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Embryonic Stem Cells: Prospects for Developmental Biology and Cell Therapy

Wobus, Anna M., Boheler, Kenneth R.·2005·Physiological Reviews

DOI 10.1152/physrev.00054.2003

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Abstract

Stem cells represent natural units of embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Embryonic stem (ES) cells, in particular, possess a nearly unlimited self-renewal capacity and developmental potential to differentiate into virtually any cell type of an organism. Mouse ES cells, which are established as permanent cell lines from early embryos, can be regarded as a versatile biological system that has led to major advances in cell and developmental biology. Human ES cell lines, which have recently been derived, may additionally serve as an unlimited source of cells for regenerative medicine. Before therapeutic applications can be realized, important problems must be resolved. Ethical issues surround the derivation of human ES cells from in vitro fertilized blastocysts. Current techniques for directed differentiation into somatic cell populations remain inefficient and yield heterogeneous cell populations. Transplanted ES cell progeny may not function normally in organs, might retain tumorigenic potential, and could be rejected immunologically. The number of human ES cell lines available for research may also be insufficient to adequately determine their therapeutic potential. Recent molecular and cellular advances with mouse ES cells, however, portend the successful use of these cells in therapeutics. This review therefore focuses both on mouse and human ES cells with respect to in vitro propagation and differentiation as well as their use in basic cell and developmental biology and toxicology and presents prospects for human ES cells in tissue regeneration and transplantation.

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Mummery, C., Ward, D., Van Den Brink, C. E., Bird, S. D., Doevendans, P. A., Opthof, T., De La Riviere, A. B., Tertoolen, L., Van Der Heyden, M., & Pera, M. (2002) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00031.x · Cited by 302
High‐Level Sustained Transgene Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Lentiviral Vectors
Ma, Y., Ramezani, A., Lewis, R., Hawley, R. G., & Thomson, J. A. (2003) · STEM CELLS · doi:10.1634/stemcells.21-1-111 · Cited by 300
Characterization of a pluripotent stem cell line derived from a mouse embryo
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Self-citation
Preimplantation-stage stem cells induce long-term allogeneic graft acceptance without supplementary host conditioning
Fändrich, F., Lin, X., Chai, G. X., Schulze, M., Ganten, D., Bader, M., Holle, J., Huang, D.-S., Parwaresch, R., Zavazava, N., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0202-171 · Cited by 296
Selection of ventricular‐like cardiomyocytes from ES cells in vitro
MÜller, M., Fleischmann, B. K., Selbert, S., Ji, G. J., Endl, E., Middeler, G., MÜller, O. J., Schlenke, P., Frese, S., Wobus, A. M., et al. (2000) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.00-0002com · Cited by 292
Self-citation
Formation of a primitive ectoderm like cell population, EPL cells, from ES cells in response to biologically derived factors
Rathjen, J., Lake, J.-A., Bettess, M. D., Washington, J. M., Chapman, G., & Rathjen, P. D. (1999) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.112.5.601 · Cited by 292
In Vitro Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Hepatocyte‐Like Cells Identified by Cellular Uptake of Indocyanine Green
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Properties of four human embryonic stem cell lines maintained in a feeder‐free culture system
Carpenter, M. K., Rosler, E. S., Fisk, G. J., Brandenberger, R., Ares, X., Miura, T., Lucero, M., & Rao, M. S. (2004) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.10431 · Cited by 287
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Use and Application of Stem Cells in Toxicology
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A gene trap approach in mouse embryonic stem cells: the lacZ reported is activated by splicing, reflects endogenous gene expression, and is mutagenic in mice.
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Nuclei of Embryonic Stem Cells Reprogram Somatic Cells
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Retroviral Expression in Embryonic Stem Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells
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FLUORESCENCE MOLECULAR IMAGING
Ntziachristos, V. (2006) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.8.061505.095831 · Cited by 731
Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from pig somatic cells
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Roles of TGF-β family signaling in stem cell renewal and differentiation
Watabe, T., & Miyazono, K. (2009) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2008.323 · Cited by 428
Rapid induction and long-term self-renewal of primitive neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells by small molecule inhibitors
Li, W., Sun, W., Zhang, Y., Wei, W., Ambasudhan, R., Xia, P., Talantova, M., Lin, T., Kim, J., Wang, X., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1014041108 · Cited by 375
Regeneration Gaps
Murry, C. E., Reinecke, H., & Pabon, L. M. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.02.002 · Cited by 360

See all 782

Authors: Wobus, A. M., & Boheler, K. R.
Venue: Physiological Reviews
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2005-04
Volume: 85
Issue: 2
Pages: 635-678
ISSN: 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
1522-1210
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00054.2003
OpenAlex: W2100012145
Cited by: 782
References: 378
FWCI: 3.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed

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Embryonic Stem Cells: Prospects for Developmental Biology and Cell Therapy

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