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A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION
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“Mothers were deemed eligible if they had a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria, received a score ≥ 15 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D 25-item version)[33] and were the custodial parent of a 7–18-year-old child receiving psychiatric treatment for an internalizing disorder.”
From ROLE OF MATERNAL CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON PARENTING AMONG DEPRESSED MOTHERS OF PSYCHIATRICALLY ILL CHILDREN: Research Article: Maternal Depression and Childhood Trauma (2013) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While each of these instruments is well-validated for assessing overall suicide risk, none were developed to assess short-term changes in SI.”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The HDRS-17 (33), one of the methods most commonly employed to measures change in depressive symptoms severity in treatment for depression clinical trials, was derived from the HDRS-28, and used as dependent variable.”
From Monitoring Changes in Depression Severity Using Wearable and Mobile Sensors (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is in accordance with Aaron Beck's famous contention that depression is not only manifested in a negative self-appraisal but also involves negative cognitions about the world and the future.”
From The more it is needed, the less it is wanted: Attitudes toward face-to-face intervention among depressed patients undergoing online treatment (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“greater depression severity, as assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; Hamilton, 1960), was an independent predictor of TSST-induced increases in both IL-6 and NFκ B while adjusting for the effects of early life stress on inflammatory activity”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Hamilton, 1960
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The Hamilton Rating Scales for Anxiety (HAM‐A) (Hamilton, 1959) and Depression (HAM‐D, 17‐item version) (Hamilton, 1960) were used to quantify the degree of anxiety and depression, respectively.”
From Differences in response inhibition between medication-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without sensory phenomena (2026) · cites this paper as Hamilton, 1960
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The HAM-D consists of 21 items but is scored on the first 17 items.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The higher the score, the greater the severity of depressive symptoms.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The HAM-D is an observer-administered instrument to assess the severity of depressive symptoms.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies with psychiatric samples show substantial correlation coefficients for BDI and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS; [23] ) ranging from r = .61 to .81; the mean correlation coefficient is r = .73. [22] Internal consistency for both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric populations is above .8. [24]”
From The more it is needed, the less it is wanted: Attitudes toward face-to-face intervention among depressed patients undergoing online treatment (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The interpretation of the total score is such that the score of 0–7 indicates normal, 8–16 denotes mild depression, 17–23 indicates moderate depression, and 24 and above denotes severe depression (42).”
From The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of alcohol use disorder among adult males: a randomized controlled trial comparing with acceptance and commitment therapy and treatment as usual (2023) · cites this paper as [42]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“While each of these instruments is well-validated for assessing overall suicide risk, none were developed to assess short-term changes in SI.”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“For example, most of the literature exploring the anti-suicidal effects of ketamine used single items from the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS; specifically, Item 10) (23) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D; specifically, Item 3) (24) as well as longer, suicide-specific measures such as the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) (25) and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“The symptomatic severity of BD was evaluated with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) (26) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (27). To make sure the quality and reliability of the assessment, it was performed by the same well-trained researcher (Zhaoyu Gan) on all the cases.”
From Are serum levels of inflammatory markers associated with the severity of symptoms of bipolar disorder? (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Studies suggest that tobacco smokers have higher β2*-nAChR availability compared with non-smokers in non-psychiatric populations (34) which normalizes by 6–12 weeks of abstinence (44).”
From Persistent β 2 *-Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptor Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“In addition, the severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) [26].”
From Plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and related primary fatty acid amides in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“several symptom scales were developed for use within clinical samples only and may vary minimally in undiagnosed participants [12], [13]”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“several symptom scales were developed for use within clinical samples only and may vary minimally in undiagnosed participants [12], [13]”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“We chose daily evening administration to model the normal circadian variation in endogenous leptin, which is characterized by a pulsatile circadian rhythm with marked nocturnal rise (19).”
From Phenotypic effects of leptin replacement on morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and behavior in leptin-deficient adults (2004) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Baseline depression severity [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAMD (92)] predicted EMA-assessed sad mood and negative thoughts (incl. suicidal ideation) (81).”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [92]
In the citing paper
“the degree of depression was established using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (Table 1) [12].”
From Home-based psychiatric outpatient care through videoconferencing for depression: a randomized controlled follow-up trial (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
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Citations
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Hamilton, M., and White, J. (1959). J. ment. Sci., 105, 955.
Hamilton, M. ;. W. (1959) · J. ment. Sci
UnresolvedUnpublished data
Hamilton, M. ;. W. (1960)
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“The cutoff points of 10, 19, 27, and 35 of the HRSD24 indicate mild, moderate, severe, and very severe depression, respectively [50-52].”
