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Sleep disparity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position
Open accessAbstract
Sleep represents a set of biological functions necessary for the maintenance of life. Performing these functions, though, requires that an individual engage in behaviors, which are affected by social and environmental factors. Race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position represent categories of factors that likely play a role in the experience of sleep in the community. Previous studies have suggested that racial/ethnic minorities and the socioeconomically disadvantaged may be more likely to experience sleep patterns that are associated with adverse health outcomes. It is possible that disparities in sleep represent a pathway by which larger disparities in health emerge. This review (1) contextualizes the concept of race/ethnicity in biomedical research, (2) summarizes previous studies that describe patterns of sleep attainment across race/ethnicity groups, (3) discusses several pathways by which race/ethnicity may be associated with sleep, (4) introduces the potential role of socioeconomic position in the patterning of sleep, and (5) proposes future research directions to address this issue.
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“Many studies have documented a “sleep disparity” in the population,19,39 such that racial/ethnic minorities, especially in the context of socioeconomic disadvantage, achieve less quality sleep.”
From Sleep, Health, and Society (2017) · cites this paper as [19]
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“Most studies in this area have shown that, overall, blacks/African Americans are more likely to experience short sleep duration compared with non-Hispanic whites.19,39”
From Sleep, Health, and Society (2017) · cites this paper as [19]
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Negative acculturation in sleep duration among Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans
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Addressing sleep disturbances: an opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease?
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“A number of studies have also documented adverse health outcomes associated with poor sleep quality [35].”
Are there ethnic differences in sleep architecture?
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When Policy Meets Physiology: The Challenge of Reducing Resident Work Hours
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Short sleep duration is associated with greater alcohol consumption in adults
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Neighborhood effects on health: concentrated advantage and disadvantage
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Dubious bargain: trading sleep for Leno and Letterman
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“In addition, as influences of globalization, technology, and industrialization encroach into an area, the sleeprelated beliefs and practices change dramatically, with the institutionalization of long working hours [94–101] and shiftwork [102–105], and banning of culturally appropriate naps [106–108].”
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Long work hours and adiposity among police officers in a US northeast city
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Co-sleeping, an ancient practice: issues of the past and present, and possibilities for the future
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“For example, the practice of bed-sharing with infants, children, and adult family members occurs to varying degrees across cultures [87–92].”
Sleep-Related Behaviors and Beliefs Associated With Race/Ethnicity in Women
Grandner, M. A., Patel, N. P., Jean‐Louis, G., JACKSON, N. J., Gehrman, P., Perlis, M. L., & Gooneratne, N. S. (2013) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30080-8 · Cited by 73
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Effect of Ethnicity on Sleep: Complexities for Epidemiologic Research
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Ethnicity, sleep, mood, and illumination in postmenopausal women
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Self-citationAircraft noise: Effects on macro- and microstructure of sleep
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Circadian Effects of Light No Brighter Than Moonlight
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Social determinants of self-reported sleep problems in South Korea and Taiwan
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Evolutionary perspectives on mother-infant sleep proximity and breastfeeding in a laboratory setting
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Obesity, diabetes, and exercise associated with sleep-related complaints in the American population
Grandner, M. A., Patel, N. P., Perlis, M. L., Gehrman, P. R., Xie, D., Sha, D., Pigeon, W. R., Teff, K., Weaver, T., & Gooneratne, N. S. (2011) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-011-0398-2 · Cited by 58
From sleep duration to mortality: implications of meta‐analysis and future directions
Grandner, M. A., & Patel, N. P. (2009) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00753.x · Cited by 58
Beliefs and Attitudes Toward Obstructive Sleep Apnea Evaluation and Treatment Among Blacks
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Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Race Are Associated With Adult Sleep
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Sleeping like a baby: attitudes and experiences of bedsharing in northeast England
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Actual and perceived sleep: Associations with daytime functioning among postpartum women
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Principal Lifetime Occupation and Sleep Quality in the Elderly
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State and Regional Prevalence of Sleep Disturbance and Daytime Fatigue
Grandner, M. A., JACKSON, N. J., Pigeon, W. R., Gooneratne, N. S., & Patel, N. P. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.1668 · Cited by 45
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“Billings and colleagues found that the overlapping phenomena of short sleep duration and the lack of CPAP adherence among Blacks/African Americans may be somewhat related [75].”
