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MicroRNAs: Roles in Regulating Neuroinflammation
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that broadly affect cellular and physiological function in all multicellular organisms. Here, the role of miRNAs in neuroinflammation is considered. miRNAs are 21- to 23-oligonucleotide RNAs that regulate translation of specific RNAs by binding to complementary regulatory RNA sequences, thereby causing mRNA degradation or sequestration. More than 5000 miRNAs likely exist in humans, and each miRNA binds an average of 200 RNAs. Specific immunomodulatory miRNAs can regulate a set of RNAs in a coordinated manner, suggesting that effective miRNA-based therapeutic manipulations for neuroinflammatory conditions may be revealed. For instance, miRNAs that preferentially inhibit translation of many cellular anti-inflammatory proteins could drive a pro-inflammatory response. Key pro-inflammatory ( miR-155, miR-27b, miR-326), anti-inflammatory ( miR-124, miR-146a, miR-21, miR-223), and mixed immunomodulatory ( let-7 family) miRNAs regulate neuroinflammation in various pathologies, including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease. miRNAs represent a newly revealed layer of physiological complexity, the therapeutic benefits of which remain to be fully explored and exploited. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in neuroinflammatory regulation and discuss how controlling miRNAs could alter cellular machinery to improve neuroinflammatory dynamics.
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“MiR-155 promotes neurotoxicity and pro-inflammatory M1 polarization of microglia through activation of astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages (Gaudet et al. 2018).”
From MiR-124 and MiR-155 as Therapeutic Targets in Microglia-Mediated Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis (2025) · cites this paper as Gaudet et al. 2018
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In the citing paper
“MiR-124 suppresses cell proliferation and increases cell differentiation by regulating neural differentiation (Gaudet et al. 2018).”
From MiR-124 and MiR-155 as Therapeutic Targets in Microglia-Mediated Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis (2025) · cites this paper as Gaudet et al. 2018
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The microRNA (miRNA) as a class of non-coding RNAs plays essential roles in post-transcriptional regulation and controls the neuroinflammatory process through activation of microglia (Gaudet et al. 2018; Gebert and MacRae 2019).”
From MiR-124 and MiR-155 as Therapeutic Targets in Microglia-Mediated Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis (2025) · cites this paper as Gaudet et al. 2018
In the citing paper
“The miRNAs regulate the neuroinflammatory process by activating microglia and astrocyte proliferation, in addition to controlling the activity of peripheral immune cells such as neutrophils, leukocytes, macrophages, and B and T cells (Gaudet et al. 2018).”
From MiR-124 and MiR-155 as Therapeutic Targets in Microglia-Mediated Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis (2025) · cites this paper as Gaudet et al. 2018
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Sorted by citations
MiR-155: An Important Regulator of Neuroinflammation
Zingale, V. D., Gugliandolo, A., & Mazzon, E. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23010090 · Cited by 163
ccf-mtDNA as a Potential Link Between the Brain and Immune System in Neuro-Immunological Disorders
Gambardella, S., Limanaqi, F., Ferese, R., Biagioni, F., Campopiano, R., Centonze, D., & Fornai, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01064 · Cited by 141
MiR-124 and MiR-155 as Therapeutic Targets in Microglia-Mediated Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis
Asl, E. R., Hosseini, S. E., Tahmasebi, F., Bolandi, N., & Barati, S. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-025-01578-6 · Cited by 19
Cell-specific MicroRNA networks orchestrate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Donepudi, K., Eadha, S., Rodarte, D., Sharma, B., & Kumar, S. (2026) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2026.103211
Metadata
- Authors
- Gaudet, A. D., Fonken, L. K., Watkins, L. R., Nelson, R. J., & Popovich, P. G.
- Venue
- The Neuroscientist
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-07-24
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 221-245
- ISSN
- 1073-8584
- 1089-4098
- PMC
- PMC8377730
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 43
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Paralyzed Veterans of America (3004)
- National Institutes of Health (R01 DE921966)
- U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-13-1-0277/SC120066)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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