Cited by 1,403Atrial Fibrillation Management and OutcomesClinical practice guidelines implementationAcute Ischemic Stroke Management

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2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS

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Kirchhof, Paulus, Benussi, Stefano, Kotecha, Dipak, Ahlsson, Anders, Atar, Dan, Casadei, Barbara, Castella, Manuel, Diener, Hans-Christoph, Heidbuchel, Hein, Hendriks, Jeroen, Hindricks, Gerhard, Manolis, Antonis S., Oldgren, Jonas, Popescu, Bogdan Alexandru, Schotten, Ulrich, Van Putte, Bart, Vardas, Panagiotis, Agewall, Stefan, Camm, John, Baron Esquivias, Gonzalo, Budts, Werner, Carerj, Scipione, Casselman, Filip, Coca, Antonio, De Caterina, Raffaele, Deftereos, Spiridon, Dobrev, Dobromir, Ferro, José M., Filippatos, Gerasimos, Fitzsimons, Donna, Gorenek, Bulent, Guenoun, Maxine, Hohnloser, Stefan H., Kolh, Philippe, Lip, Gregory Y. H., Manolis, Athanasios, McMurray, John, Ponikowski, Piotr, Rosenhek, Raphael, Ruschitzka, Frank, Savelieva, Irina, Sharma, Sanjay, Suwalski, Piotr, Tamargo, Juan Luis, Taylor, Clare J., Van Gelder, Isabelle C., Voors, Adriaan A., Windecker, Stephan, Zamorano, Jose Luis, Zeppenfeld, Katja·2016·European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery

DOI 10.1093/ejcts/ezw313

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Abstract

Guidelines summarize and evaluate all available evidence on a particular issue at the time of the writing process, with the aim of assisting health professionals in selecting the best management strategies for an individual patient with a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk–benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means. Guidelines and recommendations should help health professionals to make decisions in their daily practice. However, the final decisions concerning an individual patient must be made by the responsible health professional(s) in consultation with the patient and caregiver as appropriate. A great number of Guidelines have been issued in recent years by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), as well as by other societies and organisations. Because of the impact on clinical practice, quality criteria for the development of guidelines have been established in order to make all decisions transparent to the user. The recommendations for formulating and issuing ESC Guidelines can be found on the ESC website (http://www.escardio.org/Guidelines-&-Education/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Guidelines-development/Writing-ESC-Guidelines). ESC Guidelines represent the official position of the ESC on a given topic and are regularly updated. Members of this Task Force were selected by the ESC, including representation from the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), and EACTS as well as by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) to represent professionals involved with the medical care of patients with this pathology. Selected experts in the field undertook a comprehensive review of the published evidence for management (including diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation) of a given condition according to ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) policy and approved by the EACTS and ESO. A critical evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures was performed, including assessment of the risk–benefit ratio. Estimates of expected health outcomes for larger populations were included, where data exist. The level of evidence and the strength of the recommendation of particular management options were weighed and graded according to predefined scales, as outlined in Tables 1 and 2.

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Non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with none or one additional risk factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc score: A comprehensive net clinical benefit analysis for warfarin, aspirin, or no therapy
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Ischemic Stroke Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc Score of 1
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Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients
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Pre-operative atrial fibrillation as the key determinant of outcome of mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation
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Mechanisms and clinical management of inherited channelopathies: long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and short QT syndrome
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Statin therapy and atrial fibrillation
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Flecainide versus ibutilide for immediate cardioversion of atrial fibrillation of recent onset
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Efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation in athletes with atrial fibrillation
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Do we increase the operative risk by adding the Cox Maze III procedure to aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass surgery?
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Low Risk of Major Complications Associated With Pulmonary Vein Antral Isolation for Atrial Fibrillation: Results of 500 Consecutive Ablation Procedures in Patients With Low Prevalence of Structural Heart Disease From a Single Center
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Ranolazine: Ion‐channel‐blocking actions and in vivo electrophysiological effects
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Acute and long-term results of radiofrequency ablation of common atrial flutter and the influence of the right atrial isthmus ablation on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation
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Risk of Stroke or Systemic Embolism in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Treated With Warfarin: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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Population screening of 75- and 76-year-old men and women for silent atrial fibrillation (STROKESTOP)
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Autonomic dysfunction is associated with brief episodes of atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes
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Pulmonary vein isolation and autonomic denervation for the management of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by a minimally invasive surgical approach
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Efficacy of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
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European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society
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Women Versus Men with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from the Standard Versus Atrial Fibrillation spEcific managemenT studY (SAFETY)
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Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion for Stroke Prophylaxis in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
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n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the prevention of arrhythmia recurrence after electrical cardioversion of chronic persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized, double-blind, multicentre study
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Outcomes of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Receiving an Oral Anticoagulant and Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
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Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: implantation and up to four years follow-up of the AMPLATZER Cardiac Plug
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Intravenous diltiazem is superior to intravenous amiodarone or digoxin for achieving ventricular rate control in patients with acute uncomplicated atrial fibrillation
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Effect of Dietary Fish Oil on Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
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Atrial fibrillation patients do not benefit from acetylsalicylic acid
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Interpreting changes in quality of life in atrial fibrillation: How much change is meaningful?
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Digoxin Use and Subsequent Outcomes Among Patients in a Contemporary Atrial Fibrillation Cohort
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Isolated Atrial Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients With Lone Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation
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Effects of Atenolol, Verapamil, and Xamoterol on Heart Rate and Exercise Tolerance in Digitalised Patients with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
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Amiodarone for pharmacological cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation
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Targeting inflammation and oxidative stress in atrial fibrillation: role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase inhibition with statins
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Bleeding During Treatment With Aspirin Versus Apixaban in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Unsuitable for Warfarin: The Apixaban Versus Acetylsalicylic Acid to Prevent Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Who Have Failed or Are Unsuitable for Vitamin k Antagonist Treatment (AVERROES) Trial
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A trial of self-adhesive patch electrodes and hand-held paddle electrodes for external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (MOBIPAPA)
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Safety and efficacy of dabigatran etexilate during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of the literature
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Periprocedural thromboprophylaxis in patients receiving chronic anticoagulation therapy
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Is There Still a Role for Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrogram Ablation in Addition to Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients With Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation?
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Common atrial fibrillation risk alleles at 4q25 predict recurrence after catheter-based atrial fibrillation ablation
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Chromosome 4q25 variants are genetic modifiers of rare ion channel mutations associated with familial atrial fibrillation
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Usefulness and safety of transcatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving vitamin K antagonists: a systematic review of randomized and observational studies
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Arrhythmias, elicited by catecholamines and serotonin, vanish in human chronic atrial fibrillation
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Validation of the AF-QoL, a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with atrial fibrillation
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Ranolazine in the treatment of atrial fibrillation: Results of the dose-ranging RAFFAELLO (Ranolazine in Atrial Fibrillation Following An ELectricaL CardiOversion) study
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A novel, simple scale for assessing the symptom severity of atrial fibrillation at the bedside: The CCS-SAF Scale
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2018 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization
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See all 1,403