BackgroundMeasurement of Depressive Rumination and Associated Constructs
Luminet, O. (2003) · Depressive Rumination · doi:10.1002/9780470713853.ch10 · Cited by 87
Clinical correlates of early-onset and late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety
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Adherence to Depression Treatment in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Sirey, J. A., Banerjee, S., Marino, P., Bruce, M. L., Halkett, A., Turnwald, M., Chiang, C., Liles, B., Artis, A., Blow, F., et al. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3047 · Cited by 87
Attention and cognition in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder
DE GEUS, F., DENYS, D. A. J. P., SITSKOORN, M. M., & WESTENBERG, H. G. M. (2007) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01609.x · Cited by 83
Adherence to continuation and maintenance antidepressant use in recurrent depression
ten Doesschate, M. C., Bockting, C. L. H., & Schene, A. H. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.07.011 · Cited by 86
Altered Serum Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18 in Depressive Disorder Patients
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BDNF genetic variants and methylation: effects on cognition in major depressive disorder
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Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for depression: Many candidates, few finalists
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Cognitive deficits are associated with functional impairment in severely depressed patients
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Changes in daily life experience associated with clinical improvement in depression
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Group treatment for postpartum depression: a systematic review
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“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD17) (Hamilton, 1960) was associated with a significantly greater magnitude of symptom reduction; while for patients treated with placebo, a higher initial severity was…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBeyazyüz, M., Albayrak, Y., Eğilmez, O. B., Albayrak, N., & Beyazyüz, E. (2013) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2013.10.2.148 · Cited by 83
Meta-Analysis of the English Version of the Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition
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Bright light therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial
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“Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. at least 1 week of treatment and provided at least 1 postbaseline assessment of the HDRS. Linear mixed-model analyses were used to analyze the effect of the intervention on the different outcome variables.”
MethodInfluentialFlint, A. J., Meyers, B. S., Rothschild, A. J., Whyte, E. M., Alexopoulos, G. S., Rudorfer, M. V., Marino, P., Banerjee, S., Pollari, C. D., Wu, Y., et al. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.10517 · Cited by 85
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Psilocybin‐assisted group therapy in patients with cancer diagnosed with a major depressive disorder
Agrawal, M., Richards, W., Beaussant, Y., Shnayder, S., Ameli, R., Roddy, K., Stevens, N., Richards, B., Schor, N., Honstein, H., et al. (2024) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.35010 · Cited by 88
Redei, E. E., Andrus, B. M., Kwasny, M. J., Seok, J., Cai, X., Ho, J., & Mohr, D. C. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.66 · Cited by 83
Neuropsychological characteristics as predictors of SSRI treatment response in depressed subjects
Gorlyn, M., Keilp, J. G., Grunebaum, M. F., Taylor, B. P., Oquendo, M. A., Bruder, G. E., Stewart, J. W., Zalsman, G., & Mann, J. J. (2008) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-008-0084-x · Cited by 84
“Subjects had a minimum 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (Hamilton, 1960) score of 16 at time of study entry.”
MethodInfluentialRole of melatonin in mood disorders and the antidepressant effects of agomelatine
Srinivasan, V., De Berardis, D., Shillcutt, S. D., & Brzezinski, A. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.2012.711314 · Cited by 84
Sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant drugs
Baldwin, D. S. (2004) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740338.3.5.457 · Cited by 84
Pearson, R., Pisner, D., Meyer, B., Shumake, J., & Beevers, C. G. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171800315x · Cited by 81
“Machine learning was used to predict three treatment outcomes: the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; Hamilton, 1960), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS; Sheehan et al ., 1996), and the Well-Being subscale of the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDAS; Watson et al ., 2008).”
MethodAssessing expectancy and suggestibility in a trial of escitalopram v. psilocybin for depression
Szigeti, B., Weiss, B., Rosas, F. E., Erritzoe, D., Nutt, D., & Carhart-Harris, R. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723003653 · Cited by 89
“Specifically, on the HAM-D scale, each standard deviation ( ∼ 22 points on the expectancy scale) increase in expectancy is associated with 3.91 points reduction in depression scores, etc. Conversely, in the psilocybin arm, we found no significant interaction between expectancy and timepoint when predicting outcomes on…”
InfluentialImaging the effect of ketamine on synaptic density (SV2A) in the living brain
Holmes, S. E., Finnema, S. J., Naganawa, M., DellaGioia, N., Holden, D., Fowles, K., Davis, M., Ropchan, J., Emory, P., Ye, Y., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01465-2 · Cited by 78
“The HAMD-17 [46], MADRS [47], and BDI [48] were used to assess participants’ mood at screening, at baseline scan, immediately after ketamine infusion, and 24 h after ketamine administration (as well as 1 week and 1 month post-ketamine for clinical participants).”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Hamilton, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hamilton, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1960-02-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 56-62
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC495331
- OpenAlex
- W2114613490
- Semantic Scholar
- b292a2f25e64c16d40374236c95475d44a2c0bd1
- Cited by
- 32,817
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1044 · 2025: 1239 · 2024: 1266 · 2023: 1197 · 2022: 1212 · 2021: 1286 · 2020: 1248 · 2019: 1096 · 2018: 1125 · 2017: 1043 · 2016: 1124 · 2015: 1146 · 2014: 1189 · 2013: 1172 · 2012: 1038
- FWCI
- 20.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- depression, rating scales, depression assessment, psychometric assessment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Psychometrics
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