Cited by 645Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and related disorders

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Circadian misalignment and health

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Baron, Kelly Glazer, Reid, Kathryn J.·2014·International Review of Psychiatry

DOI 10.3109/09540261.2014.911149PMC PMC4677771

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Abstract

Circadian rhythms are near 24-h patterns of physiology and behaviour that are present independent of external cues including hormones, body temperature, mood, and sleep propensity. The term 'circadian misalignment' describes a variety of circumstances, such as inappropriately timed sleep and wake, misalignment of sleep/wake with feeding rhythms, or misaligned central and peripheral rhythms. The predominance of early research focused on misalignment of sleep to the biological night. However, discovery of clock genes and the presence of peripheral circadian oscillators have expanded the definitions of misalignment. Experimental studies conducted in animal models and humans have provided evidence of potential mechanisms that link misalignment to negative outcomes. These include dysregulation of feeding behaviours, changes in appetite stimulating hormones, glucose metabolism and mood. This review has two foci: (1) to describe how circadian misalignment has been defined and evaluated in laboratory and field experiments, and (2) to describe evidence linking different types of circadian misalignment to increased risk for physical (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer) and psychiatric (depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, attention deficit) disorders. This review will describe the role of circadian misalignment as a risk factor for disease in the general population and in clinical populations, including circadian rhythm sleep disorders and psychiatric disorders.

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Background
Circadian rhythms and disorders of the timing of sleep
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Authors: Baron, K. G., & Reid, K. J.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author: Baron, Kelly Glazer
ORCID: Baron, Kelly Glazer
Reid, Kathryn J.
Venue: International Review of Psychiatry
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2014-04
Volume: 26
Issue: 2
Pages: 139-154
ISSN: 0954-0261 (ISSN-L)
1369-1627
DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2014.911149
PMC: PMC4677771
OpenAlex: W2115228849
Cited by: 645
References: 203
Citations by year: 2026: 73 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 5
FWCI: 2.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: International Review of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL109110)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords: circadian misalignment, circadian rhythm, sleep timing, feeding rhythm, clock genes, peripheral circadian oscillators, appetite-regulating hormones, glucose metabolism, mood, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, disease risk factors
MeSH terms: Animals, Mental Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders, Chronobiology Disorders

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