The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Molecular Biology of Axon Guidance
Abstract
Neuronal growth cones navigate over long distances along specific pathways to find their correct targets. The mechanisms and molecules that direct this pathfinding are the topics of this review. Growth cones appear to be guided by at least four different mechanisms: contact attraction, chemoattraction, contact repulsion, and chemorepulsion. Evidence is accumulating that these mechanisms act simultaneously and in a coordinated manner to direct pathfinding and that they are mediated by mechanistically and evolutionarily conserved ligand-receptor systems.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Synaptic Activity and the Construction of Cortical Circuits
Katz, L. C., & Shatz, C. J. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5290.1133 · Cited by 3,048
Franco, B., Guioli, S., Pragliola, A., Incerti, B., Bardoni, B., Tonlorenzi, R., Carrozzo, R., Maestrini, E., Pieretti, M., Taillon-Miller, P., et al. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/353529a0 · Cited by 846
Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on optic axon branching and remodelling in vivo
Cohen-Cory, S., & Fraser, S. E. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378192a0 · Cited by 580
Pimenta, A. F., Zhukareva, V., Barbe, M. F., Reinoso, B. S., Grimley, C., Henzel, W., Fischer, I., & Levitt, P. (1995) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90034-9 · Cited by 172
Cited by
Synaptic Activity and the Construction of Cortical Circuits
Katz, L. C., & Shatz, C. J. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5290.1133 · Cited by 3,048
VEGF guides angiogenic sprouting utilizing endothelial tip cell filopodia
Gerhardt, H., Golding, M., Fruttiger, M., Ruhrberg, C., Lundkvist, A., Abramsson, A., Jeltsch, M., Mitchell, C., Alitalo, K., Shima, D., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200302047 · Cited by 2,894
(2009) · Cited by 2,013
The induction of pain: an integrative review
Millan, M. J. (1999) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00048-3 · Cited by 1,774
DEVELOPMENT OF THE VERTEBRATE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
Sanes, J. R., & Lichtman, J. W. (1999) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.389 · Cited by 1,532
Molecular Aspects of Thyroid Hormone Actions
Cheng, S.-Y., Leonard, J. L., & Davis, P. J. (2010) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2009-0007 · Cited by 1,384
Schizophrenia as a Disorder of Neurodevelopment
Lewis, D. A., & Levitt, P. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142754 · Cited by 1,163
Common mechanisms of nerve and blood vessel wiring
Carmeliet, P., & Tessier-Lavigne, M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03875 · Cited by 1,085
Self-citationActin-based plasticity in dendritic spines
Matus, A. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5492.754 · Cited by 815
White Matter Changes in Schizophrenia: Evidence for Myelin-Related Dysfunction
Davis, K. L., Stewart, D. G., Friedman, J. I., Buchsbaum, M., Harvey, P. D., Hof, P. R., Buxbaum, J., & Haroutunian, V. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.443 · Cited by 793
Cortical rewiring and information storage
Chklovskii, D. B., Mel, B. W., & Svoboda, K. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03012 · Cited by 717
Gilman, S. R., Iossifov, I., Levy, D., Ronemus, M., Wigler, M., & Vitkup, D. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.021 · Cited by 701
Simerly, R. B. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142745 · Cited by 723
Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function
Chen, B. L., Hall, D. H., & Chklovskii, D. B. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506806103 · Cited by 650
The reinterpretation of dreams: An evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming
Revonsuo, A. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00004015 · Cited by 676
Actin Cytoskeleton Regulation in Neuronal Morphogenesis and Structural Plasticity
Luo, L. (2002) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.18.031802.150501 · Cited by 658
Mechanosensing is critical for axon growth in the developing brain
Koser, D. E., Thompson, A. J., Foster, S. K., Dwivedy, A., Pillai, E. K., Sheridan, G. K., Svoboda, H., Viana, M., Costa, L. D. F., Guck, J., et al. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4394 · Cited by 649
Trekking across the Brain: The Journey of Neuronal Migration
Ayala, R., Shu, T., & Tsai, L.-H. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.021 · Cited by 620
Stein, E., & Tessier-Lavigne, M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1058445 · Cited by 601
Self-citationRetractedCritical periods for experience-dependent synaptic scaling in visual cortex
Desai, N. S., Cudmore, R. H., Nelson, S. B., & Turrigiano, G. G. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn878 · Cited by 582
Ontogeny of the human central nervous system: What is happening when?