Authors: Kirchhof, P., Benussi, S., Kotecha, D., Ahlsson, A., Atar, D., Casadei, B., Castella, M., Diener, H.-C., Heidbuchel, H., Hendriks, J., Hindricks, G., Manolis, A. S., Oldgren, J., Popescu, B. A., Schotten, U., Van Putte, B., Vardas, P., Agewall, S., Camm, J., Baron Esquivias, G., Budts, W., Carerj, S., Casselman, F., Coca, A., De Caterina, R., Deftereos, S., Dobrev, D., Ferro, J. M., Filippatos, G., Fitzsimons, D., Gorenek, B., Guenoun, M., Hohnloser, S. H., Kolh, P., Lip, G. Y. H., Manolis, A., McMurray, J., Ponikowski, P., Rosenhek, R., Ruschitzka, F., Savelieva, I., Sharma, S., Suwalski, P., Tamargo, J. L., Taylor, C. J., Van Gelder, I. C., Voors, A. A., Windecker, S., Zamorano, J. L., & Zeppenfeld, K.
Affiliations: University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
ORCID: Kirchhof, Paulus
Benussi, Stefano
Kotecha, Dipak
Ahlsson, Anders
Atar, Dan
Casadei, Barbara
Hendriks, Jeroen
Hindricks, Gerhard
Manolis, Antonis S.
Oldgren, Jonas
Popescu, Bogdan Alexandru
Schotten, Ulrich
Budts, Werner
Carerj, Scipione
Casselman, Filip
Dobrev, Dobromir
Ferro, José M.
Filippatos, Gerasimos
Fitzsimons, Donna
Hohnloser, Stefan H.
Kolh, Philippe
Lip, Gregory Y. H.
Manolis, Athanasios
McMurray, John
Ponikowski, Piotr
Ruschitzka, Frank
Sharma, Sanjay
Suwalski, Piotr
Tamargo, Juan Luis
Taylor, Clare J.
Voors, Adriaan A.
Windecker, Stephan
Zeppenfeld, Katja
Venue: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2016-09-23
Volume: 50
Issue: 5
Pages: e1-e88
ISSN: 1010-7940 (ISSN-L)
1873-734X
DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw313
OpenAlex: W2547585100
Cited by: 1,403
References: 1,039
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 181 · 2020: 246 · 2019: 209 · 2018: 227 · 2017: 161 · 2016: 22
FWCI: 170.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
St George's Online Research Archive (St George's University of London) (acceptedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Universitätsbibliographie, Universität Duisburg-Essen (submittedVersion)
BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
Lirias (submittedVersion)
ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
Funders: National Institute for Health and Care Research (CL-2015-13-006, CDF-2015-08-074)
British Heart Foundation (RG/11/15/29375)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Keywords: atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation management, anticoagulation, stroke prevention, cardioversion, catheter ablation, rhythm control, atrial fibrillation diagnosis, risk-benefit assessment
MeSH terms: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Anticoagulants, Atrial Fibrillation, Electrocardiography, Hemorrhage, Humans, Mass Screening, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Comorbidity, Incidence, Prevalence, Catheter Ablation, Evidence-Based Medicine, Disease Management, Stroke

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2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS

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