The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.127 · Cited by 7,335
Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.1.1 · Cited by 5,902
Cohen, N. J., & Squire, L. R. (1980) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7414331 · Cited by 2,296
How many memory systems are there?
Tulving, E. (1985) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.40.4.385 · Cited by 1,909
Cited by
The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity
Cowan, N. (2001) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x01003922 · Cited by 6,779
Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.
Squire, L. R. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.2.195 · Cited by 5,376
The Role of Consciousness in Second Language Learning1
SCHMIDT, R. W. (1990) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/11.2.129 · Cited by 5,435
“Still, many psychologists continue to have reservations (Hayes and Broadbent 1988; Lewicki, Czyzewska, and Hoffman 1987; Nissen and Bullemer 1987), and experiments designed to test the role of awareness in learning often produce inconclusive results.”
BackgroundToward an instance theory of automatization.
Logan, G. D. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.4.492 · Cited by 3,466
Implicit memory: History and current status.
Schacter, D. L. (1987) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.13.3.501 · Cited by 2,983
Contextual Cueing: Implicit Learning and Memory of Visual Context Guides Spatial Attention
Chun, M. M., & Jiang, Y. (1998) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0681 · Cited by 1,959
Habits, Rituals, and the Evaluative Brain
Graybiel, A. M. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112851 · Cited by 1,697
Learning and Memory Functions of the Basal Ganglia
Packard, M. G., & Knowlton, B. J. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142937 · Cited by 1,717
Reis, J., Schambra, H. M., Cohen, L. G., Buch, E. R., Fritsch, B., Zarahn, E., Celnik, P. A., & Krakauer, J. W. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0805413106 · Cited by 1,401
Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems
Squire, L. R., & Zola, S. M. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13515 · Cited by 1,327
Declarative and Nondeclarative Memory: Multiple Brain Systems Supporting Learning and Memory
Squire, L. R. (1992) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1992.4.3.232 · Cited by 1,282
Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems
Shanks, D. R., & St. John, M. F. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035032 · Cited by 1,163
The Structure and Organization of Memory
Squire, L. R., Knowlton, B., & Musen, G. (1993) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.002321 · Cited by 1,123
Nitsche, M. A., Schauenburg, A., Lang, N., Liebetanz, D., Exner, C., Paulus, W., & Tergau, F. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903321662994 · Cited by 1,032
An implicit plan overrides an explicit strategy during visuomotor adaptation
Mazzoni, P., & Krakauer, J. W. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5317-05.2006 · Cited by 833
COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF HUMAN MEMORY
Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1998) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.87 · Cited by 808
Parallel neural networks for learning sequential procedures
Hikosaka, O., Nakahara, H., Rand, M. K., Sakai, K., Lu, X., Nakamura, K., Miyachi, S., & Doya, K. (1999) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01439-3 · Cited by 799
Explicit and implicit contributions to learning in a sensorimotor adaptation task
Taylor, J. A., Krakauer, J. W., & Ivry, R. B. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3619-13.2014 · Cited by 768
A Functional-Design Approach to Motivation and Self-Regulation
Kuhl, J. (2000) · Handbook of Self-Regulation · doi:10.1016/b978-012109890-2/50034-2 · Cited by 736
Functional mapping of sequence learning in normal humans
Grafton, S. T., Hazeltine, E., & Ivry, R. (1995) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1995.7.4.497 · Cited by 720
Masters, R., & Maxwell, J. (2008) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/17509840802287218 · Cited by 663
Attention and structure in sequence learning.
Cohen, A., Ivry, R. I., & Keele, S. W. (1990) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.16.1.17 · Cited by 661
Self-Knowledge: Its Limits, Value, and Potential for Improvement
Wilson, T. D., & Dunn, E. W. (2004) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141954 · Cited by 624
An fMRI Study of the Role of the Medial Temporal Lobe in Implicit and Explicit Sequence Learning
Schendan, H. E., Searl, M. M., Melrose, R. J., & Stern, C. E. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00123-5 · Cited by 610
The Neural Correlates of Motor Skill Automaticity
Poldrack, R. A., Sabb, F. W., Foerde, K., Tom, S. M., Asarnow, R. F., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Knowlton, B. J. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3880-04.2005 · Cited by 600
“In this paradigm (Nissen and Bullemer, 1987), subjects are presented with a four-alternative spatial choice reaction time task; unbeknownst to them, on some blocks of trials, the locations occur in a particular sequence, whereas on other blocks, the stimuli are presented in a pseudorandom order.”
