The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bacterial infection causes stress-induced memory dysfunction in mice
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The brain-gut axis is a key regulator of normal intestinal physiology; for example, psychological stress is linked to altered gut barrier function, development of food allergies and changes in behaviour. Whether intestinal events, such as enteric bacterial infections and bacterial colonisation, exert a reciprocal effect on stress-associated behaviour is not well established. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of either acute enteric infection or absence of gut microbiota on behaviour, including anxiety and non-spatial memory formation. METHODS: Behaviour was assessed following infection with the non-invasive enteric pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium in both C57BL/6 mice and germ-free Swiss-Webster mice, in the presence or absence of acute water avoidance stress. Whether daily treatment with probiotics normalised behaviour was assessed, and potential mechanisms of action evaluated. RESULTS: No behavioural abnormalities were observed, either at the height of infection (10 days) or following bacterial clearance (30 days), in C rodentium-infected C57BL/6 mice. When infected mice were exposed to acute stress, however, memory dysfunction was apparent after infection (10 days and 30 days). Memory dysfunction was prevented by daily treatment of infected mice with probiotics. Memory was impaired in germ-free mice, with or without exposure to stress, in contrast to conventionally reared, control Swiss-Webster mice with an intact intestinal microbiota. CONCLUSIONS: The intestinal microbiota influences the ability to form memory. Memory dysfunction occurs in infected mice exposed to acute stress, while in the germ-free setting memory is altered at baseline.
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“Firstly, studies in germ-free (GF) animals showed that the brain is affected in the absence of microbiota (see Table 2) (Clarke et al., 2013;Diaz Heijtz et al., 2011;Gareau et al., 2011;Hegstrand and Hine, 1986;Neufeld et al., 2011;Sudo et al., 2004).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Gareau et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“In addition, these animals exhibit altered BDNF expression in the hippocampus (Bercik et al., 2011a;Diaz Heijtz et al., 2011;Gareau et al., 2011), which as stated earlier has an important role in synaptic plasticity and cognition (Baj et al., 2013;Lu et al., 2014;Neufeld et al., 2011), suggesting a crucial involvement of microbes in regulating hippocampal-dependent memory function.”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Gareau et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“In addition, these animals exhibit altered BDNF expression in the hippocampus (Bercik et al., 2011a;Diaz Heijtz et al., 2011;Gareau et al., 2011), which as stated earlier has an important role in synaptic plasticity and cognition (Baj et al., 2013;Lu et al., 2014;Neufeld et al., 2011), suggesting a crucial involvement of microbes in regulating hippocampal-dependent memory function.”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Gareau et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“It has been shown that GF mice exhibit an impaired ability to remember a familiar object when presented with a novel object (Gareau et al., 2011;Luk et al., 2018), as well as impaired working memory in remembering a familiar environment in the spontaneous alternation task (Gareau et al., 2011).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Gareau et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“It has been shown that GF mice exhibit an impaired ability to remember a familiar object when presented with a novel object (Gareau et al., 2011;Luk et al., 2018), as well as impaired working memory in remembering a familiar environment in the spontaneous alternation task (Gareau et al., 2011).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Gareau et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Indeed, different Lactobacillus strains were capable of restoring deficits in object recognition memory induced by chronic restraint stress (Liang et al., 2015a), as well as preventing these deficits in GF mice (Gareau et al., 2011), in a mouse model of colitis (Emge et al., 2016), and in immunodeficient mice (Smith et al., 2014).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Gareau et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“BDNF expression as measured by immunohistochemistry was decreased in the CA1 hippocampal brain area in GF stressed mice compared to stressed controls (Gareau et al., 2011).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Gareau et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“An increasing body of preclinical and human evidence demonstrates that the MGB axis plays important roles in the development and maintenance of various components of cognition (191, 362, 375).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [362]
In the citing paper
“The introduction of pathogenic bacteria reduced cognitive abilities and heightened anxiety-like behaviors (362, 363).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [362]
In the citing paper
“This deficit was prevented by daily administration of a Lactobacillus sp. probiotic combination before infection.”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [362]
In the citing paper
“Gareau et al. demonstrated impaired short-term recognition and working memory in 5 to 6-week-old germ-free mice when compared to conventionally reared counterparts (362).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [362]
In the citing paper
“Studies in germ-free mice have shown that, in the absence of microbes, the brain is markedly affected, exhibiting deficits in learning, memory formation and recognition, and social and emotional behaviors (58, 123, 124, 362).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [362]
In the citing paper
“Germ-free mice present with social cognitive deficits, which may be associated with biochemical changes, such as decreased hippocampal BDNF and c-FOS expression, important in memory (124, 362, 376, 377).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [362]
In the citing paper
“Administration of C. rodentium, combined with acute stress, led to memory dysfunction in young adult germ-free mice (362).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [362]
In the citing paper
“For example, Gareau et al. demonstrated a lack of memory in germ-free mice in the T-maze test and novel object test in situations with or without stress (362).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [362]
In the citing paper
“These studies show that rodents lacking all gut bacteria from birth (germ-free animals) have memory deficits28 and behavioral abnormalities29, 30 when compared to animals with normal gut microbiota.”
