructure.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After steps i to vii 174 citations remained in the A list.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > METHODOLOGY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The value of collaboration for innovation is widely documented as a key feature of the biotechnology industry.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In further disagreement Burt (1992) finds that rather than maximizing the number of ties, firms should strive to position themselves strategically in gaps between different nodes, so as to become intermediaries.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Burt (1992) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They influence this in a number of ways: firstly, by enhancing access to knowledge -promoting awareness and early adoption of innovations -and secondly, by promoting social interaction, generating trust and reciprocity that is conducive to knowledge transfer.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nooteboom's study (2000), for example, characterises the UK innovation system as one that promotes the diffusion of more radical innovations which demand entrepreneurial activity cutting across sectors, rather than promoting the diffusion of innovation within sectors.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Nooteboom's study (2000)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“For example, network relations provide emotional support for entrepreneurial risk-taking, and this in turn is thought to enhance persistence to remain in business (Hoang and Antoncic 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hoang and Antoncic 2003 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Italian furniture industry the international competitiveness of the industry is largely down to continuous improvements and product differentiation which has been supported by the presence of industrial districts consisting of a network of small loosely organised (family) firms which are geographically clustered.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The first focuses on the resource requirements of firms where they are induced to form network relationships with other firms as a way of obtaining access to technical and/or commercial resources they lack (Ahuja, 2000).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ahuja, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“He explains how the recombination of national strengths / competencies via networks and projects can play an important role in the identification of new opportunities.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Frenken's (2000) source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Contrary to this perspective, Brass and Burkhardt (1992) propose that the best position is one where all firms are tied only to the focal actor.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brass and Burkhardt (1992)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evidence on network configuration shows that the nature of a network is dependent on its industrial context and on what a firm is seeking to use its network for.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Empirical evidence shows that these institutions can shape the cultural conditions and infrastructure for networking, as well as, acting as brokers and intermediaries in network formation.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, Shan, Walker and Kogut (1994) suggest that the number of collaborative relationships that a firm is involved in is positively related to innovation output, while conversely, closed networks have been found to foster innovation more than open ones (Coleman, 1988).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Shan, Walker and Kogut (1994) source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise the development of clusters in the US computer industry was based on networking and proximity which led to an increase in innovation and assisted rejuvenation of the industry during the 1980s.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In terms of the types of firm engaged in networking activity the research suggests that it was not only found to be valuable for established businesses but is also beneficial for entrepreneurs.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the constituents of successful network structures is debated widely in the literature (Ahuja, 2000).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ahuja, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The degree of innovation success in the study also illustrated a much greater chance of the innovation being technically successful and more economically relevant where firms used networks.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gemünden, Ritter and Heydebreck's (1996) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From this perspective, the availability of opportunities to form relationships tends not to be viewed as a constraint.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The second argues that opportunities to form links tend to reflect prior patterns of inter-firm relationships.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Granovetter, 1985 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Networks enable small business owners to link into R&D that is contracted out by larger firms, to engage in joint R&D ventures and to set-up marketing and manufacturing relationships (Rothwell and Dodgson, 1991).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rothwell and Dodgson, 1991 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ii) Firms will use networks in different ways and will reconfigure them if necessary (Kash and Rycroft, 2002).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kash and Rycroft, 2002 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evidence reviewed shows that network configurations are dynamic and principally guided by the choices of partners and their network management capabilities and are beyond the direct influence of policy intervention.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Ahuja's (2000) empirical findings suggest that the benefits of increasing trust, developing and improving collaboration and reducing opportunism shapes network structures creating cohesive interconnected partners.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ahuja's (2000)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A firm's ability to develop network relationships with other firms is consequently based on its existing relationships and network capability (Granovetter, 1985).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Granovetter, 1985 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The literature provides two major reasons to explain why business-to-business networks form.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evidence suggests that network infrastructures can have an indirect positive or negative impact on network configurations and can consequently encourage or hinder the development of certain forms of network relationships.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Networks are not only critical for accessing knowledge to create in-house innovations or for the diffusion of technological innovation but they are equally important for learning about innovative work practices that other organisations have developed or adopted (Erickson and Jacoby, 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, Shan, Walker and Kogut (1994) suggest that the number of collaborative relationships that a firm is involved in is positively related to innovation output, while conversely, closed networks have been found to foster innovation more than open ones (Coleman, 1988).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Coleman, 1988
