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Cited by 4,544

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

MICROBIAL BIOFILMS

Costerton, J. William, Lewandowski, Zbigniew, Caldwell, Douglas E., Korber, Darren R., Lappin-Scott, Hilary M.·1995·Annual Review of Microbiology
DOI 10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.003431
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Abstract

Direct observations have clearly shown that biofilm bacteria predominate, numerically and metabolically, in virtually all nutrient-sufficient ecosystems. Therefore, these sessile organisms predominate in most of the environmental, industrial, and medical problems and processes of interest to microbiologists. If biofilm bacteria were simply planktonic cells that had adhered to a surface, this revelation would be unimportant, but they are demonstrably and profoundly different. We first noted that biofilm cells are at least 500 times more resistant to antibacterial agents. Now we have discovered that adhesion triggers the expression of a sigma factor that derepresses a large number of genes so that biofilm cells are clearly phenotypically distinct from their planktonic counterparts. Each biofilm bacterium lives in a customized microniche in a complex microbial community that has primitive homeostasis, a primitive circulatory system, and metabolic cooperativity, and each of these sessile cells reacts to its special environment so that it differs fundamentally from a planktonic cell of the same species.

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Metadata

Authors
Costerton, J. W., Lewandowski, Z., Caldwell, D. E., Korber, D. R., & Lappin-Scott, H. M.
Venue
Annual Review of Microbiology
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
1995-10
Volume
49
Issue
1
Pages
711-745
ISSN
  • 0066-4227 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-3251
DOI
10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.003431
OpenAlex
W4213354399
Cited by
4,544
References
0
FWCI
8.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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