Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 242

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 340 of the 340 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Individual Differences: Traits, Temperament, and Intelligence

·2000·Personality: Determinants, Dynamics, and Potentials
DOI 10.1017/cbo9780511812767.006
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

To many scientists, the most striking aspect of people is how similar they are. Geneticists report that the human genome overlaps enormously across individuals and groups. Anthropologists find that significant aspects of social life are experienced universally (Brown, 1991). To the layperson, however, the most striking aspect of people is how much they differ. The language we naturally use to talk about people is primarily a language of individual differences (Goldberg, 1981). Many cultures explain social behavior by reference to psychological attributes that differentiate people from one another (Fiske & Taylor, 1991). Individual differences are a staple of everyday social discourse. Personality psychologists recognize universals. However, like laypersons, they revel in the differences. In this chapter, we review personality psychologists' various strategies for describing and explaining individual differences in personality functioning. We begin by exploring the intercorrelated patterns of affect, cognition, and behavior, which under the names of dispositions or traits have been a primary focus of personality psychology's research enterprise. We review efforts to identify a comprehensive structure of dispositions and the achievement of a consensus on five individual-difference factors. We then turn to questions of human temperament and the parallel efforts to identify the structure of temperamental qualities. Our final section explores intelligence and alternative models of human intellectual capabilities. As we will see, many investigators in these areas use factor analysis to identify the structure of individual differences in psychological tendencies.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1017/cbo9780511812767.006

Cites

340 of 340 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Items 201–340 of 340

Cited by

See all 242

Metadata

Venue
Personality: Determinants, Dynamics, and Potentials
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Published
2000-08-15
Pages
62-98
DOI
10.1017/cbo9780511812767.006
OpenAlex
W1928111218
Cited by
242
References
340
FWCI
105.28
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.