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A Survey of Presence and Related Concepts
Abstract
The presence construct, most commonly defined as the sense of “being there,” has driven research and development of virtual environments (VEs) for decades. Despite that, there is not widespread agreement on how to define or operationalize this construct. The literature contains many different definitions of presence and many proposed measures for it. This article reviews many of the definitions, measures, and models of presence from the literature. We also review several related constructs, including social presence, copresence, immersion, agency, transportation, reality judgment, and embodiment. In addition, we present a meta-analysis of existing presence models and propose a model of presence informed by Slater’s Place Illusion and Plausibility Illusion constructs.
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Plausibility Illusion in Virtual Environments
Skarbez, R. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/2mg3-gh93 · Cited by 27
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(1976)
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Construction of the Virtual Embodiment Questionnaire (VEQ)
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Breaking The Experience: Effects of Questionnaires in VR User Studies
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Metadata
- Authors
- Skarbez, R., Brooks, Jr., & Whitton, M. C.
- Venue
- ACM Computing Surveys
- Published
- 2017-11-14
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1-39
- ISSN
- 0360-0300 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7341
- OpenAlex
- W2770761158
- Cited by
- 549
- References
- 131
- FWCI
- 38.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