From The relation between cesarean birth and child cognitive development (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Interestingly, these cognitive deficits in rodents can be corrected through the colonization of the intestine via a fecal transplant from the control group, but only if it occurs early in life.”
From The relation between cesarean birth and child cognitive development (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
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“A study by Savignac et ) [41] prevent the drop in hippocampal BDNF expression prevent stress-induced memory deficits in C. rodentium -infected mice B. longum 1714 [59] need further investigation improve the ability of learning and memory in an anxious mouse B. breve 1205 [59] need further…”
InfluentialGut instincts: microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration
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“In the hippocampus, the changes in Bdnf levels documented are inconsistent with some studies reporting an increase (Neufeld et al. 2011), whereas most others show a decrease in expression (Sudo et al. 2004; Diaz Heijtz et al. 2011; Gareau et al. 2011; Clarke et al. 2013).”
BackgroundResultThe role of microbiome in central nervous system disorders
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“Moreover, hippocampus neurogenesis regulation was also connected with gut microbiota (Gareau et al., 2011).”
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BackgroundBrain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Pharmaceutical Potential
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“Since NMDA receptors in the hippocampus are implicated in long-term memory consolidation,(5) these results are in good accordance with those of a study which recently demonstrated memory impairments in such germ-free mice.(6) Interestingly, similar brain modifications have also been described in animals following stre…”
ResultCollective unconscious: How gut microbes shape human behavior
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“Compared to SPF controls, GF mice exhibited decreased working memory behavior in the novel object recognition task (Gareau et al. 2011).”
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“Several studies demonstrated that gut dysbiosis correlates with reduced expression of BDNF, which alters cognitive function and triggers anxiety-like behavior in germ-free animals (45,46), supporting a role of BDNF in the gut–brain axis.”
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“Recent demonstrations of the ability of the intestinal microbiota in mice to influence brain development (9), neurochemistry (10), and cognitive (11) and emotive (12) functions have prompted consideration of a microbiota gut-brain axis (13).”
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“longed memory dysfunction (Gareau et al., 2011).”
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Mild cognitive impairment has similar alterations as Alzheimer's disease in gut microbiota
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Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer’s disease
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“Mice exposed to acute stress also showed memory impairment [88].”
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“Anxiolytic effect of B. longum is dependent on vagus nerve integrity Bercik et al. (2011b) Trichuris Muris infection Mouse, AKR Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 L. rhamnosus N/A N/A Infected mice displayed increased anxiety-like behaviour B. longum, but not L. rhamnosus normalizes anxiety-like behavior Dcreased hippocam…”
Microbes and mental health: A review
Rieder, R., Wisniewski, P. J., Alderman, B. L., & Campbell, S. C. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.016 · Cited by 446
“However, two additional studies involving Swiss Webster female mice reported decreases (Gareau et al., 2011) and increases in BDNF”
BackgroundSavignac, H. M., Kiely, B., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2014) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.12427 · Cited by 418
The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders
Zhu, S., Jiang, Y., Xu, K., Cui, M., Ye, W., Zhao, G., Jin, L., & Chen, X. (2020) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-020-1705-z · Cited by 419
“C57BL/6 mice and CF1 mice Citrobacter rodentidum infection Increase anxiety and memory dysfunction [129, 131] Zhu et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSignalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Rusch, J. A., Layden, B. T., & Dugas, L. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689 · Cited by 415
Microbes and the gut‐brain axis
Bercik, P., Collins, S. M., & Verdu, E. F. (2012) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01906.x · Cited by 417
Pärtty, A., Kalliomäki, M., Wacklin, P., Salminen, S., & Isolauri, E. (2015) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2015.51 · Cited by 397
Relationship between the gut microbiome and brain function
Mohajeri, M. H., La Fata, G., Steinert, R. E., & Weber, P. (2018) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuy009 · Cited by 376
The mucosal immune system: master regulator of bidirectional gut-brain communications
Powell, N., Walker, M. M., & Talley, N. J. (2017) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.191 · Cited by 379
Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in nervous system disorders
Mirzaei, R., Bouzari, B., Hosseini‐Fard, S. R., Mazaheri, M., Ahmadyousefi, Y., Abdi, M., Jalalifar, S., Karimitabar, Z., Teimoori, A., Keyvani, H., et al. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111661 · Cited by 408
Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota
Hu, X., Wang, T., & Jin, F. (2016) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-016-5083-9 · Cited by 371
The gut microbiome and diet in psychiatry: focus on depression
Dash, S., Clarke, G., Berk, M., & Jacka, F. N. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000117 · Cited by 369
“Given the ability of the gut microbiota to influence serotonin and its precursor, tryptophan [53], regulate the stress response [54,55] and modulate cognition [56,57] and behaviour [58 & ,59], the potential importance of the gut microbiota to psychiatry in general and to depression specifically is apparent.”