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Network forms are, however, complex and research has not yet clearly demonstrated which configurations most impact on innovation in particular contexts.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF NETWORK FORMATION AND CONFIGURATION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Dialogue between key business customers and suppliers not only allows firms to learn of existing needs but also leads to the discovery of new needs in advance of the competition (Bruce and Rodgus, 1991).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bruce and Rodgus, 1991 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A systematic study of practices leading to commercial success in innovation also illustrated the important role of understanding users' needs and engaging them in the innovation process (Freeman, 1982).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Freeman, 1982
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This point is supported by Gemünden, Heydebreck and Herden's (1992) survey of 4564 firms in the Lake Constance region (on the border between Austria, Germany and Switzerland).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gemünden, Heydebreck and Herden's (1992) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Interestingly it was also noted that companies that networked effectively with suppliers also invested more in research and development because they required an infrastructure in which to frame collaborative behaviour (Perez and Sanchez, 2002).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Perez and Sanchez, 2002
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Innovation is no less valuable but is more incremental and productivity gains are more modest.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These studies show that innovation is influenced by many actors both inside and outside the firm and that the most important partners are from the business sector, customers first (33.5% of firms) and suppliers second (21.9% of firms).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Help reduce concept-to-customer cycle time, costs and reduce quality problems (Ragatz et al. 1997).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ragatz et al. 1997 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In contrast, however, research in Germany highlights significant national differences with respect to involvement with research institutes and universities and illustrates the importance of scientific partners in some industry sectors (Ritter and Gemünden, 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ritter and Gemünden, 2003 source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Formal and informal communication between people with different information, skills and values increases the chance of unforeseen novel combinations of knowledge, which can lead to radical discoveries.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moreover too much emphasis on technical excellence or marketing can lead to innovations that are too highly priced or over engineered (Walsh, Roy and Bruce, 1988).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walsh, Roy and Bruce, 1988 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, incremental innovators rely more frequently on their customers as innovation partners whereas firms that have products new to a market are more likely to collaborate with suppliers and consultants.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORKING INTERFACE The Importance of Partner Diversity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some of the research reviewed points out that both experience and ability to absorb knowledge embodied in new technologies and ideas (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990) are critical skills a firm requires when exploiting relationships.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cohen and Levinthal, 1990 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evidence found in the review shows that a firm's competence of managing networks can differ substantially and networks can be shaped and deliberately designed to meet the firm's innovation needs.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Despite this evidence of the value of business customers in the innovation process, more detailed empirical study has shown that customer involvement tends to be useful at the beginning in terms of idea generation but is less so during the developmental process where the manufacturer tends to lead (Biemans, 1989;Bruce and Rodgus, 1991;Gemünden et al's 1992, Conway, 1995).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Third parties have a dual role in promoting innovation.They ideally act as neutral knowledge brokers (though see Robertson et al, 1996) but also act as important conduits for the development of informal relationships which are the basis for the development of network relationships particularly between small firms.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Third Parties
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Robertson et al, 1996 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Where clusters exist but networking does not happen innovation occurs less often and is less successful (Staber, 2001).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Institutional Mechanisms
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Staber, 2001 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Companies that stated they received essential information from customers were more successful with technological innovation and had greater commercial success.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Conway, 1995 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Coinvestment between venture capital firms in entrepreneurial businesses has been shown to be both beneficial for venture capitalists and provides better quality and larger funds for entrepreneurial businesses (Bygrave, 1987;1988).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Venture Finance Partners
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bygrave, 1987 source
- Not matchedcites [1988]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Other studies show, similar to formal investment, that syndicated investments have a greater chance of success and often lead to higher investment levels in entrepreneurial firms (Harrison and Mason, 1992;1996).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Venture Finance Partners
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harrison and Mason, 1992 source
- Not matchedcites [1996]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Under and over-formalisation of the network were both recognised as being detrimental to innovation (Nooteboom, 2000).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Nooteboom, 2000 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Networks appear to encounter problems for a variety of reasons, for example: due to inter-firm conflict; as a consequence of displacement; lack of scale; external disruption; and, lack of infrastructure.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Knowledge of how to collaborate accumulates over time through experience, reflection, and interpretation (Lorenzoni and Lipparini, 1999).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Lorenzoni and Lipparini, 1999 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The evidence on weak ties shows that networks can exist but not work effectively because of weak relationships between partners or because firms are unable to extract value from their networks (Gales and Boynton, 1992).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gales and Boynton, 1992 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Harris, Coles and Dickson (2000) find that inter-firm networking can facilitate the innovation process but it will not necessarily lead to innovation success.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harris, Coles and Dickson (2000) source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A key feature of informal networking is the transfer of tacit knowledge promoting learning, which provides significant benefits for innovation.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evidence suggests that there is considerable ambiguity and contestation within the literature regarding appropriate network configurations for successful innovation.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The evidence was confirmed by a study of 85 semi-conductor firms in Silicon Valley that showed how the existence of dense social networks led to industrial collaboration and reciprocal innovation, which in turn led to the establishment of formal institutions for collaboration (Saxenian, 1990).