de Graaf-Peters, V. B., & Hadders-Algra, M. (2006) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.10.013 · Cited by 559
A Hox regulatory network establishes motor neuron pool identity and target-muscle connectivity
Dasen, J. S., Tice, B. C., Brenner-Morton, S., & Jessell, T. M. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.009 · Cited by 461
Topographic Maps are Fundamental to Sensory Processing
Kaas, J. H. (1997) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00094-4 · Cited by 478
Neuronal Intrinsic Mechanisms of Axon Regeneration
Liu, K., Tedeschi, A., Park, K. K., & He, Z. (2011) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113723 · Cited by 458
Li, Q., Peterson, K. R., Fang, X., & Stamatoyannopoulos, G. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-04-1104 · Cited by 456
Semaphorin Regulation of Cellular Morphology
Tran, T. S., Kolodkin, A. L., & Bharadwaj, R. (2007) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093554 · Cited by 388
Synchronous neuronal activity is a signal for axonal sprouting after cortical lesions in the adult
Carmichael, S. T., & Chesselet, M.-F. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-14-06062.2002 · Cited by 371
Graef, I. A., Wang, F., Charron, F., Chen, L., Neilson, J., Tessier-Lavigne, M., & Crabtree, G. R. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00390-8 · Cited by 379
Self-citationPlasticity of Cortical Projections after Stroke
Carmichael, S. T. (2003) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858402239592 · Cited by 378
Development of the locomotor network in zebrafish
Drapeau, P., Saint-Amant, L., Buss, R. R., Chong, M., McDearmid, J. R., & Brustein, E. (2002) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00075-8 · Cited by 376
Biological applications of microfluidic gradient devices
Kim, S., Kim, H. J., & Jeon, N. L. (2010) · Integrative Biology · doi:10.1039/c0ib00055h · Cited by 366
MAPS IN THE BRAIN: What Can We Learn from Them?
Chklovskii, D. B., & Koulakov, A. A. (2004) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144226 · Cited by 366
Semaphorin-Plexin Signaling Guides Patterning of the Developing Vasculature
Torres-Vázquez, J., Gitler, A. D., Fraser, S. D., Berk, J. D., Pham, V. N., Fishman, M. C., Childs, S., Epstein, J. A., & Weinstein, B. M. (2004) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2004.06.008 · Cited by 367
The Corticospinal System: From Development to Motor Control
Martin, J. H. (2005) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858404270843 · Cited by 358
Bonhoeffer, T., & Yuste, R. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00906-6 · Cited by 337
Measuring macroscopic brain connections in vivo
Jbabdi, S., Sotiropoulos, S. N., Haber, S. N., Van Essen, D. C., & Behrens, T. E. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4134 · Cited by 334
Dynamic actin-based epithelial adhesion and cell matching during Drosophila dorsal closure
Jacinto, A., Wood, W., Balayo, T., Turmaine, M., Martinez-Arias, A., & Martin, P. (2000) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00796-x · Cited by 315
Apoptotic Pathway and MAPKs Differentially Regulate Chemotropic Responses of Retinal Growth Cones
Campbell, D. S., & Holt, C. E. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00158-2 · Cited by 303
Calcium Signaling in Neuronal Motility
Zheng, J. Q., & Poo, M.-M. (2007) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123221 · Cited by 292
Nóbrega-Pereira, S., Kessaris, N., Du, T., Kimura, S., Anderson, S. A., & Marín, O. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.024 · Cited by 256
Wnt signaling in neural circuit assembly
Salinas, P. C., & Zou, Y. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125649 · Cited by 274
Neurogeometry and potential synaptic connectivity
STEPANYANTS, A., & CHKLOVSKII, D. (2005) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.05.006 · Cited by 254
Mechanisms of postnatal neurobiological development: Implications for human development
Webb, S. J., Monk, C. S., & Nelson, C. A. (2001) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn1902_2 · Cited by 272
Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation sites relay positional signals during mouse brain development
Howell, B. W., Herrick, T. M., Hildebrand, J. D., Zhang, Y., & Cooper, J. A. (2000) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00608-4 · Cited by 258
Neuronal and vascular interactions
Andreone, B. J., Lacoste, B., & Gu, C. (2015) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071714-033835 · Cited by 256
Vav family GEFs link activated ephs to endocytosis and axon guidance
Cowan, C. W., Shao, Y. R., Sahin, M., Shamah, S. M., Lin, M. Z., Greer, P. L., Gao, S., Griffith, E. C., Brugge, J. S., & Greenberg, M. E. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.03.019 · Cited by 246
Lechner, M. S., Begg, G. E., Speicher, D. W., & Rauscher, F. J. (2000) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.20.17.6449-6465.2000 · Cited by 210