MethodAttentional and nonattentional forms of sequence learning.
Curran, T., & Keele, S. W. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.19.1.189 · Cited by 594
Human sensorimotor learning: adaptation, skill, and beyond
Krakauer, J. W., & Mazzoni, P. (2011) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2011.06.012 · Cited by 558
Memory deficits for implicit contextual information in amnesic subjects with hippocampal damage
Chun, M. M., & Phelps, E. A. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/12222 · Cited by 554
Krakauer, J. W., & Shadmehr, R. (2006) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.10.003 · Cited by 516
Synthetic grammar learning: Implicit rule abstraction or explicit fragmentary knowledge?
Perruchet, P., & Pacteau, C. (1990) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.119.3.264 · Cited by 526
Turk-Browne, N. B., Scholl, B. J., Chun, M. M., & Johnson, M. K. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21131 · Cited by 523
A unified framework for addiction: Vulnerabilities in the decision process
Redish, A. D., Jensen, S., & Johnson, A. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0800472x · Cited by 501
Both the Hippocampus and Striatum Are Involved in Consolidation of Motor Sequence Memory
Albouy, G., Sterpenich, V., Balteau, E., Vandewalle, G., Desseilles, M., Dang-Vu, T., Darsaud, A., Ruby, P., Luppi, P.-H., Degueldre, C., et al. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.02.008 · Cited by 463
Awareness Modifies the Skill-Learning Benefits of Sleep
Robertson, E. M., Pascual-Leone, A., & Press, D. Z. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.027 · Cited by 450
Training for attentional control in dual task settings: a comparison of young and old adults.
Kramer, A. F., Larish, J. F., & Strayer, D. L. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/1076-898x.1.1.50 · Cited by 413
Motor learning principles for neurorehabilitation
(2013) · Handbook of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52901-5.00008-3 · Cited by 401
Attention and Memory during SLA
Robinson, P. (2003) · The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1002/9780470756492.ch19 · Cited by 402
The interaction of the explicit and the implicit in skill learning: a dual-process approach
Sun, R., Slusarz, P., & Terry, C. (2005) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.112.1.159 · Cited by 399
Age differences in implicit learning of higher order dependencies in serial patterns.
Howard, J. H., & Howard, D. V. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.12.4.634 · Cited by 390
Procedural learning is impaired in Huntington's disease: Evidence from the serial reaction time task
Knopman, D., & Nissen, M. J. (1991) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(91)90085-m · Cited by 377
Self-citationDynamic cortical involvement in implicit and explicit motor sequence learning. A PET study
Honda, M. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.11.2159 · Cited by 370
Levitin, D. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.016 · Cited by 348
Bugg, J. M., & Crump, M. J. C. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00367 · Cited by 344
Doyon, J., Owen, A. M., Petrides, M., Sziklas, V., & Evans, A. C. (1996) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01249.x · Cited by 326
The Neuropsychology of Memory: Parallel Findings in Humans and Nonhuman Primatesa
ZOLA‐MORGAN, S., & SQUIRE, L. R. (1990) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48905.x · Cited by 318
Implicit statistical learning is directly associated with the acquisition of syntax
Kidd, E. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025405 · Cited by 310
(1997) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.9.4.568 · Cited by 301
Habits, action sequences and reinforcement learning
Dezfouli, A., & Balleine, B. W. (2012) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08050.x · Cited by 297
Reber, P. J. (2013) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.06.019 · Cited by 296
Grounding cognitive control in associative learning
Abrahamse, E., Braem, S., Notebaert, W., & Verguts, T. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000047 · Cited by 276
Information integration without awareness