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Discrimination, Chronic Stress, and Mortality Among Black Americans: A Life Course Framework
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Subjective sleep disturbance during a smoking cessation program: Associations with relapse
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Predictors of slow-wave sleep in a clinic-based sample
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“These findings are consistent with those of other studies, who found that Blacks/African Americans obtained less slow-wave sleep [50–54] and had a poorer sleep efficiency [52,54] than non-HispanicWhites.”
Chakravorty, S., Grandner, M. A., Kranzler, H. R., Mavandadi, S., Kling, M. A., Perlis, M. L., & Oslin, D. W. (2013) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.12009.x · Cited by 25
Kaplan, J. B. (2014) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-014-9121-6 · Cited by 24
Healthy People 2020 Objective Topic Areas
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Shiftwork in the hot environment.
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Sleep and mortality: cause, consequence, or symptom?
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Priming affects poor sleepers but not normal sleepers on an Insomnia Ambiguity Task
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A retrospective study on infant bed-sharing in a clinical practice population
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Bed sharing in school-age children–clinical and social implications
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Sleep reduction in night-shift workers: is it sleep deprivation or a sleep disturbance disorder?
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Sleep deprivation and postpartum mental health
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Sleep disturbances in two-month-old infants sharing the bed with parent(s).
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Creating an Optimal Sleep Environment
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All Work and No Play Makes Jack Lose Sleep
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T-I-071 SHORT SLEEP AND DYSFUNCTIONAL BELIEFS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD SLEEP AMONG BLACK MEN
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Maia, 2013, Short sleep duration associated with drowsy driving and the role of perceived sleep insufficiency, Sleep, 36, A328
- Pandey, 2011, Short sleep and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes toward sleep among Black men, Sleep, 34, 261
- Sell, 2009, Ethnic differences in sleep-health knowledge, Sleep, 32, A392
- Grandner, 2011, Biopsychosocial predictors of insufficient rest or sleep in the American population, Sleep, 34, A260
- Siu, 2013, Growing up with a depressed family member is associated with insufficient sleep and moderates the relationship between insufficient sleep and mental health, Sleep, 36, A299
- Patel, 2010, Effects of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors on sleep complaints depend on an individual's race/ethnicity, Sleep, 33, A307
- Grandner, 2013, Sleep symptoms, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position, J Clin Sleep Med, 9, 897, 10.5664/jcsm.2990 · DOI · Paper page
- Whinnery, 2014, Sleep symptoms, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position, Sleep, 37, 601, 10.5665/sleep.3508 · DOI · Paper page
- Barilla, 2013, Are those with more physically demanding jobs more likely to exhibit short/long sleep duration?, Sleep, 36, A325
- Whinnery, 2013, Short and long sleep duration in the US: associations with race/ethnicity, country of origin, socioeconomic position, and acculturation, Sleep, 36, A336
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Allen, N. B., Anderson, C. A. M., Black, T., Brewer, L. C., Foraker, R. E., Grandner, M. A., Lavretsky, H., Perak, A. M., Sharma, G., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001078 · Cited by 2,785
Self-citationSt-Onge, M.-P., Grandner, M. A., Brown, D., Conroy, M. B., Jean-Louis, G., Coons, M., & Bhatt, D. L. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000444 · Cited by 1,044
Self-citationGrandner, M. A. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2016.10.012 · Cited by 720
Johnson, D. A., Jackson, C. L., Williams, N. J., & Alcántara, C. (2019) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s169312 · Cited by 374
Sheehan, C., Frochen, S., Walsemann, K. M., & Ailshire, J. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy221 · Cited by 321
Metadata
- Authors
- Grandner, M. A., Williams, N. J., Knutson, K. L., Roberts, D., & Jean-Louis, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grandner, Michael A.
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 18
- Pages
- 7-18
- ISSN
- 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4631795
- OpenAlex
- W2002880735
- Cited by
- 481
- References
- 174
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 10
- FWCI
- 2.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Penn Carey Law Legal Scholarship Repository (University of Pennsylvania) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL110216, R01HL095799)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science (R21ES022931)
- University of Pennsylvania Clinical and Translational Research Center (UL1RR024134)
- National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK095207)
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD004113)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- sleep disparities, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic position, racial and ethnic minorities, sleep patterns, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Sleep Wake Disorders, Socioeconomic Factors, Racial Groups, Health Status Disparities
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