Hevner, R. F., Miyashita‐Lin, E., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2002) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10219 · Cited by 202
Faissner, A., Pyka, M., Geissler, M., Sobik, T., Frischknecht, R., Gundelfinger, E. D., & Seidenbecher, C. (2010) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.01.001 · Cited by 207
Connecting Vascular and Nervous System Development: Angiogenesis and the Blood-Brain Barrier
Tam, S. J., & Watts, R. J. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-152829 · Cited by 197
Transcriptional Programs of Circuit Assembly in the Drosophila Visual System
Kurmangaliyev, Y. Z., Yoo, J., Valdes-Aleman, J., Sanfilippo, P., & Zipursky, S. L. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.10.006 · Cited by 166
Brain derived versican V2 is a potent inhibitor of axonal growth
Schmalfeldt, M., Bandtlow, C. E., Dours-Zimmermann, M. T., Winterhalter, K. H., & Zimmermann, D. R. (2000) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.113.5.807 · Cited by 197
Piper, M., & Holt, C. (2004) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.111746 · Cited by 196
FARP2 triggers signals for Sema3A-mediated axonal repulsion
Toyofuku, T., Yoshida, J., Sugimoto, T., Zhang, H., Kumanogoh, A., Hori, M., & Kikutani, H. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1596 · Cited by 191
Defects in pathfinding by cranial neural crest cells in mice lacking the neuregulin receptor ErbB4
Golding, J. P., Trainor, P., Krumlauf, R., & Gassmann, M. (2000) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35000058 · Cited by 181
Neurotrophins and neuronal differentiation in the central nervous system
McAllister, A. K. (2001) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/pl00000920 · Cited by 175
Saint-Amant, L., & Drapeau, P. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00416-0 · Cited by 170
Transcriptional regulation of vertebrate axon guidance and synapse formation
Polleux, F., Ince-Dunn, G., & Ghosh, A. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2118 · Cited by 168
The development of hippocampal interneurons in rodents
Danglot, L., Triller, A., & Marty, S. (2006) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20225 · Cited by 167
Marín, O., Plump, A. S., Flames, N., Sánchez-Camacho, C., Tessier-Lavigne, M., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2003) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.00417 · Cited by 156
Prefrontal cortical inputs to the basal amygdala undergo pruning during late adolescence in the rat
Cressman, V. L., Balaban, J., Steinfeld, S., Shemyakin, A., Graham, P., Parisot, N., & Moore, H. (2010) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.22359 · Cited by 161
A multiregional proteomic survey of the postnatal human brain
Carlyle, B. C., Kitchen, R. R., Kanyo, J. E., Voss, E. Z., Pletikos, M., Sousa, A. M. M., Lam, T. T., Gerstein, M. B., Sestan, N., & Nairn, A. C. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0011-2 · Cited by 143
The acquisition of motoneuron subtype identity and motor circuit formation
Landmesser, L. T. (2001) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0736-5748(00)00090-3 · Cited by 136
Molecular Parallels between Neural and Vascular Development
Eichmann, A., & Thomas, J.-L. (2013) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006551 · Cited by 133
Chondroitin sulfate E promotes neurite outgrowth of rat embryonic day 18 hippocampal neurons
Clement, A. M., Sugahara, K., & Faissner, A. (1999) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00432-2 · Cited by 127
Toward a Genetic Dissection of Cortical Circuits in the Mouse
Huang, Z. J. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.041 · Cited by 123
Farwell, A. P., Dubord-Tomasetti, S. A., Pietrzykowski, A. Z., Stachelek, S. J., & Leonard, J. L. (2005) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.07.016 · Cited by 123
The COUP-TF nuclear receptors regulate cell migration in the mammalian basal forebrain
Tripodi, M., Filosa, A., Armentano, M., & Studer, M. (2004) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.01530 · Cited by 117
Role of integrins in the peripheral nervous system
Previtali, S. C., Feltri, M. L., Archelos, J. J., Quattrini, A., Wrabetz, L., & Hartung, H.-P. (2001) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00045-9 · Cited by 122
Gil, O. D., Zanazzi, G., Struyk, A. F., & Salzer, J. L. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-22-09312.1998 · Cited by 111
Kolk, S. M., Gunput, R.-A. F., Tran, T. S., van den Heuvel, D. M. A., Prasad, A. A., Hellemons, A. J. C. G. M., Adolfs, Y., Ginty, D. D., Kolodkin, A. L., Burbach, J. P. H., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2521-09.2009 · Cited by 114
Assembloid models of cell-cell interaction to study tissue and disease biology