Mudrik, L., Faivre, N., & Koch, C. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.009 · Cited by 277
Off-line learning of motor skill memory: A double dissociation of goal and movement
Cohen, D. A., Pascual-Leone, A., Press, D. Z., & Robertson, E. M. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506072102 · Cited by 283
Puttemans, V., Wenderoth, N., & Swinnen, S. P. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3866-04.2005 · Cited by 280
Thomas, K. M., Hunt, R. H., Vizueta, N., Sommer, T., Durston, S., Yang, Y., & Worden, M. S. (2004) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929042304688 · Cited by 260
Hulstijn, J. (2002) · Second Language Research · doi:10.1191/0267658302sr207oa · Cited by 250
Implicit Learning–Explicit Knowing: A Role for Sleep in Memory System Interaction
Fischer, S., Drosopoulos, S., Tsen, J., & Born, J. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.3.311 · Cited by 215
Off-Line Processing: Reciprocal Interactions between Declarative and Procedural Memories
Brown, R. M., & Robertson, E. M. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2799-07.2007 · Cited by 212
Age-related decline of sleep-dependent consolidation
Spencer, R. M. C., Gouw, A. M., & Ivry, R. B. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.569407 · Cited by 201
Sleep Does Not Benefit Probabilistic Motor Sequence Learning
Song, S., Howard, J. H., & Howard, D. V. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2062-07.2007 · Cited by 195
Structured Event Memory: A neuro-symbolic model of event cognition.
Franklin, N. T., Norman, K. A., Ranganath, C., Zacks, J. M., & Gershman, S. J. (2020) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000177 · Cited by 177
Sleep modulates word-pair learning but not motor sequence learning in healthy older adults
Wilson, J. K., Baran, B., Pace-Schott, E. F., Ivry, R. B., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.06.029 · Cited by 174
A critical review of habit learning and the basal ganglia
Seger, C. A., & Spiering, B. J. (2011) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2011.00066 · Cited by 170
Rauch, S. L., Wedig, M. M., Wright, C. I., Martis, B., McMullin, K. G., Shin, L. M., Cannistraro, P. A., & Wilhelm, S. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.012 · Cited by 167
Implicit Statistical Learning: A Tale of Two Literatures
Christiansen, M. H. (2019) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12332 · Cited by 167
Executive function, memory, and learning in Tourette's syndrome.
Channon, S., Pratt, P., & Robertson, M. M. (2003) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.17.2.247 · Cited by 158
Habits as action sequences: hierarchical action control and changes in outcome value
Dezfouli, A., Lingawi, N. W., & Balleine, B. W. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0482 · Cited by 139
Hauptmann, B., Reinhart, E., Brandt, S. A., & Karni, A. (2005) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.012 · Cited by 151
NEUROIMAGING AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF THE STRIATUM
Rauch, S. L., & Savage, C. R. (1997) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70343-9 · Cited by 148
Frensch, P. A., Lin, J., & Buchner, A. (1998) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s004260050015 · Cited by 143
Fischer, S., Wilhelm, I., & Born, J. (2007) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.2.214 · Cited by 142
Sleep-Dependent Consolidation of Contextual Learning
Spencer, R. M. C., Sunm, M., & Ivry, R. B. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.094 · Cited by 138
Shanks, D. R., & Johnstone, T. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.25.6.1435 · Cited by 135
Johnson, L., Burridge, J. H., & Demain, S. H. (2013) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20120300 · Cited by 132
Functional networks in motor sequence learning: Abnormal topographies in Parkinson's disease
Nakamura, T., Ghilardi, M. F., Mentis, M. J., DHAWAN, V. M., Fukuda, M., Hacking, A. G., Moeller, J. R., Ghez, C. P., & Eidelberg, D. (2000) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/1097-0193(200101)12:1<42::aid-hbm40>3.0.co;2-d · Cited by 132
Implicit perceptual training: how, when, and why?