BackgroundThomas, S., Izard, J., Walsh, E. K., Batich, K. A., Chongsathidkiet, P., Clarke, G. A., Sela, D. A., Muller, A. J., Mullin, J. M., Albert, K., et al. (2017) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2929 · Cited by 400
“, fiber-rich foods that can influence the microbiome) can also exert anxiolytic effects (215), while bacterial infection with an enteric pathogen can impact both learning and memory (211) and modulate pain behaviors (216).”
BackgroundBifidobacteria modulate cognitive processes in an anxious mouse strain
Savignac, H. M., Tramullas, M., Kiely, B., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.02.044 · Cited by 365
Gubert, C., Kong, G., Renoir, T., & Hannan, A. J. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104621 · Cited by 387
Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Neuroinflammation and the Blood–Brain Barrier
Dyken, P. C. V., & Lacoste, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00930 · Cited by 377
The impact of the microbiota-gut-brain axis on Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology
Doifode, T., Giridharan, V. V., Generoso, J. S., Bhatti, G., Collodel, A., Schulz, P. E., Forlenza, O. V., & Barichello, T. (2021) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105314 · Cited by 347
Zhu, F., Guo, R., Wang, W., Ju, Y., Wang, Q., Ma, Q., Sun, Q., Fan, Y., Xie, Y., Yang, Z., et al. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0475-4 · Cited by 323
Voices from within: gut microbes and the CNS
Forsythe, P., & Kunze, W. A. (2013) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-012-1028-z · Cited by 336
“Effects of gut bacteria in adults include protection from the central effects of infection and inflammation [86, [82, 76], as well as modulation of normal behavioral responses of the animals [81].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEffect of probiotics on central nervous system functions in animals and humans: a systematic review
Wang, H., Lee, I.-S., Braun, C., & Enck, P. (2016) · Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.5056/jnm16018 · Cited by 334
“casei decreased it in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus region and alleviated stress responses.(45,50) Neurotransmitters 5-HT, DA, and GABA are closely related to psychiatric conditions, and were influenced directly by many strains of probiotic (L.”
BackgroundInfluentialNoble, E. E., Hsu, T. M., & Kanoski, S. E. (2017) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00009 · Cited by 333
“The gut microbiome has emerged as a major contributor to cognitive health (Gareau et al., 2011; Bajaj et al., 2012; Bruce-Keller et al., 2015; Desbonnet et al., 2015; Fröhlich et al., 2016) and is affected by dietary factors (Daniel et al., 2014; David et al., 2014; Bruce-Keller et al., 2015;…”
BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?
Kennedy, P. J. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14105 · Cited by 347
The Impact of Microbiota on Brain and Behavior: Mechanisms & Therapeutic Potential
Borre, Y. E., Moloney, R. D., Clarke, G., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2014) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_17 · Cited by 329
The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Alzheimer’s Disease: Neuroinflammation Is to Blame?
Megur, A., Baltriukienė, D., Bukelskienė, V., & Burokas, A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010037 · Cited by 323
“Campylobacter rodentium ↓ C57BL/6 mice Led to stress and contributed to behavioral abnormalities [105]”
BackgroundThe neuroendocrinology of the microbiota-gut-brain axis: a behavioural perspective
Cussotto, S., Sandhu, K. V., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.04.002 · Cited by 326
“rodentium in conventionally colonised mice was able to generate stress-induced memory dysfunction (Gareau et al., 2011).”