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Saxenian, 1990 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evidence on finance networks shows that they are important for ensuring coinvestment, which enables risk to be spread and usually leads to better quality decisionmaking and larger funding levels for individual firms.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“If the investment infrastructure (venture finance networks) is weak it may lead to the failure of new technologies or practices, an inability to enter markets, and the premature failure of entrepreneurial firms (Harrison and Mason, 1996;Bygrave, 1987;1988).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Instead they find that innovation is more dependent on internal organisational networks.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Love and Roper, 2001 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The existing citation abstracts were reviewed according to the quality criteria (Appendix 3) and separated into an A, B and C lists.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > METHODOLOGY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Porter and Ketels ' (2003) study of British competitiveness emphasised the importance of business networking for innovativeness.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Porter and Ketels' (2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is clear that some caution should therefore be applied when seeking to generate conclusions from this study to primary or service industries as they only represent 5.7% and 2.9% of the sample respectively.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“As products become increasingly modular and knowledge is distributed across organisations (Baldwin and Clark, 2000) firms recognise an increasing requirement to collaborate with other firms both formally and informally.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND NETWORKING
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Baldwin and Clark, 2000 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Articles were reviewed according to their relevant subject theme as identified in the narrative coding in step viii.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > METHODOLOGY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The data illustrates that it is a relatively new area of investigation and published work is therefore quite limited.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The number of studies focusing on the UK is quite high illustrating that UK academics have made an above average contribution to the subject.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Statistical Analysis; Business Networking; Organisation Theory; and, Product
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Porter report had established that inter-organisational networking was critical for the development of innovative ability in firms.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Porter report
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Porter and Ketels' (2003) study concluded that the UK underperforms key competitors in this area but provided little in the way of evidence to justify the claim.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Porter and Ketels' (2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The citations identified were reviewed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria (Appendix 1 and 2).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > METHODOLOGY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The A list articles were selected and their abstracts were imported from Proquest to Nvivo.The abstracts were coded according to their content and a report structure was identified based on the coding of abstracts.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > METHODOLOGY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“He highlights two forms of approach to innovation and networks and argues that customer focused approaches are the most effective as opposed to product focused ones.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Von Hippel, 1978
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Customers should play an active role in the innovation process and are capable of identifying novel ideas for development (Von Hippel, 1978).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Von Hippel, 1978
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such relationships can be managed if firms are committed to collaboration are skilled in managing network relationships and are prepared to invest in research and development.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Suppliers
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Examining the evidence on finance networks shows that they are important within the networking infrastructure and that cooperative investment appears to be beneficial for both investing firms and entrepreneurial businesses.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Venture Finance Partners
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While networks can and do promote innovation within an existing technological framework, they are subject to disorganisation and disintegration during periods of technological change.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The extent to which customers actively contribute to the innovation process is less clear as the evidence points to this being driven by the innovating firm balancing market awareness with technical feasibility.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Network management is also considered crucial for successful innovation and firms need to improve their proficiency (Ferrary, 2003).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ferrary, 2003 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The importance of appropriate venture finance and loan finance for innovation has been widely documented (Harding, 2000).”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Venture Finance Partners
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harding, 2000 source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such networking relationships appear to be ideal for promoting incremental innovation and customers can usefully help innovators identify market opportunities.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > The Role of Customers
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Policies to promote community involvement by economically active actors (e.g.successful entrepreneurs; venture capitalists) in deprived areas can have a positive effect on business start-up rates in these locations.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The study of network infrastructures in Brazil concluded that even after improvements in the network infrastructure had led to better competitive performance a large competitiveness gap remained.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stamer (1995)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Current research supports the view that networking significantly boosts innovation output and the competitiveness of firms in a diverse range of industries.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicates that networking may be an important facilitator in the innovation process but other things are more fundamental (e.g.skill base of labour markets and regulation) and drive innovation and competitiveness more generally.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, R&D tax incentives for collaborative projects may promote the emergence of longer-term network relationships.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > NETWORK FAILURE AND NETWORK LIMITATIONS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Innovation is both about the generation and exploitation of new products, processes, services and business practices.
“The study consequently assumed that innovation was both about the generation and exploitation of new products, processes, services and business practices.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Since the 1980s, little attempt has been made to systematically translate findings into a comprehensive review of current knowledge.