Jackson, R. C., & Farrow, D. (2005) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2005.06.003 · Cited by 114
Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Pace-Schott, E. F., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2014) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2014_300 · Cited by 112
Secoli, R., Milot, M.-H., Rosati, G., & Reinkensmeyer, D. J. (2011) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-8-21 · Cited by 107
The Role of Medial Temporal Lobe Structures in Implicit Learning
Rose, M., Haider, H., Weiller, C., & Büchel, C. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01105-4 · Cited by 99
Implicit versus Explicit Learning Processes in a Probabilistic, Continuous Fine-Motor Catching Task
Green, T. D., & Flowers, J. H. (1991) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.1991.9942040 · Cited by 97
The scope of preserved procedural memory in amnesia
Cavaco, S. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh208 · Cited by 95
Shea, C. H., Wulf, G., Whitacre, C. A., & Park, J.-H. (2001) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/713755993 · Cited by 94
Cued memory reactivation during slow-wave sleep promotes explicit knowledge of a motor sequence
Cousins, J. N., El-Deredy, W., Parkes, L. M., Hennies, N., & Lewis, P. A. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1011-14.2014 · Cited by 92
Implicit learning in problem solving: The role of working memory capacity.
Reber, P. J., & Kotovsky, K. (1997) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.126.2.178 · Cited by 93
Hamrick, P. (2015) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2015.10.003 · Cited by 89
Age-related differences in sleep-based memory consolidation: a meta-analysis
Gui, W.-J., Li, H.-J., Guo, Y.-H., Peng, P., Lei, X., & Yu, J. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.02.001 · Cited by 78
Sleep Enhances Implicit Motor Skill Learning in Individuals Poststroke
Siengsukon, C. F., & Boyd, L. A. (2008) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1501-1 · Cited by 82
Lázaro, L., Caldú, X., Junqué, C., Bargalló, N., Andrés, S., Morer, A., & Castro-Fornieles, J. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.12.007 · Cited by 74
Barham, M. P., Enticott, P. G., Conduit, R., & Lum, J. A. G. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.009 · Cited by 74
Foerde, K., Poldrack, R. A., Knowlton, B. J., Sabb, F. W., Bookheimer, S. Y., Bilder, R. M., Guthrie, D., Granholm, E., Nuechterlein, K. H., Marder, S. R., et al. (2008) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.1.100 · Cited by 67
Sequence learning in pianists and nonpianists: An fMRI study of motor expertise
LANDAU, S. M., & D'ESPOSITO, M. (2006) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.6.3.246 · Cited by 62
Neurocognitive Performance in Children with ADHD and OCD
Vloet, T. D., Marx, I., Kahraman-Lanzerath, B., Zepf, F. D., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., & Konrad, K. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9422-1 · Cited by 58
Whyte, E., Skidmore, E., Aizenstein, H., Ricker, J., & Butters, M. (2011) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.05.007 · Cited by 60
Failing, M., & Theeuwes, J. (2017) · Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-017-1376-8 · Cited by 58
Procedural Learning and Memory Rehabilitation in Korsakoff’s Syndrome - a Review of the Literature
Oudman, E., Nijboer, T. C. W., Postma, A., Wijnia, J. W., & Van der Stigchel, S. (2015) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-015-9288-7 · Cited by 57
Combining fMRI and behavioral measures to examine the process of human learning
Karuza, E. A., Emberson, L. L., & Aslin, R. N. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.09.012 · Cited by 50
Variability in the learning of complex morphophonology.
ETTLINGER, M., BRADLOW, A. R., & WONG, P. C. M. (2014) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716412000586 · Cited by 47
STEFANIAK, N., WILLEMS, S., ADAM, S., & MEULEMANS, T. (2008) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.36.7.1283 · Cited by 49
Doyon, J. (1997) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60356-6 · Cited by 49
The dual-task SRT procedure: Fine-tuning the timing
Hsiao, A. T., & Reber, A. S. (2001) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196170 · Cited by 46
Billot, A., Lai, S., Varkanitsa, M., Braun, E. J., Rapp, B., Parrish, T. B., Higgins, J., Kurani, A. S., Caplan, D., Thompson, C. K., et al. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.036749 · Cited by 47
Metadata
- Authors
- Nissen, M. J., & Bullemer, P.
- Venue
- Cognitive Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-32
- ISSN
- 0010-0285 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985454926
- Cited by
- 2,963
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 10.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.