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Cited by 1,271Food composition and propertiesNutritional Studies and DietDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women

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Meyer, Katie A, Kushi, Lawrence H, Jacobs, David R, Slavin, Joanne, Sellers, Thomas A, Folsom, Aaron R·2000·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/71.4.921
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Abstract

Background Dietary carbohydrates may influence the development of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, for example, through effects on blood glucose and insulin concentrations. Objective We examined the relations of baseline intake of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, dietary magnesium, and carbohydrate-rich foods and the glycemic index with incidence of diabetes. Design This was a prospective cohort study of 35988 older Iowa women initially free of diabetes. During 6 y of follow-up, 1141 incident cases of diabetes were reported. Results Total grain, whole-grain, total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, and dietary magnesium intakes showed strong inverse associations with incidence of diabetes after adjustment for potential nondietary confounding variables. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks of diabetes were 1.0, 0.99, 0.98, 0.92, and 0.79 (P for trend: 0.0089) across quintiles of whole-grain intake; 1.0, 1.09, 1.00, 0.94, and 0.78 (P for trend: 0.005) across quintiles of total dietary fiber intake; and 1.0, 0.81, 0.82, 0.81, and 0.67 (P for trend: 0.0003) across quintiles of dietary magnesium intake. Intakes of total carbohydrates, refined grains, fruit and vegetables, and soluble fiber and the glycemic index were unrelated to diabetes risk. Conclusion These data support a protective role for grains (particularly whole grains), cereal fiber, and dietary magnesium in the development of diabetes in older women.

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Metadata

Authors
Meyer, K. A., Kushi, L. H., Jacobs, D. R., Slavin, J., Sellers, T. A., & Folsom, A. R.
Affiliations
University of Minnesota (US)
Corresponding author
Folsom, Aaron R
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-04
Volume
71
Issue
4
Pages
921-930
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/71.4.921
OpenAlex
W2142473155
Cited by
1,271
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 81
FWCI
36.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R01 CA39742, R01CA039742)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
type 2 diabetes, dietary carbohydrates, dietary fiber, whole grains, cereal fiber, dietary magnesium, glycemic index, older women, diabetes incidence, refined grains, fruits and vegetables, soluble dietary fiber
MeSH terms
Aged, Aging, Blood Glucose, Body Constitution, Edible Grain, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, Female, Fruit, Humans, Iowa, Magnesium, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Vegetables, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Women's Health

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