BackgroundThe Lactobacillus casei group: history and health related applications
Hill, D., Sugrue, I., Tobin, C., Hill, C., Stanton, C., & Ross, R. P. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02107 · Cited by 318
“BSH activity has been found in L. casei but is not always present (Gilliland and Speck, 1977; Zhang et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2011).”
BackgroundGut microbiota in neurodegenerative disorders
Sarkar, S. R., & Banerjee, S. (2019) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.01.004 · Cited by 325
Neuroplasticity and dysfunction after gastrointestinal inflammation
Brierley, S. M., & Linden, D. R. (2014) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2014.103 · Cited by 310
Microbiota-gut-brain axis and the central nervous system
Zhu, X., Han, Y., Du, J., Liu, R., Jin, K., & Yi, W. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.17754 · Cited by 308
“The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), c-fos levels are reduced in sterile mice [26], and these substances have a role in memory retention, cognitive function, and other brain functions.”
BackgroundModulation of Gut Microbiota–Brain Axis by Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Diet
Liu, X., Cao, S., & Zhang, X. (2015) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02404 · Cited by 304
The gut microbiome composition associates with bipolar disorder and illness severity
Evans, S. J., Bassis, C. M., Hein, R., Assari, S., Flowers, S. A., Kelly, M., Young, V. B., Ellingrod, V. E., & McInnis, M. G. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.007 · Cited by 318
“Disruption of the mouse enteric microbiota by infection can mediate stress-induced memory dysfunction and this can be normalized by probiotic (12) and prebiotic treatment (13).”
Microbiota regulation of the mammalian gut-brain axis
Burokas, A., Moloney, R. D., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2015) · Advances in applied microbiology · doi:10.1016/bs.aambs.2015.02.001 · Cited by 300
Yarandi, S., Peterson, D. A., Treisman, G. J., Moran, T. H., & Pasricha, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.5056/jnm15146 · Cited by 308
“Mice infected with Citrobacter rodentium show impairment of cognitive function that can be reversed with probiotics.(117) Diabetic rats are known to have impaired memory and learning”
BackgroundYang, I. H., Corwin, E. J., Brennan, P. A., Jordan, S., Murphy, J. R., & Dunlop, A. L. (2015) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000133 · Cited by 310
“Rodent studies have identified deficits in social functioning (Desbonnet, Clarke, Shanahan, Dinan, & Cryan, 2014) and working memory (Gareau et al., 2011) in animals born microbiota-free.”
BackgroundO’Mahony, S. M., Felice, V. D., Nally, K., Savignac, H. M., Claesson, M. J., Scully, P., Woznicki, J., Hyland, N. P., Shanahan, F., Quigley, E. M., et al. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.054 · Cited by 272
“Germ-free mice also show memory deficits (Gareau et al., 2011) and social deficits of relevance to autism (Desbonnet et al.”
BackgroundCross talk: the microbiota and neurodevelopmental disorders
Kelly, J. R., Minuto, C., Cryan, J. F., Clarke, G., & Dinan, T. G. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00490 · Cited by 271
Hoban, A. E., Moloney, R. D., Golubeva, A. V., McVey Neufeld, K. A., O’Sullivan, O., Patterson, E., Stanton, C., Dinan, T. G., Clarke, G., & Cryan, J. F. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.003 · Cited by 270
“This highlights again that timing of depletion can have varying effects on behavioral outcome as we see a subtle profile of cognitive impairment following microbiota-depletion during adulthood which is apparent in the MWM but not the NOR.”
InfluentialPellegrini, C., Antonioli, L., Colucci, R., Blandizzi, C., & Fornai, M. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1856-5 · Cited by 270
“Other pioneering studies have shown that GF mice are characterized by a decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin involved in neurogenesis, neuronal survival, differentiation, growth, and synaptic plasticity, in the cortex, amygdala and hippocampus [34, 68, 94].”
BackgroundKim, Y., & Shin, C. (2018) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666170915141036 · Cited by 281
“GF mice exhibit defective memory and cognitive abilities, with or without exposure to stress [93].”