“Despite the significant number of studies that have been conducted in this general area, since the 1980s, little attempt has been made to systematically translate these findings into a comprehensive review of current knowledge and there have been few attempts to link such knowledge with policy decision-making.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There have been few attempts to link knowledge about networking and innovation with policy decision-making.
“Despite the significant number of studies that have been conducted in this general area, since the 1980s, little attempt has been made to systematically translate these findings into a comprehensive review of current knowledge and there have been few attempts to link such knowledge with policy decision-making.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Until recently insights into the dynamics of the relationship between networking and innovation have been fragmented.
“Until recently insights into the dynamics of this relationship have been fragmented.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Managerial networking across contexts impacts on the adoption of good practice.
“Managerial networking across contexts impacts on the adoption of good practice.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Networks are inherently dynamic.
“By recognising that networks are inherently dynamic, research could benefit from adopting a longitudinal approach.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For this step, the authors followed the quality criteria matrix as adopted by Pittaway et al. (2004).”
From Critical analysis of Big Data challenges and analytical methods (2017) · cites this paper as Pittaway et al. (2004)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The quality evaluation applies the quality assessment criteria in reference [51] (depicted in Section 2.4), and the quality assessment results are depicted in Table 6.”
From Semantic Terrain Segmentation in the Navigation Vision of Planetary Rovers—A Systematic Literature Review (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > METHODOLOGY
“After steps i to vii 174 citations remained in the A list.”
§ Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence BY > Additional information
“Vii A ranked 179 --B ranked -76 -C ranked -77 -Viii POST ABSTRACT CODING: 174 -5”
Citations
Cites
Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393553 · Cited by 35,728
Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness
Granovetter, M. (1985) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/228311 · Cited by 28,745
Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital
Coleman, J. S. (1988) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/228943 · Cited by 26,975
Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital
Coleman, J. S. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-7222-1.50005-2 · Cited by 21,751
Burt, R. S. (1992) · doi:10.4159/9780674029095 · Cited by 9,093
Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology
Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393988 · Cited by 8,499
Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition
Lazega, E., & Burt, R. S. (1995) · Revue Française de Sociologie · doi:10.2307/3322456 · Cited by 7,983
Teece, D. J. (1986) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2 · Cited by 7,842
Teece, D. J. (1993) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(93)90063-n · Cited by 7,243
The Economics of Industrial Innovation
Soete, L. L. G., & Freeman, C. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203357637 · Cited by 4,758
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Baldwin and Clark, 2000, The Power of Modularity
- 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<267::AID-SMJ89>3.0.CO;2-8 · DOI
- Bower D., 1996, Changing patterns of innovation in a process‐dominated industry, International Journal of Technology Management, 12, 209
- DTI, 2003, Innovation Report –‘Competing in the Global Economy: the Innovation Challenge’
- Pittaway L. Robertson M. Munir K. Denyer D.andNeely A.(2004). Networking and innovation: a systematic review of the literature.Advanced Institute of Management Research London http://www.aimresearch.org/aimforum.shtml
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Multi‐Dimensional Framework of Organizational Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Crossan, M. M., & Apaydın, M. (2009) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00880.x · Cited by 3,667
Critical analysis of Big Data challenges and analytical methods
Sivarajah, U., Kamal, M. M., Irani, Z., & Weerakkody, V. (2017) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.08.001 · Cited by 2,066
Entrepreneurship Education: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Pittaway, L., & Cope, J. (2007) · International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1177/0266242607080656 · Cited by 1,537
Self-citationSustainability-oriented innovation of SMEs: a systematic review
Klewitz, J., & Hansen, E. G. (2013) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.017 · Cited by 1,632
Innovation management measurement: A review
Adams, R. J., Bessant, J., & Phelps, R. (2006) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2006.00119.x · Cited by 1,473
Metadata
- Authors
- Pittaway, L., Robertson, M., Munir, K., Denyer, D., & Neely, A.
- Affiliations
- Lancaster University (GB)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Cranfield University (GB)
- London Business School (GB)
- Venue
- International Journal of Management Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 5-6
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 137-168
- ISSN
- 1460-8545 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2370
- OpenAlex
- W2128698837
- Cited by
- 1,747
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 129 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 102 · 2016: 106 · 2015: 101 · 2014: 101 · 2013: 103 · 2012: 93
- FWCI
- 15.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- eprints.lancs.ac.uk
- Locations
- International Journal of Management Reviews (publishedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Institute of Management Research, College of Business Administration Seoul National University
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategy and Innovation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
- Keywords
- business networking, innovation, inter-firm relationships, knowledge sharing, risk sharing, national innovation system, diffusion of innovations, supplier and customer relationships, innovation performance, network dynamics, complementary skills, property rights
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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