Onesto, M. M., Kim, J.-I., & Pasca, S. P. (2024) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2024.09.017 · Cited by 107
Feinstein, Y., Borrell, V., Garcia, C., Burstyn-Cohen, T., Tzarfaty, V., Frumkin, A., Nose, A., Okamoto, H., Higashijima, S.-I., Soriano, E., et al. (1999) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.126.16.3637 · Cited by 105
Wichterle, H., Alvarez-Dolado, M., Erskine, L., & Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.242721899 · Cited by 92
Vitureira, N., Andrés, R., Pérez-Martínez, E., Martínez, A., Bribián, A., Blasi, J., Chelliah, S., López-Doménech, G., De Castro, F., Burgaya, F., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012003 · Cited by 87
Synaptogenesis in the CNS: An Odyssey from Wiring Together to Firing Together
Munno, D. W., & Syed, N. I. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.045062 · Cited by 86
TGFβ-Smad2 Signaling Regulates the Cdh1-APC/SnoN Pathway of Axonal Morphogenesis
Stegmüller, J., Huynh, M. A., Yuan, Z., Konishi, Y., & Bonni, A. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3061-07.2008 · Cited by 86
Schäfer, M., Bräuer, A. U., Savaskan, N. E., Rathjen, F. G., & Brümmendorf, T. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2005.04.010 · Cited by 86
cAMP-Dependent Axon Guidance Is Distinctly Regulated by Epac and Protein Kinase A
Murray, A. J., Tucker, S. J., & Shewan, D. A. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3071-09.2009 · Cited by 80
García-Alonso, L., Romani, S., & Jiménez, F. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00150-1 · Cited by 79
Gil, O. D., Zhang, L., Chen, S., Ren, Y. Q., Pimenta, A., Zanazzi, G., Hillman, D., Levitt, P., & Salzer, J. L. (2002) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.10050 · Cited by 61
Yanagida, M., Miyoshi, R., Toyokuni, R., Zhu, Y., & Murakami, F. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1209166109 · Cited by 58
Sema4C, a Transmembrane Semaphorin, Interacts with a Post-synaptic Density Protein, PSD-95
Inagaki, S., Ohoka, Y., Sugimoto, H., Fujioka, S., Amazaki, M., Kurinami, H., Miyazaki, N., Tohyama, M., & Furuyama, T. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m009051200 · Cited by 63
Neurotransmitters and the Development of Neuronal Circuits
Ruediger, T., & Bolz, J. (2007) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76715-4_8 · Cited by 62
Keratinocytes produce IL-17c to protect peripheral nervous systems during human HSV-2 reactivation
Peng, T., Chanthaphavong, R. S., Sun, S., Trigilio, J. A., Phasouk, K., Jin, L., Layton, E. D., Li, A. Z., Correnti, C. E., De van der Schueren, W., et al. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20160581 · Cited by 60
Transcriptional Control of Neuronal Migration in the Developing Mouse Brain
Nobrega-Pereira, S., & Marin, O. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp044 · Cited by 57
Roles of LIM kinases in central nervous system function and dysfunction
Cuberos, H., Vallée, B., Vourc'h, P., Tastet, J., Andres, C. R., & Bénédetti, H. (2015) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2015.10.032 · Cited by 54
Witteveen, J. S., Middelman, A., van Hulten, J. A., Martens, G. J. M., Homberg, J. R., & Kolk, S. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00143 · Cited by 53
Plexin B3 promotes neurite outgrowth, interacts homophilically, and interacts with Rin
Hartwig, C., Veske, A., Krejcova, S., Rosenberger, G., & Finckh, U. (2005) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-6-53 · Cited by 53
MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase as an Autism Genetic Risk Factor
Peng, Y., Huentelman, M., Smith, C., & Qiu, S. (2013) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-418700-9.00005-8 · Cited by 49
Runko, E., & Kaprielian, Z. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2385-04.2004 · Cited by 36
Chen, G., Ahn, E. H., Kang, S. S., Xia, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., & Ye, K. (2022) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202103396 · Cited by 28
Light deprivation improves melatonin related suppression of hippocampal plasticity
Talaei, S. A., Sheibani, V., & Salami, M. (2010) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20650 · Cited by 27
Expression of Vema in the developing mouse spinal cord and optic chiasm
Runko, E., & Kaprielian, Z. (2002) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10356 · Cited by 24
Cheng, T.-W., Liu, X.-B., Faulkner, R. L., Stephan, A. H., Barres, B. A., Huberman, A. D., & Cheng, H.-J. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3455-10.2010 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Tessier-Lavigne, M., & Goodman, C. S.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1996-11-15
- Volume
- 274
- Issue
- 5290
- Pages
- 1123-1133
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2124248841
- Cited by
- 3,278
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 62.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.