BackgroundNishino, R., Mikami, K., Takahashi, H., Tomonaga, S., Furuse, M., Hiramoto, T., Aiba, Y., Koga, Y., & Sudo, N. (2013) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.12110 · Cited by 266
Zhang, Y., Huang, R., Cheng, M., Wang, L., Chao, J., Li, J., Zheng, P., Xie, P., Zhang, Z., & Yao, H. (2019) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0733-3 · Cited by 263
The gut microbiota: A treasure for human health
Li, D., Wang, P., Wang, P., Hu, X., & Chen, F. (2016) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.08.003 · Cited by 271
“These findings provide strong evidence for the existence of amicrobiota-gut-brain axis and underscore the essential role of gut microbiota in the regulation of its homeostasis (Clarke et al., 2013; Gareau et al., 2011).”
BackgroundCommunication between gastrointestinal bacteria and the nervous system
Bravo, J. A., Julio-Pieper, M., Forsythe, P., Kunze, W., Dinan, T. G., Bienenstock, J., & Cryan, J. F. (2012) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2012.09.010 · Cited by 261
“rodentium in mice [23 ].”
BackgroundRonan, V., Yeasin, R., & Claud, E. C. (2020) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.065 · Cited by 278
“In murine models dysbiosis results in impairments that last into adulthood, including in fear extinction, object recognition memory and working memory (48,49,50).”
BackgroundLiu, Y.-W., Liong, M., Chung, Y.-C. E., Huang, H.-Y., Peng, W.-S., Cheng, Y.-F., Lin, Y.-S., Wu, Y., & Tsai, Y.-C. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11040820 · Cited by 272
“By conducting behavioral tests in animal models, psychobiotic strains were reported to improve depression-like behaviors [47–49], anxiety-like behaviors [30,47–52], memory [53,54], cognition [55], and autism-like behaviors [56].”
BackgroundSeverance, E. G., Yolken, R. H., & Eaton, W. W. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.027 · Cited by 260
“Thus, the mechanisms by which microorganisms located at anatomical sites apart from the brain might impact neuronal connections are not known, but are surmised to involve metabolic, endocrine (cortisol), immunological or neuronal (vagus, enteric) routes (Clarke et al., 2013; Collins et al., 2012; Cryan and Dinan, 2012…”
BackgroundThe intestinal microbiome, probiotics and prebiotics in neurogastroenterology
Saulnier, D. M., Ringel, Y., Heyman, M. B., Foster, J. A., Bercik, P., Shulman, R. J., Versalovic, J., Verdu, E. F., Dinan, T. G., Hecht, G., et al. (2013) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.4161/gmic.22973 · Cited by 248
“Memory dysfunction was prevented by daily administration of a probiotic cocktail.(37) A role for the gut microbiota in pain perception has also been proposed.”
BackgroundVitamin D Deficiency Promotes Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Intestinal Inflammation
Assa, A., Vong, L., Pinnell, L. J., Avitzur, N., Johnson‐Henry, K. C., & Sherman, P. M. (2014) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu235 · Cited by 239
“ers against mouse β-actin (housekeeping gene), interleukin 10, interleukin 17a (IL-17a), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon γ, and transforming growth factor β were used [26].”
MethodSelf-citationGut Dysbiosis in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
Morita, C., Tsuji, H., Hata, T., Gondo, M., Takakura, S., Kawai, K., Yoshihara, K., Ogata, K., Nomoto, K., Miyazaki, K., et al. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145274 · Cited by 238
“Gut microbiota not only play a critical role in the development of the gut mucosal immunity [7, 8], but also affect the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [9] and additional behaviors [10–14].”
The Microbiome in Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience
Sarkar, A., Harty, S., Lehto, S. M., Moeller, A. H., Dinan, T. G., Dunbar, R., Cryan, J. F., & Burnet, P. W. J. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.04.006 · Cited by 238
“An early demonstration of the bacteria-cognition relationship showed impairments in tests of memory and reductions in hippocampal BDNF in germ-free mice compared to normally colonised mice[74].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Gareau, M. G., Wine, E., Rodrigues, D. M., Cho, J. H., Whary, M. T., Philpott, D. J., MacQueen, G., & Sherman, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Sherman, Philip M
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2010-10-21
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 307-317
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- OpenAlex
- W2170856053
- Cited by
- 909
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 7.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- enteric bacterial infection, Citrobacter rodentium, gut microbiota, germ-free mice, non-spatial memory, anxiety, water avoidance stress, probiotics, gut-brain axis, acute stress
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anxiety, Behavior, Animal, Colon, Corticosterone, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Feces, Female, Germ-Free Life, Hippocampus, Hyperplasia, Memory Disorders, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Stress, Psychological, Cytokines, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Inflammation Mediators, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Probiotics, Citrobacter rodentium, Mice
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